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Generative AI in scientific publishing: disruptive or destructive? Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Riccardo Bertolo, Alessandro Antonelli
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize scientific publishing. The influence of AI could be disruptive or destructive and its influence remains to be seen, but balance between the convenience and accessibility offered by AI-driven tools and the essential skills of deep scientific inquiry and communication needs to be found.
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Idea sprint: generating research priorities for urinary stone disease Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Golena Fernandez Moncaleano, William W. Roberts, John D. Denstedt, Khurshid R. Ghani
The escalating global prevalence of urinary stone disease and its impact on public health reflects the need to synthesize ideas that can help with the development of critical research priorities. By bringing together a forum of endourologists with the support of a funding agency, the IDEA session aimed to identify important future research topics.
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Genetic and biological drivers of prostate cancer disparities in Black men Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Jun Gong, Daniel M. Kim, Michael R. Freeman, Hyung Kim, Leigh Ellis, Bethany Smith, Dan Theodorescu, Edwin Posadas, Robert Figlin, Neil Bhowmick, Stephen J. Freedland
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Resolving the puzzle of same-sex sexual interactions Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 C. Ruth Archer, David J. Hosken
Sexual interactions between members of the same sex are common but the reasons for these behaviours are not always clear. Results from a study across mammals suggest that increased same-sex behaviour evolved with sociality and might reduce conflict, although increased male–male sexual interactions are associated with increased adult killing.
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Bladder-sparing neoadjuvant therapy for MIBC Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Louise Stone
Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) could avoid undergoing radical cystectomy (the current standard-of-care treatment) and its associated morbidity if they achieve a clinical complete response (cCR) on neoadjuvant combination treatment consisting of four cycles of gemcitabine, cisplatin and nivolumab.
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Prognostic and therapeutic potential of senescent stromal fibroblasts in prostate cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Joakin O. Mori, Isra Elhussin, W. Nathaniel Brennen, Mindy K. Graham, Tamara L. Lotan, Clayton C. Yates, Angelo M. De Marzo, Samuel R. Denmeade, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, William G. Nelson, Gerald V. Denis, Elizabeth A. Platz, Alan K. Meeker, Christopher M. Heaphy
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Hallmark discoveries in the biology of Wilms tumour Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Daniela Perotti, Richard D. Williams, Jenny Wegert, Jack Brzezinski, Mariana Maschietto, Sara Ciceri, David Gisselsson, Samantha Gadd, Amy L. Walz, Rhoikos Furtwaengler, Jarno Drost, Reem Al-Saadi, Nicholas Evageliou, Saskia L. Gooskens, Andrew L. Hong, Andrew J. Murphy, Michael V. Ortiz, Maureen J. O’Sullivan, Elizabeth A. Mullen, Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Conrad V. Fernandez, Norbert Graf
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Family dynamics: fathers’ smoking affects children’s epigenetics Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Louise Stone
New research has shown that fathers’ preconception smoking behaviour can affect DNA methylation in their children. This observation has implications for offspring and public health.
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Frequency, morbidity and equity — the case for increased research on male fertility Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Sarah Kimmins, Richard A. Anderson, Christopher L. R. Barratt, Hermann M. Behre, Sarah R. Catford, Christopher J. De Jonge, Geraldine Delbes, Michael L. Eisenberg, Nicolas Garrido, Brendan J. Houston, Niels Jørgensen, Csilla Krausz, Ariane Lismer, Robert I. McLachlan, Suks Minhas, Tim Moss, Allan Pacey, Lærke Priskorn, Stefan Schlatt, Jacquetta Trasler, Leonardo Trasande, Frank Tüttelmann, Mónica Hebe
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Unlocking the mystery of the human Y chromosome Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Miguel G. Rojas, Edoardo Pozzi, Ranjith Ramasamy
Much of the Y chromosome has remained obscure owing to the challenge of sequencing repetitive genomic regions. Recently, the Y chromosome has been fully sequenced, revealing extensive heterochromatic areas and 41 new protein-coding genes. Furthermore, 43 Y chromosomes have been sequenced, showing extensive multi-sample variation and providing promising insights into male infertility.
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Kidney xenotransplantation Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Louise Stone
The successful transplantation of a transgenic kidney from a pig to a human has been described by two surgical teams. Xenotransplantation, if successful in the long term, is one possible solution to the scarcity of kidneys for people who require a transplant.
