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Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy in Australia, 2020-22 Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Tim Adair, Brian Houle, Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Background Australia provides a valuable international case study of life expectancy during the pandemic. In contrast to many other countries, it experienced relatively stringent restrictions and low COVID-19 mortality during 2020–21, followed by relaxation of these restrictions when high vaccination rates were achieved. This study measures Australia’s life expectancy trends and the contributions of
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Extreme temperature events and dementia mortality in Chinese adults: a population-based, case-crossover study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Tingting Liu, Chunxiang Shi, Jing Wei, Ruijun Xu, Yingxin Li, Rui Wang, Wenfeng Lu, Likun Liu, Chenghui Zhong, Zihua Zhong, Yi Zheng, Tingting Wang, Sihan Hou, Ziquan Lv, Suli Huang, Gongbo Chen, Yun Zhou, Hong Sun, Yuewei Liu
Background The effect of exposure to extreme temperature events (ETEs) on dementia mortality remains largely unknown. We aimed to quantify the association of ETE exposure with dementia mortality. Methods We conducted a population-based, case-crossover study among 57 791 dementia deaths in Jiangsu province, China, during 2015–20. Daily mean temperatures were extracted from a validated grid dataset at
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Safety of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac during pregnancy on birth outcomes and neonatal mortality: a cohort study from Brazil Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Pilar Tavares Veras Florentino, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Luciana Freire De Carvalho, Flávia Jôse Oliveira Alves, Vinicius De Araújo Oliveira, Gislani Mateus Oliveira Aguilar, Rodrigo De Sousa Prado, Daniel Soranz, Neil Pearce, Viviane Boaventura, Guilherme Loreiro Werneck, Gerson Oliveira Penna, Mauricio Lima Barreto, Márcio Henrique De Oliveira Garcia, Manoel Barral-Netto, Enny Santos da Paixão
Background COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to protect pregnant individuals against mild and severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, limited safety data are available for inactivated (CoronaVac) and mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccines during pregnancy regarding their effect on birth outcomes and neonatal mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based
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Software Application Profile: dynamicLM—a tool for performing dynamic risk prediction using a landmark supermodel for survival data under competing risks Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Anya H Fries, Eunji Choi, Julie T Wu, Justin H Lee, Victoria Y Ding, Robert J Huang, Su-Ying Liang, Heather A Wakelee, Lynne R Wilkens, Iona Cheng, Summer S Han
Motivation Providing a dynamic assessment of prognosis is essential for improved personalized medicine. The landmark model for survival data provides a potentially powerful solution to the dynamic prediction of disease progression. However, a general framework and a flexible implementation of the model that incorporates various outcomes, such as competing events, have been lacking. We present an R
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Trajectories of kidney function and risk of mortality Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Anna C van der Burgh, Sanaz Sedaghat, M Arfan Ikram, Ewout J Hoorn, Layal Chaker
Background We aimed to identify patterns within the rate of kidney function decline, determinants of these patterns and their association with all-cause mortality risk in the general population. Methods Participants aged ≥ 45 years with at least one assessment of creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) taken between 1997 and 2018 were selected from a population-based cohort study
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Cancer risk in the siblings of individuals with major birth defects: a large Nordic population-based case-control study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Dagrun Slettebø Daltveit, Kari Klungsøyr, Anders Engeland, Anders Ekbom, Mika Gissler, Ingrid Glimelius, Tom Grotmol, Laura Madanat-Harjuoja, Anne Gulbech Ording, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Rebecca Troisi, Tone Bjørge
Background Individuals with major birth defects are at increased risk of developing cancer, indicating a common aetiology. However, whether the siblings of individuals with birth defects are also at an increased risk of cancer is unclear. Methods We used nationwide health registries in four Nordic countries and conducted a nested case-control study. We included 40 538 cancer cases (aged 0–46 years)
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Effectiveness and durability of a second COVID-19 booster against severe outcomes among older people in Norway: a population-based cohort study comparing mono- and bivalent booster doses Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Melanie Stecher, Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen, Kristian Lie, Svein Rune Andersen, Hinta Meijerink, Jostein Starrfelt
