Purpose This study aimed to investigate the role of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in survival prediction of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) patients undergoing lung transplantation (LTx). Methods Eighty-three patients with ILD who underwent LTx were retrospectively included in this study, among whom 43 received unilateral LTx and 40 received

Purpose The poor prognosis of glioblastoma is mostly due to the relatively low tumor vascular permeability to therapeutics, the tumor’s vicinity to the brain, that limits treatment aggressiveness, and/or drug resistance. Methods In this study, the efficacy of systemically injected actinium-225 dendrimer-radioconjugates was evaluated in an immune-competent orthotopic GL261-C57BL/6 mouse model after

Purpose Post-COVID-19 lung disease (PCLD) is a significant concern following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. PCLD encompasses persistent debilitating respiratory symptoms and radiological changes beyond the acute disease phase. It highlights the ongoing search to identify and manage lingering diseases. This prospective study utilizes F18-Fludeoxyglucose (FDG)

Purpose In this study, we investigated the utility of a novel developed anti-CEACAM5 VHH for cancer diagnosis and its potential of being a targeting-moiety of VHH-drug conjugates for cancer therapy. Methods Anti-CEACAM5 VHH (6B11) affinity and specific cellular binding was confirmed by ELISA, FACS and immunofluorescence in cancer cell lines with varying CEACAM5 expression levels. Intracellular penetration

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of pre- and post-infusion 18F-FDG PET/CT for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma B-NHL) patients treated with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells. Methods B-NHL patients who received CAR-T therapy and underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination one month before (pre-infusion) and after (M1) CAR-T infusion were collected and regularly followed up. Maximum

Purpose Imaging markers for lung-brain interaction and brain metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are lacking. This study aimed to explore the effect of NSCLC on brain glucose metabolism using total-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Methods Fifty-six healthy controls (HCs) and 42 NSCLC patients underwent total-body PET imaging. Concentrations of serum tumor markers were obtained

Purpose Gallium-68 (68Ga)-labeled [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-T4 immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) holds great promise as a non-invasive technique for visualizing the expression of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2). This approach may potentially assist in making clinical decisions regarding TROP2-targeted therapies. The present study aims to evaluate the utility of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-T4 PET/CT

Purpose The role of hepatobiliary contrast-enhanced imaging in the evaluation of liver malignancies in FDG-PET/MR remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of stand-alone FDG-PET, non-contrast-enhanced (NCE) PET/MR, and contrast-enhanced (CE) PET/MR with and without hepatobiliary phase (HBP). Methods This prospective, single-center diagnostic accuracy study

The study of the human phenome is essential for understanding the complexities of wellness and disease and their transitions, with molecular imaging being a vital tool in this exploration. Molecular imaging embodies the 4 principles of human phenomics: precise measurement, accurate calculation or analysis, well-controlled manipulation or intervention, and innovative invention or creation. Its application

This phase 1, dose-escalation study examined the use of the radiolabeled antibody 124I-Omburtamab delivered directly to brain-stem tumors via convection-enhanced delivery (CED). CED bypasses the blood–brain barrier by injecting the agent under the pressure of a peristaltic pump to convectively drive the therapeutic agent through the brain tissue and tumor compartment, enabling high concentrations at

Visual Abstract

The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in various cancers, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, small cell and non–small cell lung cancer, uterine and ovarian cancer, colon cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This makes GRPR a multicancer target for theranostics, that is, molecular imaging and therapy. Here, we explore the current state of GRPR-targeted theranostics

μ-opioid receptors (MORs) are G-coupled receptors widely expressed in the brain and body. MORs have a high affinity for both endogenous opioids such as β-endorphins and exogenous opioids such as fentanyl. They mediate pain and reward and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of opioid, cocaine, and other substance use disorders. Using an instrument with a long axial field of view and the MOR-selective

Phosphodiesterase type 4 subtype B (PDE4B) selectively hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate to enact numerous downstream signaling events. PDE4B is widely expressed in the brain and is implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, PDE4B inhibition shows antiinflammatory and antidepressant-like effects in animal studies. [18F]PF-06445974 has been developed to image human brain PDE4B

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–targeted antibody–drug conjugate, demonstrated remarkable efficacy in previously treated patients with HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (mBC), marking a new therapeutic option for this patient population. Prior studies with HER2 PET using 89Zr-radiolabeled antibodies were limited by high rates of imaging false positives

Visual Abstract

Introduction P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug-resistance protein is one of the most extensively studied efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Changes in P-gp function are associated with several neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia and with the bioavailability of several pharmaceuticals in the brain, causing

