OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on left ventricular (LV) remodeling using cardiac MRI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We randomized 56 patients with T2DM and HF with LV systolic dysfunction to dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo for 1 year, on top of usual therapy. The primary end point was difference in LV end-systolic

This Consensus Report is intended to provide clinical professionals with evidence-based guidance about individualizing nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes. Strong evidence supports the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of nutrition therapy as a component of quality diabetes care, including its integration into the medical management of diabetes; therefore, it is important that all

ACCORD BP trial, S112–S113, S137

OBJECTIVE Reparixin is an inhibitor of CXCR1/2 chemokine receptor shown to be an effective anti-inflammatory adjuvant in a pilot clinical trial in allo-transplant recipients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-assignment study (NCT01817959) was conducted in recipients of islet allo-transplants randomized (2:1) to reparixin or placebo in addition to

OBJECTIVE Glucosamine is a widely used supplement typically taken for osteoarthritis and joint pain. Emerging evidence suggests potential links of glucosamine with glucose metabolism, inflammation, and cardiometabolic risk. We prospectively analyzed the association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assessed whether genetic susceptibility and inflammation status might

OBJECTIVE Dysglycemia, in this survey defined as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes, is common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and associated with an unfavorable prognosis. This European survey investigated dysglycemia screening and risk factor management of patients with CAD in relation to standards of European guidelines for cardiovascular subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN

OBJECTIVE The vast number of antihyperglycemic medications and growing amount of evidence make clinical decision making difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of antihyperglycemic dual and triple therapies for type 2 diabetes management with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events, severe hypoglycemia, and all-cause mortality in a real-life clinical setting. RESEARCH

OBJECTIVE 1 ) To examine trends in the use of diabetes medications and 2 ) to determine whether physicians individualize diabetes treatment as recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of 2003–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. We included people ≥18 years who had ever

OBJECTIVE In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics introduced a new guideline (2017 Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP 2017]) to diagnose arterial hypertension (HTN) in children that included revised, lower normative blood pressure (BP) values and cut points for diagnosing high BP in adolescents. We studied the impact of the new AAP 2017 guideline on prevalence

OBJECTIVE The association between high glycemic variability and all-cause mortality has been widely investigated in epidemiological studies but rarely validated in glucose-lowering clinical trials. We aimed to identify the prognostic significance of visit-to-visit HbA1c variability in treated patients in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial population. RESEARCH DESIGN

OBJECTIVE To confirm the presence of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction in working-age adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and determine whether this is improved by a low-energy meal replacement diet (MRP) or exercise training. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This article reports on a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point trial with nested case-control study. Asymptomatic younger adults

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of combination therapy with canagliflozin plus liraglutide on HbA1c, endogenous glucose production (EGP), and body weight versus each therapy alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-five patients with poorly controlled (HbA1c 7–11%) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on metformin with or without sulfonylurea received a 9-h measurement of EGP with [3-3H]glucose infusion

OBJECTIVE To determine if temporal glucose profiles differed between 1 ) women who were randomized to real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) or self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG), 2 ) women who used insulin pumps or multiple daily insulin injections (MDIs), and 3 ) women whose infants were born large for gestational age (LGA) or not, by assessing CGM data obtained from the Continuous Glucose

OBJECTIVE To identify sleep duration trajectories from early to middle adulthood and their associations with incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using a group-based modeling approach, we identified sleep duration trajectories based on sleep duration in ages 20–25, 26–35, 36–45, and 46+ years, which were retrospectively assessed in 2009 among 60,068 women from the Nurses’ Health Study

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) compared with insulin aspart (IAsp), both with insulin degludec with or without metformin, in adults with type 2 diabetes not optimally controlled with a basal-bolus regimen. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This multicenter, double-blind, treat-to-target trial randomized participants to faster aspart ( n = 546)

By Max Bingham, PhD

Although animal and human physiological studies have informed potential mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy (1), the real‐world variability in clinical presentation and complexities in measurement have severely hindered a clear understanding of its epidemiology, its impact on the population with type 1 diabetes, and the development of therapies. The most common form—and therefore the one usually referred

Transplantation of islets purified from donor pancreata is one of only a few clinical strategies that can reverse type 1 diabetes (T1D) and restore glycemic control (1–3). Significant progress has been made by improving transplantation strategies in areas including immune suppressive regimes, islet quality, transplanted β-cell mass and purity, and donor selection (4–6). However, while improved metabolic

Diabetes is one of the most challenging global health problems, affecting more than 400 million people (1). Although 10% of current global health care spending is devoted to diabetes (1), patients with diabetes remain at high risk of morbidity and mortality (2) mainly due to cardiovascular disease (3). This extremely heavy burden is likely to increase in the coming decades, especially considering the

Daniel Porte Jr. was born in New York City in 1931, and with his father being a clinical cardiologist, medicine was part of his life from very early on. After completing his undergraduate studies at Brown University, he commenced his migration west by first attending medical school at the University of Chicago, where he graduated with honors in 1957. Completing his westward migration, Dan moved to