Background Evidence on the durability of the protection of a fourth dose of a monovalent or bivalent messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among older people during the predominant Omicron period is needed. Methods We performed a population-based cohort study in Norway covering the time from 1 July 2022 to 15 January 2023, including individuals ≥75 years
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Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 incidence during the first six waves in Barcelona Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Miguel Angel Martinez-Beneito, Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo, Nacho Sánchez-Valdivia, Maica Rodríguez-Sanz, Glòria Pérez, Maria Isabel Pasarín, Cristina Rius, Lucía Artazcoz, Raquel Prieto, Katherine Pérez, Carme Borrell
Background The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 affected urban areas. In Barcelona, six waves of COVID-19 hit the city between March 2020 and March 2022. Inequalities in the incidence of COVID-19 have been described. However, no studies have examined the daily trends of socioeconomic inequalities and how they changed during the different phases of the pandemic. The aim of this study is to analyse the dynamic
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Pre-pregnancy and pregnancy disorders, pre-term birth and the risk of cerebral palsy: a population-based study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Neda Razaz, Sven Cnattingius, Sarka Lisonkova, Shahrzad Nematollahi, Maryam Oskoui, K S Joseph, Michael Kramer
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of childhood physical disability whose aetiology remains unclear in most cases. Maternal pre-existing and pregnancy complications are recognized risk factors of CP but the extent to which their effects are mediated by pre-term birth is unknown. Methods Population-based cohort study in Sweden including 2 055 378 singleton infants without congenital
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Mediators of Black–White inequities in cardiovascular mortality among survivors of 18 cancers in the USA Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Hyuna Sung, Noorie Hyun, Rachel E Ohman, Eric H Yang, Rebecca L Siegel, Ahmedin Jemal
Background This study aims to quantify Black–White inequities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among US survivors of 18 adult-onset cancers and the extent to which these inequities are explained by differences in socio-economic and clinical factors. Methods Survivors of cancers diagnosed at ages 20–64 years during 2007–16 were identified from 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registries
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The causal effects of education on adult health, mortality and income: evidence from Mendelian randomization and the raising of the school leaving age Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Neil M Davies, Matt Dickson, George Davey Smith, Frank Windmeijer, Gerard J van den Berg
Background On average, educated people are healthier, wealthier and have higher life expectancy than those with less education. Numerous studies have attempted to determine whether education causes differences in later health outcomes or whether another factor ultimately causes differences in education and subsequent outcomes. Previous studies have used a range of natural experiments to provide causal
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Identifiability of causal effects in test-negative design studies Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Ian Shrier, Steven D Stovitz, Johannes Textor
Causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are often used to select variables in a regression model to identify causal effects. Outcome-based sampling studies, such as the ‘test-negative design’ used to assess vaccine effectiveness, present unique challenges that are not addressed by the common back-door criterion. Here we discuss intuitive, graphical approaches to explain why the common back-door criterion
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Cohort Profile: China Southwest Birth Cohort (CSBC). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Ziling Zhao,Weixin Liu,Jinnuo Hu,Shiqi Chen,Yan Gao,Hong Wang,Min Luo,Tianjin Zhou,Gang Zhang
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Adiposity and risk of oesophageal cancer subtypes in the Million Women Study. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-12 Siân Sweetland,Sarah Floud,Kezia Gaitskell,Gillian K Reeves,
BACKGROUND The strong association of body mass index (BMI) with increased oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk is established, but its relationship with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is less clear. There is little evidence regarding the association of abdominal adiposity with either subtype. METHODS In a large prospective cohort of women in the UK, mean age 56.2 [standard deviation (SD) = 4.9] years
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Alcohol intake including wine drinking is associated with decreased platelet reactivity in a large population sample. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-11 Robin E Pashek,Bongani B Nkambule,Melissa V Chan,Florian Thibord,Amber R Lachapelle,Jason Cunha,Ming-Huei Chen,Andrew D Johnson