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Diagnostic liquid biopsy biomarkers in renal cell cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Richard C. Zieren, Patricia J. Zondervan, Kenneth J. Pienta, Axel Bex, Theo M. de Reijke, Adriaan D. Bins
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Improved phenotypic classification of male infertility to promote discovery of genetic causes Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Margot J. Wyrwoll, Godfried W. van der Heijden, Csilla Krausz, Kenneth I. Aston, Sabine Kliesch, Robert McLachlan, Liliana Ramos, Donald F. Conrad, Moira K. O’Bryan, Joris A. Veltman, Frank Tüttelmann
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Feasibility and potential of an MRI-based prostate cancer screening Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Maria Chiara Masone
Prostate cancer screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) followed by biopsy has been shown to reduce mortality but results in overdiagnosis and overtreatment in a substantial percentage of patients.
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Accessing information in the AI age Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Louise Stone
Online sources are increasingly being used by patients to obtain medical information. The newest of these resources, artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, are becoming ever more popular tools with the public and could be accurate sources of information. Another accessible and approachable format is the podcast. However, the veracity and utility of these sources of information need investigation.
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Proteomic-based analysis of testicular interstitial fluid Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Maria Chiara Masone
Proteomic-based approaches are increasingly being used to assess alterations in the proteomic profile of seminal plasma in men with infertility with the aim to characterize the molecular pathways responsible for altered spermatogenesis and identify potential biomarkers. However, testes are responsible for a limited portion of the seminal plasma proteome, and limited information is available about dysregulations
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A fully transperineal approach for prostate biospy Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Maria Chiara Masone
Transperineal (TP) biopsy for prostate cancer shows similar cancer detection rates to those obtained with transrectal (TR) biopsy but has the advantage of reducing infections. However, TP biopsy is performed using a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe to guide the needle, which might cause discomfort and is still associated with the disadvantages and complications of a TR procedure.
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A clinical guide to rare male sexual disorders Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Murat Gül, Mikkel Fode, Ahmet Urkmez, Paolo Capogrosso, Marco Falcone, Selcuk Sarikaya, Ioannis Sokolakis, Afonso Morgado, Andrey Morozov, Maarten Albersen, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Ege Can Serefoglu
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PSMA-targeted fluorescence guidance for robotic-assisted prostatectomy Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Fabian Falkenbach, Tobias Maurer
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Turning up the heat: CTLA4 blockade in urothelial cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Chantal F. Stockem, Matthew D. Galsky, Michiel S. van der Heijden
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Bioinformatics in urology — molecular characterization of pathophysiology and response to treatment Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Ali Hashemi Gheinani, Jina Kim, Sungyong You, Rosalyn M. Adam
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The sex gap in bladder cancer survival — a missing link in bladder cancer care? Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Paul Toren, Anna Wilkins, Keval Patel, Amy Burley, Typhaine Gris, Roger Kockelbergh, Taha Lodhi, Ananya Choudhury, Richard T. Bryan
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Bladder cancer oligometastases — definition and treatment Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 Laura S. Mertens, Sarah P. Psutka, Maria Carmen Mir
Oligometastatic bladder cancer, defined as a cancer with limited metastases, is a potential target for curative metastasis-directed therapy in a multidisciplinary framework. The consensus definition of oligometastatic bladder cancer is a valuable starting point for clinical trials, but challenges remain in accurately characterizing metastatic burden with current imaging modalities and determining optimal
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Subtypes in small cell bladder cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Louise Stone
Lineage-specific, transcriptional factor-defined molecular subtypes have been identified in small cell bladder cancer (SCBC).
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Proteomic characterization of bladder cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Louise Stone
Proteomic characterization of bladder cancer has revealed five distinct groups.
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The magic of MagSToNE Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Louise Stone
A new technology, magnetic system for total nephrolith extraction (MagSToNE), has been presented in Nature Communications. MagSToNE improves the efficiency of stone fragment clearance by magnetizing kidney stones using a magnetic hydrogel and guidewire.
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New insights into APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis in prostate cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Maria Chiara Masone
Increased mutagenesis mediated by the deaminase APOBEC is a common feature of many cancers and drives tumour heterogeneity and, in turn, therapy resistance.