Purpose To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 177Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy (PRLT) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in Germany by comparing (I) PRLT plus standard-of-care (SoC) versus SoC alone as third-line treatment and (II) PRLT versus second-line cabazitaxel chemotherapy. Methods Cohort state-transition models were developed with (I) four health states (treatment

Purpose Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in breast cancer is progressing rapidly, asking for precise categorization of HER2 expression. Our aim was to explore the HER2-affibody uptake characteristics in breast cancer and to find potential biomarkers for differentiating HER2 status, in comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT. Methods In this prospective

Purpose Rejection, especially chronic rejection is a key factor influencing the prognosis of kidney transplantation patients. While 18F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04 PET/CT has been widely utilized for diagnosing various diseases, its diagnostic efficacy in kidney transplant rejection remains unexplored. Methods In this study, 24 kidney transplant recipients were prospectively enrolled

Background Immunotherapy based on programmed cell death protein receptor 1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) has become an important method for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Peptide-based and nanobody-based PET tracers offer potential advantages in PD-L1 detection, yet their comparative tumor uptake and biodistribution remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and compare [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-WL12

Purpose This study aimed to develop a predictive model that integrates parameters derived from preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT for reliably predicting pathological upgrading from systematic biopsy (SB) to radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. Methods We ultimately retrospectively analyzed 163 patients with biopsy-confirmed localized prostate

Multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MC-MRI) plays a crucial role in clinical practice. However, its performance is hindered by long scanning times and the isolation between image acquisition and downstream clinical diagnoses/treatments. Despite the activated research on accelerated MC-MRI, few existing studies prioritize personalized imaging tailored to individual patient characteristics and

Purpose To evaluate tumour and normal organ dosimetry of PSMA-targeted RLT 177Lu-rhPSMA-10.1. Methods PSMA-positive mCRPC patients experiencing disease progression following standard-of-care treatment were enrolled and underwent ≤ 3 cycles of 5.55 or 7.40 GBq 177Lu-rhPSMA-10.1 at 6-week intervals. Multi-bed SPECT/CT was conducted 3-, 24-, 48-, and 168-hours post-administration to calculate tumour and

Purpose The intricateness of tumor immune microenvironment types (TIMTs) complicates identifying responders to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Our purpose was to explore the metabolic characteristics of TIMTs in breast cancer using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT and to establish radiomics-based predictive models for TIMTs. Methods Consecutive 207 breast cancer patients (211 primary lesions)

Purpose Although neuroinflammation may play a key role in the pathology of migraine and its progression to chronic migraine (CM), its specific involvement-particularly the role of microglia- remains unclear. We investigated whether neuroinflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of CM and whether pro-inflammatory signals are associated with its clinical features. Methods Nineteen individuals with

Purpose Radioligand therapy (RLT) targeting PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) has transformed the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, bone marrow depletion remains a common side effect, particularly in patients with extensive bone metastases or prior myelotoxic therapies. This study evaluated [99mTc]Tc-antigranulocyte scintigraphy to assess bone marrow

Medical image segmentation is a pivotal task within the realms of medical image analysis and computer vision. While current methods have shown promise in accurately segmenting major regions of interest, the precise segmentation of boundary areas remains challenging. In this study, we propose a novel network architecture named CTO, which combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Vision Transformer

Medical image registration is a crucial process for aligning anatomical structures, enabling applications such as atlas mapping, longitudinal analysis, and multimodal data fusion. This paper introduces DINO-Reg, an adaptation-free registration method leveraging the vision foundation model, DINOv2, to extract features for deformable 3D medical image alignment. Although DINOv2 was originally trained

The translation of imaging Mueller polarimetry to clinical practice is often hindered by large footprint and relatively slow acquisition speed of the existing instruments. Using polarization-sensitive camera as a detector may reduce instrument dimensions and allow data streaming at video rate. However, only the first three rows of a complete 4×4 Mueller matrix can be measured. To overcome this hurdle

Background Amyloidosis is a systemic disorder characterized by amyloid fibril deposition in multiple organs, including the heart, brain, liver, kidneys, and lungs, leading to organ dysfunction and affecting survival. In cardiac amyloidosis (CA), where the heart is primarily affected, the broader impact on other organs, particularly the brain, is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the

Background and aim The positive detection rate of MRI in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) patients is low, often failing to make a rapid and accurate localization diagnosis. Both 18F-DPA714 and 18F-FDG PET imaging techniques have shown their advantages in the diagnosis of AIE. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a head-to-head comparison of the diagnostic value between 18F-DPA714 and 18F-FDG