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is linked to decreased platelet function. Whether this link is dependent on sex or type of beverage remains unclear. METHODS Cross-sectional data were obtained from the Framingham Heart Study (N = 3427). Alcohol consumption was assessed by using standardized medical history and Harvard semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Five bioassays measured 120 platelet
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Proportion of liver cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in China Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-11 Yushi Lin, Luyan Zheng, Kailu Fang, Yang Zheng, Jie Wu, Min Zheng
Background Understanding the differences in the burden of liver cancer due to different risk factors across provinces is critical to informing and improving liver cancer prevention and control. In this study, we estimated the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of liver cancer in all 31 provinces of China in 2016. Methods Prevalence estimates of risk factors were derived from representative surveys
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Cohort Profile Update: The Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN) 2400 cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 Anna Wiedemann,Junaid Bhatti,Roxanne W Hook,Sharon A S Neufeld,,Raymond J Dolan,Peter Fonagy,Ian Goodyer,Edward T Bullmore,Samuel R Chamberlain,Peter B Jones
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Mediation and moderation of genetic risk of obesity through eating behaviours in two UK cohorts Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Shahina Begum, Eleanor C Hinton, Zoi Toumpakari, Timothy M Frayling, Laura Howe, Laura Johnson, Natalia Lawrence
Background The mechanisms underlying genetic predisposition to higher body mass index (BMI) remain unclear. Methods We hypothesized that the relationship between BMI-genetic risk score (BMI-GRS) and BMI was mediated via disinhibition, emotional eating and hunger, and moderated by flexible (but not rigid) restraint within two UK cohorts: the Genetics of Appetite Study (GATE) (n = 2101, 2010–16) and
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Development of hybrid immunity during a period of high incidence of Omicron infections. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Anja Frei,Marco Kaufmann,Rebecca Amati,Audrey Butty Dettwiler,Viktor von Wyl,Anna Maria Annoni,Julia Vincentini,Céline Pellaton,Giuseppe Pantaleo,Jan S Fehr,Valérie D'Acremont,Murielle Bochud,Emiliano Albanese,Milo A Puhan,
BACKGROUND Seroprevalence and the proportion of people with neutralizing activity (functional immunity) against SARS-CoV-2 variants were high in early 2022. In this prospective, population- based, multi-region cohort study, we assessed the development of functional and hybrid immunity (induced by vaccination and infection) in the general population during this period of high incidence of infections
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Cohort Profile: PISCIS, a population-based cohort of people living with HIV in Catalonia and Balearic Islands. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Andreu Bruguera,Daniel Nomah,Sergio Moreno-Fornés,Yesika Díaz,Jordi Aceitón,Juliana Reyes-Urueña,Juan Ambrosioni,Josep M Llibre,Vicenç Falcó,Arkaitz Imaz,Francisco Fanjul,Gemma Navarro,Domingo Pere,Elena León,Arantzazu Mera,Josep M Miró,Jordi Casabona,
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Correction to: Data Resource Profile: The Hong Kong Diabetes Surveillance Database (HKDSD). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-04
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Cohort Profile: The Copenhagen Infant Health Nurse Records (CIHNR) cohort. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Lise G Bjerregaard,Miriam Wüst,Torben S D Johansen,Thorkild I A Sørensen,Christian M Dahl,Jennifer L Baker
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Association of iron homeostasis biomarkers in type 2 diabetes and glycaemic traits: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Ying Liang, Shan Luo, Tommy Hon Ting Wong, Baoting He, C Mary Schooling, Shiu Lun Au Yeung
Background Mendelian randomization (MR) studies show iron positively associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but included potentially biasing hereditary haemochromatosis variants and did not assess reverse causality. Methods We assessed the relation of iron homeostasis with T2D and glycaemic traits bidirectionally, using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of iron homeostasis biomarkers [ferritin
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Systematic exclusion at study commencement masks earlier menopause for Black women in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Alexis Reeves, Michael R Elliott, Carrie A Karvonen-Gutierrez, Siobán D Harlow
Background Shorter average lifespans for minoritized populations are hypothesized to stem from ‘weathering’ or accelerated health declines among minoritized individuals due to systemic marginalization. However, evidence is mixed on whether racial/ethnic differences exist in reproductive ageing, potentially due to selection biases in cohort studies that may systematically exclude ‘weathered’ participants
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Data Resource Profile: Nationwide registry data for high-throughput epidemiology and machine learning (FinRegistry). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 Essi Viippola,Sara Kuitunen,Rodosthenis S Rodosthenous,Andrius Vabalas,Tuomo Hartonen,Pekka Vartiainen,Joanne Demmler,Anna-Leena Vuorinen,Aoxing Liu,Aki S Havulinna,Vincent Llorens,Kira E Detrois,Feiyi Wang,Matteo Ferro,Antti Karvanen,Jakob German,Sakari Jukarainen,Javier Gracia-Tabuenca,Tero Hiekkalinna,Sami Koskelainen,Tuomo Kiiskinen,Elisa Lahtela,Susanna Lemmelä,Teemu Paajanen,Harri Siirtola,Mary
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Effect of preterm birth on growth and blood pressure in adulthood in the Pelotas 1993 cohort Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-25 Winok Lapidaire, Alvaro Proaño, Cauane Blumenberg, Christian Loret de Mola, Carlos A Delgado, Darwin del Castillo, Fernando C Wehrmeister, Helen Gonçalves, Robert H Gilman, Richard A Oberhelman, Adam J Lewandowski, Jonathan C K Wells, J Jaime Miranda
Background Preterm birth has been associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease later in adulthood, attributed to cardiovascular and metabolic alterations in early life. However, there is paucity of evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We investigated the differences between preterm (<37 weeks gestational age) and term-born individuals in birth
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Variance of age-specific log incidence decomposition (VALID): a unifying model of measured and unmeasured genetic and non-genetic risks Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-24 John L Hopper, James G Dowty, Tuong L Nguyen, Shuai Li, Gillian S Dite, Robert J MacInnis, Enes Makalic, Daniel F Schmidt, Minh Bui, Jennifer Stone, Joohon Sung, Mark A Jenkins, Graham G Giles, Melissa C Southey, John D Mathews
Background The extent to which known and unknown factors explain how much people of the same age differ in disease risk is fundamental to epidemiology. Risk factors can be correlated in relatives, so familial aspects of risk (genetic and non-genetic) must be considered. Development We present a unifying model (VALID) for variance in risk, with risk defined as log(incidence) or logit(cumulative incidence)
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Cohort Profile Update: The US Millennium Cohort Study-evaluating the impact of military experiences on service members and veteran health. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Sheila F Castañeda,Jennifer N Belding,Claire A Kolaja,Cynthia A LeardMann,Isabel G Jacobson,Anna C Rivera,Felicia R Carey,Satbir Boparai,Jennifer L Walstrom,Beverly D Sheppard,Edward J Boyko,Margaret A K Ryan,Rudolph P Rull,
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Co-evolution of epidemiology and artificial intelligence: challenges and opportunities. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Joohon Sung,John L Hopper
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Causal relationship between gastro-esophageal reflux disease and risk of lung cancer: insights from multivariable Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-21 Yi Liu,Hongjin Lai,Ren Zhang,Liang Xia,Lunxu Liu
AIM A recent study has reported that anti-reflux surgery reduced the risk of lung cancer. However, the exact causal association between gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GORD) and lung cancer remains obscure. Therefore, we conducted a multivariable and network Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore this potential association and mediation effect. METHODS Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms
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Exploring regression dilution bias using repeat measurements of 2858 variables in ≤49 000 UK Biobank participants Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Charlotte E Rutter, Louise A C Millard, Maria Carolina Borges, Deborah A Lawlor
Background Measurement error in exposures and confounders can bias exposure–outcome associations but is rarely considered. We aimed to assess random measurement error of all continuous variables in UK Biobank and explore approaches to mitigate its impact on exposure–outcome associations. Methods Random measurement error was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for all continuous
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Associations of meal timing, number of eating occasions and night-time fasting duration with incidence of type 2 diabetes in the NutriNet-Santé cohort. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Anna Palomar-Cros,Bernard Srour,Valentina A Andreeva,Léopold K Fezeu,Alice Bellicha,Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot,Serge Hercberg,Dora Romaguera,Manolis Kogevinas,Mathilde Touvier
BACKGROUND Food intake plays a pivotal role in regulating circadian rhythms, which modulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, studies investigating the association of meal timing and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence are lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal associations of meal timing, number of eating occasions and night-time fasting duration with incidence
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Data Resource Profile: World Health Organization Health Inequality Data Repository. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Katherine Kirkby,Nicole Bergen,Andreia Baptista,Anne Schlotheuber,Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor
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Cohort Profile: Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System in slums of Dhaka (North and South) and Gazipur City Corporations, Bangladesh. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-10 Abdur Razzaque,Md Razib Chowdhury,A H M Golam Mustafa,Shehrin Shaila Mahmood,Mohammad Iqbal,Syed Manzoor Ahmed Hanifi,Mohammad Zahirul Islam,Brian Chin,Alayne M Adams,Abbas Bhuiya,Daniel D Reidpath
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Quantitative bias analysis of prevalence under misclassification: evaluation indicators, calculation method and case analysis. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Jin Liu,Shiyuan Wang,Fang Shao
Prevalence estimates are fundamental to epidemiological studies. Although they are highly vulnerable to misclassification bias, the risk of bias assessment of prevalence estimates is often neglected. Quantitative bias analysis (QBA) can effectively estimate misclassification bias in epidemiological studies; however, relatively few applications are identified. One reason for its low usage is the lack
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Prediabetes and risk of active tuberculosis: a cohort study from Northern Taiwan. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Tsun-Hao Ko,Yi-Cheng Chang,Chia-Hsuin Chang,Karen Chia-Wen Liao,Matthew J Magee,Hsien-Ho Lin
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established risk factor for active tuberculosis (TB) infection. Despite the worldwide rapid increase in the prevalence of prediabetes, its impact on the risk of active TB remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prediabetes and risk of active TB in a large cohort study. METHODS A total of 119 352 participants were
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Epidemiology and trends in stroke mortality in the USA, 1975-2019. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Cande V Ananth,Justin S Brandt,Katherine M Keyes,Hillary L Graham,John B Kostis,William J Kostis
BACKGROUND Whether changes in stroke mortality are affected by age distribution and birth cohorts, and if the decline in stroke mortality exhibits heterogeneity by stroke type, remains uncertain. METHODS We undertook a sequential time series analysis to examine stroke mortality trends in the USA among people aged 18-84 years between 1975 and 2019 (n = 4 332 220). Trends were examined for overall stroke
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The impact of diabetes during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes among the Aboriginal population in Western Australia: a whole-population study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Marwan Awad Ahmed, Helen D Bailey, Gavin Pereira, Scott W White, Kingsley Wong, Bridgette J McNamara, Paul Rheeder, Rhonda Marriott, Carrington C J Shepherd
Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter Aboriginal) women have a high prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), which includes pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to characterize the impact of DIP in babies born to Aboriginal mothers. Methods A retrospective cohort study, using routinely collected linked health data that included
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Ionizing radiation and solid cancer mortality among US nuclear facility workers. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-30 Kaitlin Kelly-Reif,Steven J Bertke,Robert D Daniels,David B Richardson,Mary K Schubauer-Berigan
BACKGROUND The risk of solid cancers from low-level protracted ionizing radiation is not well characterized. Nuclear workers provide valuable information on the effects of ionizing radiation in contemporary exposure scenarios relevant to workers and the public. METHODS We evaluated the association between penetrating ionizing radiation exposure and solid cancer mortality among a pooled cohort of nuclear
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Three phases of increasing complexity in estimating vaccine protection. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-27 Ofra Amir,Yair Goldberg,Micha Mandel,Yinon M Bar-On,Laurence S Freedman,Omri Bodenheimer,Amit Huppert,Ron Milo
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Risk of type 2 diabetes after diagnosed gestational diabetes is enhanced by exposure to PM2.5 Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-25 Shih-Chun Pan, Ching-Chun Huang, Bing-Yu Chen, Wei-Shan Chin, Yue Leon Guo
Background Air pollution and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are both associated with increased diabetes mellitus (DM) occurrence. However, whether air pollutants modify the effects of GDM on the occurrence of DM has been unknown. This study aims to determine whether the effect of GDM on DM development can be modified by exposure to ambient air pollutants. Methods Women with one singleton birth
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Pre-pubertal accelerometer-assessed physical activity and timing of puberty in British boys and girls: the Millennium Cohort Study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-20 Tuck Seng Cheng, Soren Brage, Esther M F van Sluijs, Ken K Ong
Background Early puberty timing is associated with adverse health outcomes. We aimed to examine prospective associations between objectively measured physical activity and puberty timing in boys and girls. Methods In the UK Millennium Cohort Study, physical activity volume and intensities at 7 years were measured using accelerometers. Status of several pubertal traits and age at menarche were reported
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Key considerations for designing, conducting and analysing a cluster randomized trial Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Karla Hemming, Monica Taljaard
Not only do cluster randomized trials require a larger sample size than individually randomized trials, they also face many additional complexities. The potential for contamination is the most commonly used justification for using cluster randomization, but the risk of contamination should be carefully weighed against the more serious problem of questionable scientific validity in settings with post-randomization
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Standards in responsibly sharing cohort data for transparency and reproducibility: response to the Young Lives Study. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Ilan Cerna-Turoff,Lawrence G Chillrud,Kara E Rudolph,Joan A Casey
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Estimating intra-cluster correlation coefficients for planning longitudinal cluster randomized trials: a tutorial Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Yongdong Ouyang, Karla Hemming, Fan Li, Monica Taljaard
It is well-known that designing a cluster randomized trial (CRT) requires an advance estimate of the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC). In the case of longitudinal CRTs, where outcomes are assessed repeatedly in each cluster over time, estimates for more complex correlation structures are required. Three common types of correlation structures for longitudinal CRTs are exchangeable, nested/block
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Electronic cigarettes and health outcomes: epidemiological and public health challenges. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Emily Banks,Amelia Yazidjoglou,Grace Joshy
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Intake of sugary beverages with chronic conditions and multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-13 Yue Zhang, Hui Chen, Carmen C W Lim, Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco, Lijing L Yan, Gita D Mishra, Changzheng Yuan, Xiaolin Xu
Background The burden of chronic conditions associated with sugary beverages is increasing but little is known about the role of different types of sugary beverages in the co-occurrence of multiple chronic conditions (‘multimorbidity’). To inform future sugar-reduction guidelines, we aimed to examine the associations of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) and natural
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The estimated effect of season and vitamin D in the first trimester on pubertal timing in girls and boys: a cohort study and an instrumental variable analysis Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-13 Anne Gaml-Sørensen, Nis Brix, Andreas Ernst, Lea Lykke Harrits Lunddorf, Christian Lindh, Gunnar Toft, Tine Brink Henriksen, Onyebuchi A Arah, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen
Background Season of birth has been associated with age at menarche. Maternal vitamin D levels in pregnancy may explain this effect. We investigated whether the season of first trimester or maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels were associated with pubertal timing in children. Methods We conducted a follow-up study of 15 819 children born in 2000–03 from the Puberty Cohort, nested in the
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Validating an approach to overcome the immeasurable time bias in cohort studies: a real-world example and Monte Carlo simulation study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-12 In-Sun Oh, Han Eol Jeong, Hyesung Lee, Kristian B Filion, Yunha Noh, Ju-Young Shin
Background Immeasurable time bias arises from the lack of in-hospital medication information. It has been suggested that time-varying adjustment for hospitalization may minimize this potential bias. However, whereas we examined this issue in one case study, there remains a need to assess the validity of this approach in other settings. Methods Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we generated synthetic
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Mapping tuberculosis prevalence in Ethiopia using geospatial meta-analysis Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Kefyalew Addis Alene, Andre Python, Daniel J Weiss, Ahmed Elagali, Zeleke Alebachew Wagaw, Andargachew Kumsa, Peter W Gething, Archie C A Clements
Background Reliable and detailed data on the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) with sub-national estimates are scarce in Ethiopia. We address this knowledge gap by spatially predicting the national, sub-national and local prevalence of TB, and identifying drivers of TB prevalence across the country. Methods TB prevalence data were obtained from the Ethiopia national TB prevalence survey and from a comprehensive
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Mortality and cancer incidence in UK military veterans involved in human experiments at Porton Down: 48-year follow-up Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Gemma Archer, Thomas J Keegan, Lucy M Carpenter, Katherine M Venables, Nicola T Fear