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Nicardipine inhibits chemoresistance in prostate cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Maria Chiara Masone
In a new study published in the British Journal of Cancer, a phenotypic screening was carried out in two prostate cancer cell models to discover novel inhibitors of chemoresistance. The anti-hypertensive drug nicardipine emerged as a potent inhibitor of chemoresistant prostate cancer cells. Nicardipine was shown to be a putative inhibitor of EDD, a subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Coherently
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Tuft cells in prostate cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Maria Chiara Masone
Tuft cells are chemosensory cells that increase in number following an injury or disease — including tumours — and activate innate immunity. In a study published in Oncogene, tuft cells were observed for the first time in mouse models of prostate cancer. Tuft cell markers were upregulated in old mice and in mice with increased disease severity. Importantly, tuft cells were found in samples from patients
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Platin-L improves cisplatin resistance Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Maria Chiara Masone
Resistance to cisplatin, one of the most widely used chemotherapeutics, is often reported in prostate cancer. In a study published in ACS Central Science, the authors found that Platin-L, a cisplatin prodrug, inhibits fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in prostate cancer cells by interacting with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), a crucial enzyme in fat metabolism. Prostate cancer cells switch from
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PROMISE V2 — something new, something old and something borrowed Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Daniel Koehler
Prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET has become a valuable diagnostic tool. The second version of the Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation framework is the next step towards a standardized evaluation and reporting system from primary staging to reassessment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Artificial intelligence and urology: ethical considerations for urologists and patients Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Giovanni E. Cacciamani, Andrew Chen, Inderbir S. Gill, Andrew J. Hung
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The potential role of the microbiota in prostate cancer pathogenesis and treatment Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Nicolò Pernigoni, Christina Guo, Lewis Gallagher, Wei Yuan, Manuel Colucci, Martina Troiani, Lei Liu, Luisa Maraccani, Ilaria Guccini, Denis Migliorini, Johann de Bono, Andrea Alimonti
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Smoking, ethnicity and bladder cancer — implications for public health and clinical practice Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Ekaterina Laukhtina, Shahrokh F. Shariat
The relationship between smoking, ethnicity and bladder cancer is complex and multifaceted, with substantial public and personal health as well as clinical implications. New evidence supports that targeted smoking cessation efforts among high-risk populations could reduce the burden of bladder cancer.
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BAUS23 — shining a spotlight on important issues Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Louise Stone
Between 19 and 21 June 2023, more than 1,350 attendees gathered in Birmingham, UK, for the annual meeting of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS). Building on themes evident from last year’s meeting, the programme shone a spotlight on pressing current issues, including the language used in various aspects of urological practice, providing effective transitional care for children with
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Effects of the environment on the evolution of the vertebrate urinary tract Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Scott V. Wiener
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A new role for the Y chromosome in cancer growth and immunotherapy response Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-11 Annette Fenner
Despite evidence that loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) occurs in up to 40% of bladder cancers, the biological significance of this event has been elusive. However, new data published in Nature suggest that the Y chromosome might be involved in tumour aggressiveness in bladder cancer, providing a putative mechanism for sex-related differences in this cancer type and, potentially, offering a treatment
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From mucosal infection to successful cancer immunotherapy Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-11 Anne-Gaëlle Goubet, Mathieu Rouanne, Lisa Derosa, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel
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Metabolic alterations drive enzalutamide resistance Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Maria Chiara Masone
The development of second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, such as enzalutamide, considerably improved oncological outcomes in patients with prostate cancer, but therapy resistance hampers the efficacy of these therapeutics. In a study published in Oncogene, metabolic profiling was carried out in different prostate cancer models to characterize the metabolic mechanisms underlying enzalutamide
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PARP inhibitors plus enzalutamide to treat mCRPC Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Maria Chiara Masone
Current standard of care for first-line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) consists of anti-androgens, but combination therapies with novel agents such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are increasingly being tested to overcome therapy resistance.
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Choice of fluid affects DGF in transplant recipients Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Maria Chiara Masone
People who receive a kidney transplant are at risk of delayed graft function (DGF), which is dependent on ischaemia–reperfusion injury, and is defined as the requirement of dialysis within the first week after transplant.
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Diagnosis and management of indeterminate testicular lesions Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Stefanie M. Croghan, Jamil W. Malak, Pat Rohan, Caoimhe Byrne, Andrew McGrath, Ivor M. Cullen, Niall F. Davis
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Body fluid-derived stem cells — an untapped stem cell source in genitourinary regeneration Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Ru-Lin Huang, Qingfeng Li, Jian-Xing Ma, Anthony Atala, Yuanyuan Zhang
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Understanding and integrating cytoreductive nephrectomy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the management of metastatic RCC Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-03 Arighno Das, Daniel D. Shapiro, Juliana K. Craig, E. Jason Abel
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Clinical trial design for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Wei Shen Tan, Emma Hall, Ashish M. Kamat, John D. Kelly
The heterogeneous nature of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a challenge for clinical trial design. Careful consideration in clinical trial design, choice of end points and adequate patient characterization is important when evaluating new therapies.
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Effect of smoking, hypertension and lifestyle factors on kidney cancer — perspectives for prevention and screening programmes Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Riccardo Campi, Giacomo Rebez, Tobias Klatte, Eduard Roussel, Idir Ouizad, Alexander Ingels, Nicola Pavan, Onder Kara, Selcuk Erdem, Riccardo Bertolo, Umberto Capitanio, Maria Carmen Mir
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Women in urology: the past Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Louise Stone
Trends and patterns in the participation of women in the paediatric urology sessions at the European Association of Urology (EAU) and European Society for Paediatric Urology (ESPU) meetings over the past decade have been reported. Objective data on representation of women at the EAU and ESPU meetings between 2012 and 2022 were obtained and the man-to-woman ratio was analysed.
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Power up to investigate PrEP Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Annette Fenner
Black African American cisgender heterosexual women are disproportionately affected by HIV, but prescriptions for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) do not reflect this situation. Few studies of PrEP have been specifically designed to investigate women; thus, the PrEP Optimization among Women to Enhance Retention and Uptake (POWER Up) study has been initiated to assess implementation strategies to improve
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Women in urology: the future Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Louise Stone
A team in Cleveland has undertaken a study to project the future participation of women in the urology workforce in the USA and has developed an interactive app to enable exploration of outcomes under varying circumstances.
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Men hold the balance of power Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Annette Fenner
A study to characterize the demographics, educational background and scholarly characteristics of current urology residency programme directors (PDs) illustrates the lack of gender balance in the field. Urology programmes were identified from the American Urological Association website as of October 2021, while demographic and academic data were collected via publicly available websites and search
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Doxycycline-PEP — novel and promising but needs monitoring Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-05 Magnus Unemo, Fabian Yuh Shiong Kong
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain public health concerns. Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent STIs is a novel promising intervention, which in a new study caused an ∼65% reduction in incident STIs. However, long-term effects on STI prevalence, microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance among STI pathogens, non-STI pathogens and commensals need to be monitored.
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Serum tumour markers for testicular cancer recurrence Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-30 Matthew J. Murray, Cinzia G. Scarpini, Nicholas Coleman
The current serum tumour markers α-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin, and lactate dehydrogenase show limited value for testicular cancer relapse detection. A recent study highlights that false-positive elevations in follow-up monitoring are common and, conversely, many patients do not have elevations despite proven relapse. These findings highlight the potential for circulating microRNAs to
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Current state and future considerations for home uroflowmetry Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-30 Zoe S. Gan, Stephen A. Zderic
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Urine biomarkers in bladder cancer — current status and future perspectives Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-24 Moritz Maas, Tilman Todenhöfer, Peter C. Black
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Prostate cancer is not just a man’s concern — the use of PSA screening in transgender women Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 Farnoosh Nik-Ahd, Jennifer T. Anger, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Stephen J. Freedland
Transgender women remain at risk of prostate cancer and warrant consideration for PSA screening. However, current PSA reference ranges and guidelines are based on data from cisgender men. As these thresholds might be inappropriate in transgender women receiving gender-affirming hormones, we recommend that these patients should undergo screening for prostate cancer at regular intervals and further evaluation
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Sexual health and treatment-related sexual dysfunction in sexual and gender minorities with prostate cancer Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 Daniel R. Dickstein, Collin R. Edwards, Eric J. Lehrer, Elizabeth S. Tarras, Matthew Gallitto, John Sfakianos, Matthew D. Galsky, Richard Stock, Joshua D. Safer, B. R. Simon Rosser, Deborah C. Marshall
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High-intensity theatre (HIT) lists to tackle the elective surgery backlog Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Marc A. Furrer, Imran Ahmad, Jonathan Noel, Kariem El-Boghdadly, Ben Challacombe
High intensity theatre (HIT) lists are an efficient and effective measure to tackle elective surgery backlogs without compromising outcomes and safety compared with traditional elective lists. A recent pilot trial in standard and complex urological surgery at a tertiary hospital in the UK proved successful for both the patients and the staff involved.
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Obesity and prostate cancer — microenvironmental roles of adipose tissue Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Achinto Saha, Mikhail G. Kolonin, John DiGiovanni
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The prostatic middle lobe: clinical significance, presentation and management Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Sammy Gharbieh, Fairleigh Reeves, Ben Challacombe
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AUA returns to its former glory in Chicago. Nat. Rev. Urol. (IF 15.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Maria Chiara Masone