OBJECTIVE To assess the contemporaneous prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Scotland and study its cross-sectional association with risk factors and other diabetic complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from a large representative sample of adults with T1D (N = 5,558). We assessed the presence of symptomatic neuropathy using

OBJECTIVE Self-management education and support are essential for improved diabetes control. A 1-year randomized telephonic diabetes self-management intervention (Bronx A1C) among a predominantly Latino and African American population in New York City was found effective in improving blood glucose control. To further those findings, this current study assessed the intervention’s impact in reducing

OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in health care costs according to glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on health care resource utilization from 100,391 people with type 2 diabetes were extracted from the electronic database used at the Catalan Health Institute. Multivariate regression models were carried out to test the impact of glycemic control (HbA1c)

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to understand the longitudinal relationship between financial, psychosocial, and neighborhood social determinants and glycemic control (HbA1c) in older adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from 2,662 individuals with self-reported diabetes who participated in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used. Participants were followed from 2006 through 2014

OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a rapidly growing health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but empirical data on its prevalence and relationship to socioeconomic status are scarce. We estimated diabetes prevalence and the subset with undiagnosed diabetes in 29 LMICs and evaluated the relationship of education, household wealth, and BMI with diabetes risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We pooled

OBJECTIVE Excessive iron intake has been linked to diabetes risk. However, the evidence is inconsistent. This study examined the association between dietary heme and nonheme iron intake and diabetes risk in the Chinese population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 17,026 adults (8,346 men and 8,680 women) who were part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991-2015) prospective cohort. Dietary

OBJECTIVE To assess whether initiation of insulin glargine (glargine), compared with initiation of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) or insulin detemir (detemir), was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a retrospective new-user cohort study of female Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years initiating glargine (203,159), detemir

OBJECTIVE We examined the association of lactation duration with incident type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We monitored 4,372 women with a history of GDM participating in the Nurses' Health Study II for incident type 2 diabetes over 25 years up to 2017. Lactation history was obtained through follow-up questionnaires to calculate

OBJECTIVE Insulin dosing in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is oftentimes complicated by fluctuating insulin requirements driven by metabolic and psychobehavioral factors impacting individuals' insulin sensitivity (IS). In this context, smart bolus calculators that automatically tailor prandial insulin dosing to the metabolic state of a person can improve glucose management in T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contemporary prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 1 diabetes participants in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry throughout the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS DPN was assessed with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire (MNSIQ) in adults with ≥5 years of type 1 diabetes duration. A score of ≥4 defined DPN. Associations of demographic

OBJECTIVE To assess functional β-cell capacity in type 2 diabetes during 2 years of remission induced by dietary weight loss. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A Stepped Insulin Secretion Test with Arginine was used to quantify functional β-cell capacity by hyperglycemia and arginine stimulation. Thirty-nine of 57 participants initially achieved remission (HbA1c <6.5% [<48 mmol/mol] and fasting plasma glucose

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the respective contributions of short-term glycemic variability and mean daily glucose (MDG) concentration to the risk of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS People with type 1 diabetes (n = 100) investigated at the University Hospital of Montpellier (France) underwent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on two consecutive days, providing a total of 200

OBJECTIVE Telomere shortening and DNA oxidation are associated with premature vascular aging, which may be involved in lower-extremity amputation (LEA). We sought to investigate whether leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of DNA oxidation, were associated with LEA in subjects with type 1 diabetes at high vascular risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

OBJECTIVE To determine whether ACE inhibitors reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A two-sample MR analysis included 17 independent genetic variants associated with ACE serum concentration in 4,147 participants from the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine INtervention (ORIGIN; NCT00069784) trial, and their effects on type

OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) provides a detailed anatomic map of the coronary circulation. Proteomics are increasingly used to improve diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. We hypothesized that the protein panel is differentially associated with T2D and CAD. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

OBJECTIVE To construct and internally validate prediction models to estimate the risk of long-term end-organ complications and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity that can be used to inform treatment decisions for patients and practitioners who are considering metabolic surgery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2,287 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent metabolic surgery

OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity, but it is unknown if outcomes differ between adults with early- versus adult-onset obesity. We investigated how obesity status at 20 years of age affects outcomes after bariatric surgery later in life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Swedish Obese Subjects study is a prospective matched study performed at 25 surgical departments and

OBJECTIVE The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and its observational follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) demonstrated the dominant role of glycemia, second only to age, as a risk factor for a first cardiovascular event in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We now investigate the association between established risk factors and the total cardiovascular disease

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of epigenetics in statins' diabetogenic effect comparing DNA methylation (DNAm) between statin users and nonusers in an epigenome-wide association study in blood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Five cohort studies' participants (n = 8,270) were classified as statin users when they were on statin therapy at the time of DNAm assessment with Illumina 450K or EPIC array or

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to reveal the associations between the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus and the duration of antidepressant use and the antidepressant dose, and between antidepressant use after diabetes onset and clinical outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this large-scale retrospective cohort study in Japan, new users of antidepressants (exposure group) and nonusers (nonexposure