Background We investigated whether military personnel involved in chemical warfare agent research at Porton Down had increased rates of mortality or cancer incidence. Methods This was a historical cohort study comprising male UK veterans who participated in the ‘Service Volunteer Programme’, 1941–89, identified from Porton Down experiment books, and a comparison group of similar ‘non-Porton Down’ veterans
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Fine and coarse particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for a wide range of respiratory diseases: a nationwide case-crossover study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Jian Lei, Renjie Chen, Cong Liu, Yixiang Zhu, Xiaowei Xue, Yixuan Jiang, Su Shi, Ya Gao, Haidong Kan, Jianwei Xuan
Background The associations between fine and coarse particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM2.5–10) air pollution and hospital admissions for full-spectrum respiratory diseases were rarely investigated, especially for age-specific associations. We aim to estimate the age-specific associations of short-term exposures to PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 with hospital admissions for full-spectrum respiratory diseases in China
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Child marriage as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases among women in India Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Kriti Vikram, Abhijit Visaria, Dibyasree Ganguly
Background Child marriage, defined as marriage under the age of 18 years, remains pervasive in India. Global evidence documents a negative association between child marriage and women's reproductive and sexual health outcomes; however, its relationship with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remains underexplored. Methods We utilize biomarkers and self-reported data from the nationally representative
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Retirement and cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal study in 35 countries Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 Koryu Sato, Haruko Noguchi, Kosuke Inoue, Ichiro Kawachi, Naoki Kondo
Background Many countries have been increasing their state pension age (SPA); nonetheless, there is little consensus on whether retirement affects the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined the associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors. Methods We used harmonized longitudinal datasets from the Health and Retirement Study and its sister surveys in 35 countries. Data comprised
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A longitudinal study evaluating adverse childhood experiences and obesity in adulthood using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 Vanessa De Rubeis, Andrea Gonzalez, Jean-Éric Tarride, Lauren E Griffith, Laura N Anderson
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a risk factor for obesity; however, the causal mechanisms are not well understood. Objectives were to measure the impact of ACEs on adulthood obesity and to investigate whether the association was mediated by nutrition and stress. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted using adults aged 46–90 years (n = 26 615) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study
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Comment on 'Mortality among twin individuals exposed to loss of a co-twin'. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Vijaya L Seegulam
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SAS and R code for probabilistic quantitative bias analysis for misclassified binary variables and binary unmeasured confounders Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Matthew P Fox, Richard F MacLehose, Timothy L Lash
Systematic error from selection bias, uncontrolled confounding, and misclassification is ubiquitous in epidemiologic research but is rarely quantified using quantitative bias analysis (QBA). This gap may in part be due to the lack of readily modifiable software to implement these methods. Our objective is to provide computing code that can be tailored to an analyst’s dataset. We briefly describe the
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Prevalence, aetiology, vaccination coverage and spatio-temporal pattern among patients admitted with acute bacterial meningitis to the sentinel hospital surveillance network in Yemen, 2014–20, before and during the civil war Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Galal A Al-Samhari, Gaber M Al-Mushiki, Rashi Tamrakar, Yue-Dong Lin, Fadhl Al-Shaebi, Mohammed A Akroot, Saddam A Al-Nahari, Guan-Jie Li, Xian-Yan Tang
Background Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a serious health issue in Yemen where civil war, which continues unabated, has crippled the healthcare system. We conducted a nationwide retrospective observational study in Yemeni sentinel hospitals to identify the prevalence, aetiology, vaccination coverage and spatio-temporal pattern of ABM in children aged <5 years before and during the civil war,
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The International Journal of Epidemiology-the next three years. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 7.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Alistair Woodward