Introduction PET imaging is a key diagnostic procedure in clinical routine worldwide. While public figures on PET volume are available in many countries, until now these numbers were not publicly known for Germany. Methods On behalf of the PET committee of the German Society of Nuclear Medicine, we conducted a comprehensive survey among PET centers in Germany to collect data on PET imaging, including

Virtual Imaging Trials (VIT) offer a cost-effective and scalable approach for evaluating medical imaging technologies. Computational phantoms, which mimic real patient anatomy and physiology, play a central role in VITs. However, the current libraries of computational phantoms face limitations, particularly in terms of sample size and heterogeneity. Insufficient representation of the population hampers

Purpose Some Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients report gastro-intestinal symptoms and present alterations in the gut microbiota (GM) composition. Elevated colonic amyloid immunoreactivity has been shown in patients and animal models. We evaluated the colonic uptake of the amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent [18F]flutemetamol (FMM) in a memory clinic population and investigated its

The recent popularity of foundation models and the pre-train-and-adapt paradigm, where a large-scale model is transferred to downstream tasks, is gaining attention for volumetric medical image segmentation. However, current transfer learning strategies devoted to full fine-tuning for transfer learning may require significant resources and yield sub-optimal results when the labeled data of the target

In this paper, we introduce the Visual Query-based task of Video Clip Localization (VQ-VCL) for medical video understanding. Specifically, we aim to retrieve a video clip containing frames similar to a given exemplar frame from a given input video. To solve the task, we propose a novel visual query-based video clip localization model called TIER-LOC. TIER-LOC is designed to improve video clip retrieval

Clinical data warehouses, which have arisen over the last decade, bring together the medical data of millions of patients and offer the potential to train and validate machine learning models in real-world scenarios. The quality of MRIs collected in clinical data warehouses differs significantly from that generally observed in research datasets, reflecting the variability inherent to clinical practice

Deep Learning in Image Registration (DLIR) methods have been tremendously successful in image registration due to their speed and ability to incorporate weak label supervision at training time. However, existing DLIR methods forego many of the benefits and invariances of optimization methods. The lack of a task-specific inductive bias in DLIR methods leads to suboptimal performance, especially in the

Cerenkov (or Cherenkov) luminescence occurs when charged particles exceed the phase velocity of a given medium. Cerenkov as a modality has gained interest for visualization of numerous radionuclides. However, reported Cerenkov intensities are limited or provided as theoretic fluence estimates. Here, we present the largest experimental dataset of Cerenkov-emitting radionuclides using the in vivo imaging

We introduce a unique bioanalytic hybrid system for the preclinical assessment of radiotracer candidates, combining a 3-dimensional cell culture on an artificial extracellular matrix functioning as a stationary phase and a chromatographiclike system array. Methods: Silk fibroin sponges were applied to simulate an extracellular matrix and to function as a stationary phase. Different cell lines were

The coinfusion of amino acids with targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy aims to reduce renal toxicity. Unfortunately, this requires a prolonged, large-volume infusion and often results in side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and hyperkalemia. Sodium paraaminohippurate is a nontoxic compound that has historically been used to measure renal plasma flow. It is excreted by the kidneys via glomerular

Measuring total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) on 18F-FDG PET/CT images in clinical practice requires a fast, reliable, and easy-to-perform multilesional segmentation workflow. We conducted a field test to derive total metabolic volumes using 5 representative baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT scans from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The scans were transferred to 10 different sites or readers who

This study investigated the added value of using maximum-intensity projection (MIP) images for fully automatic segmentation of lesions using deep learning (DL) in [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scans. Methods: We used 489 staging [18F]FDG PET/CT scans from patients diagnosed with melanoma, lymphoma, or lung cancer (391 scans for training and 98 for internal testing)

Preclinical and clinical studies increasingly show that the immune response plays a major role in radiotherapy. Here, we investigated the role of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules recognized by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the response to radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT). Methods: Two murine melanoma cell lines that express low and high MHC-I levels (B16F10 and B16K1, respectively)

Single-time-point (STP) image-based dosimetry offers a more convenient approach for clinical practice in radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) compared with conventional multiple-time-point image-based dosimetry. Despite numerous advancements, current STP methods are limited by the need for strict and late timing in data acquisition, posing challenges in routine clinical settings. This study introduces

Absorbed doses (ADs) may be calculated through serial conventional SPECT imaging after therapeutic [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE injection but with recording times too long for clinical routine. The aim of this study was to determine whether activity concentrations and ADs calculated from a high-speed whole-body 360° cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT) SPECT camera are comparable to those provided by conventional SPECT