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether high glucose levels in the normoglycemic range and higher have a causal genetic effect on risk of retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and myocardial infarction (MI; positive control) in the general population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study applied observational and one-sample Mendelian randomization

OBJECTIVE Diabetes camps are beneficial for campers and include benefits such as increases in diabetes knowledge, glycemic control, and psychological functioning. Racial/ethnic minority youth are likely to have poorer disease management and glycemic control. We hypothesized that minority youth with type 1 diabetes have reduced participation in diabetes summer camps. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed

OBJECTIVE To compare neonatal hypoglycemia and respiratory morbidity rates in pregnancies complicated by diabetes following early term scheduled cesarean section (ETSCS) with and without maternal corticosteroid administration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study of women with any form of diabetes in pregnancy undergoing ETSCS were included. Primary outcomes were admission rates

OBJECTIVE Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in HNF1A cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Affected individuals can be treated with low-dose sulphonylureas. Individuals with homozygous HNF1A mutations causing MODY have not been reported. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We phenotyped a kindred with young-onset diabetes and performed molecular genetic testing, a mixed meal tolerance test

OBJECTIVE Most individuals with two or more islet autoantibodies progress to clinical type 1 diabetes. However, in some individuals, autoantibodies are subsequently lost. Here, our objectives were to determine the frequency of autoantibody loss (reversion) in multiple-autoantibody-positive individuals and to determine the association between reversion and progression to clinical disease. RESEARCH DESIGN

OBJECTIVE Cutaneous adverse events (CAE) from FreeStyle Libre include allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by the allergen isobornyl acrylate (IBOA). We aim to report CAE from this glucose sensor, ACD to IBOA in particular, and the outcome of using barrier films as a prevention. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A monocentric, retrospective review of medical files from adult and pediatric patients with

OBJECTIVE There is a paucity of data evaluating recent changes in clinical and prescriber characteristics of patients initiating sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS U.S.-based administrative-claims data (July 2013 to June 2018) were used to identify initiators of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA. RESULTS Over 5 years

BACKGROUND Identifying patients at high risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) helps improve clinical outcome. PURPOSE To establish a model for predicting DKD. DATA SOURCES The derivation cohort was from a meta-analysis. The validation cohort was from a Chinese cohort. STUDY SELECTION Cohort studies that reported risk factors of DKD with their corresponding risk ratios (RRs) in patients with type 2

A committee was inadvertently omitted from the list of Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group personnel published in the online Supplementary Data of this article (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0593). The Supplementary Data have been amended and the corrected version appears at https://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc19-0593/-/DC1.

American Diabetes Association “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” is based on a complete review of the relevant literature by a diverse group of highly trained clinicians and researchers. After weighing the quality of evidence, from rigorous double-blind clinical trials to expert opinion, recommendations are drafted, reviewed, and submitted for approval to the American Diabetes Association Executive

The epidemic of diabetes continues to grow, with recent prevalence estimates of 12% among U.S. adults. Though type 2 diabetes is associated with a two- to fourfold heightened risk of cardiovascular disease, this risk is heterogeneously distributed (1). Thus, markers of cardiovascular risk beyond traditional risk factors are needed. Prior efforts to incorporate novel blood biomarkers in risk prediction

In the January 2020 issue of Diabetes Care, Šoupal et al. (1) provided convincing evidence that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by itself is superior to self-monitoring of blood glucose in reducing HbA1c and hypoglycemia, whatever the type of insulin delivery, i.e., continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injections (MDI). Although we agree with the conclusions that CGM

We thank Telliam and Thivolet (1) for their interest in our study of the use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) versus self-monitoring of blood glucose with insulin pumps and multiple daily insulin injection (MDI) therapy. However, we have some questions about their study findings.

OBJECTIVE To study whether the effects of intensive glycemic control on major vascular outcomes (a composite of major macrovascular and major microvascular events), all-cause mortality, and severe hypoglycemia events differ among participants with different levels of 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at baseline. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We

OBJECTIVE To examine differences in myocardial blood flow (MBF) at rest and during stress between patients with type 2 diabetes and controls, and to identify potential predictors of changes in MBF at rest and during stress. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 193 patients with type 2 diabetes and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was used in order

OBJECTIVE Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition causes an increase in endogenous glucose production (EGP). However, the mechanisms are unclear. We studied the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on EGP in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and without diabetes (non-DM) in kidney transplant recipients with renal denervation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fourteen subjects who received a renal transplant

OBJECTIVE Neonatal diabetes has been shown to be associated with high neuropsychiatric morbidity in a genotype-phenotype-dependent manner. However, the specific impact of different mutations on intellectual functioning is still insufficiently characterized. Specifically, only a small number of subjects with developmental delay have been comprehensively assessed, creating a knowledge gap about patients

OBJECTIVE To characterize the status of cardiometabolic risk factors after late relapse of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify factors predicting relapse after initial diabetes remission following bariatric surgery to construct prediction models for clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Outcomes of 736 patients with T2DM who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy