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Cohort Profile: The Ontario Health Study (OHS). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-13 Victoria A Kirsh,Kimberly Skead,Kelly McDonald,Nancy Kreiger,Julian Little,Karen Menard,John McLaughlin,Sutapa Mukherjee,Lyle J Palmer,Vivek Goel,Mark P Purdue,Philip Awadalla
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Cohort Profile: The Africa Medical and Behavioral Sciences Organization (AMBSO) Population Health Surveillance (APHS) in rural, semi-urban and urban Uganda. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-13 Stephen Mugamba,Leo Ziegel,Robert M Bulamba,Emmanuel Kyasanku,Katarina Johansson Århem,Carl Fredrik Sjöland,Amanda P Miller,Gertrude Nakigozi,Grace Kigozi Nalwoga,Stephen Watya,Noah Kiwanuka,Joseph Kagaayi,Deusdedit Kiwanuka,William Ddaaki,Jennifer A Wagman,Godfrey Kigozi,Anna Mia Ekström,Fred Nalugoda
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Association between household composition and severe COVID-19 outcomes in older people by ethnicity: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-13 Kevin Wing, Daniel J Grint, Rohini Mathur, Hamish P Gibbs, George Hickman, Emily Nightingale, Anna Schultze, Harriet Forbes, Vahé Nafilyan, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Elizabeth Williamson, Thomas House, Lorenzo Pellis, Emily Herrett, Nileesa Gautam, Helen J Curtis, Christopher T Rentsch, Angel Y S Wong, Brian MacKenna, Amir Mehrkar, Seb Bacon, Ian J Douglas, Stephen J W Evans, Laurie Tomlinson, Ben Goldacre
Background Ethnic differences in the risk of severe COVID-19 may be linked to household composition. We quantified the association between household composition and risk of severe COVID-19 by ethnicity for older individuals. Methods With the approval of NHS England, we analysed ethnic differences in the association between household composition and severe COVID-19 in people aged 67 or over in England
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IJE's Education Corner turns 10! Looking back and looking forward. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Michael O Harhay,Katy J L Bell,Jonathan Y Huang,Onyebuchi A Arah
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Association of summer temperatures and acute kidney injury in South Korea: a case-crossover study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Joonho Ahn, Sanghyuk Bae, Byung Ha Chung, Jun-Pyo Myong, Min Young Park, Youn-Hee Lim, Mo-Yeol Kang
Background Due to climate change, days with high temperatures are becoming more frequent. Although the effect of high temperature on the kidneys has been reported in research from Central and South America, Oceania, North America and Europe, evidence from Asia is still lacking. This study aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to high temperatures and acute kidney injury (AKI)
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Sustained air pollution exposures, fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, prevalence and incidence of diabetes: a nationwide study in China Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 Feifei Liu, Ke Zhang, Gongbo Chen, Jie He, Mengnan Pan, Feng Zhou, Xiangxiang Wang, Jiahui Tong, Yuming Guo, Shanshan Li, Hao Xiang
Background Evidence remains limited and inconsistent for the associations between sustained air pollution exposures and diabetes development. This study aimed to determine the potential effects of particulate matter with a diameter of ≤10 micrometres (PM10), particulate matter with a diameter of ≤2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on alterations of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated
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Better healthcare can reduce the risk of COVID-19 in-hospital post-partum maternal death: evidence from Brazil Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 Char Leung, Li Su, Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
Objective COVID-19 in post-partum women is commonly overlooked. The present study assessed whether puerperium is an independent risk factor of COVID-19 related in-hospital maternal death and whether fatality is preventable in the Brazilian context. Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical data of post-partum/pregnant patients hospitalized with COVID-19 gathered from a national database that
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Comparison of intergenerational instrumental variable analyses of body mass index and mortality in UK Biobank Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 Ciarrah-Jane Barry, David Carslake, Kaitlin H Wade, Eleanor Sanderson, George Davey Smith
Background An increasing proportion of people have a body mass index (BMI) classified as overweight or obese and published studies disagree whether this will be beneficial or detrimental to health. We applied and evaluated two intergenerational instrumental variable methods to estimate the average causal effect of BMI on mortality in a cohort with many deaths: the parents of UK Biobank participants
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Software Application Profile: SUMnlmr, an R package that facilitates flexible and reproducible non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-09 Amy M Mason, Stephen Burgess
Motivation Mendelian randomization methods that estimate non-linear exposure-outcome relationships typically require individual-level data. This package implements non-linear Mendelian randomization methods using stratified summarized data, facilitating analyses where individual-level data cannot easily be shared, and additionally increasing reproducibility as summarized data can be reported. Dependence
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Newborn body composition and child cardiovascular risk markers: a prospective multi-ethnic Asian cohort study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-30 Yi Ying Ong, Mya-Thway Tint, Izzuddin M Aris, Wen Lun Yuan, Ling-Wei Chen, Marielle V Fortier, Jonathan Choo, Lieng Hsi Ling, Lynette Shek, Kok Hian Tan, Peter D Gluckman, Fabian Yap, Yap-Seng Chong, Keith M Godfrey, Mary F-F Chong, Shiao-Yng Chan, Johan G Eriksson, Mary E Wlodek, Emanuella De Lucia Rolfe, Ken K Ong, Navin Michael, Yung Seng Lee
Background Early epidemiological studies have associated low birthweight with increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to examine whether the fat and fat-free components of birthweight have differing relationships with childhood cardiovascular risk markers. Methods In the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, air displacement plethysmography was conducted within 24 h after
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How to avoid overestimating the burden of hypertension in epidemiological studies? A new methodology to account for within-person variability of blood pressure Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Valérie Olié, Edouard Chatignoux, Christophe Bonaldi, Clémence Grave, Amélie Gabet, Jacques Blacher
Background Hypertension (HT) is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. HT is diagnosed as blood pressure (BP) exceeding a certain threshold. Because of the high within-person variability of BP, the estimation of HT in epidemiological studies based on single visit measurements tends to overestimate HT prevalence. Our study aimed to determine the correction factors to correct
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Modelling change in a causal framework. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 M Maria Glymour
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Tools for assessing quality and risk of bias in Mendelian randomization studies: a systematic review Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 Francesca Spiga, Mark Gibson, Sarah Dawson, Kate Tilling, George Davey Smith, Marcus R Munafò, Julian P T Higgins
Background The use of Mendelian randomization (MR) in epidemiology has increased considerably in recent years, with a subsequent increase in systematic reviews of MR studies. We conducted a systematic review of tools designed for assessing risk of bias and/or quality of evidence in MR studies and a review of systematic reviews of MR studies. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Web
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Commentary: Recognizing subsequent infection risk following hospital discharge among children. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-26 Jessica E Miller,David P Burgner
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Cohort Profile Update: The 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Alice Sullivan,Matt Brown,Mark Hamer,George B Ploubidis
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Mortality among twin individuals exposed to loss of a co-twin Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Huan Song, Yanan Shang, Fang Fang, Catarina Almqvist, Nancy L Pedersen, Patrik K E Magnusson, Henrik Larsson, Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir
Background Although the death of a child, sibling or spouse has been associated with elevated risk of mortality, less is known about the survival of twin siblings exposed to a co-twin loss. Methods In a Swedish population-based sibling-matched cohort, we compared the mortality of 5548 twin individuals who lost their co-twin between 1932 and 2011 with that of 27 740 age-matched and sex-matched twin
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Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution, genetic susceptibility and risk of dementia Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Hao Ma, Xiang Li, Tao Zhou, Mengying Wang, Yoriko Heianza, Lu Qi
Background We aimed to assess the association between low-level air pollution and the risk of dementia, and examine the modification effect by genetic susceptibility on the relationship. Methods A total of 164 447 participants who were free of dementia at baseline and aged ≥60 years were included. Annual average concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with diameters of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2
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Reassessing the causal role of obesity in breast cancer susceptibility: a comprehensive multivariable Mendelian randomization investigating the distribution and timing of exposure Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Yu Hao, Jinyu Xiao, Yu Liang, Xueyao Wu, Haoyu Zhang, Chenghan Xiao, Li Zhang, Stephen Burgess, Nan Wang, Xunying Zhao, Peter Kraft, Jiayuan Li, Xia Jiang
Background Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on obesity and risk of breast cancer adopted a small number of instrumental variables and focused mainly on the crude total effect. We aim to investigate the independent causal effect of obesity on breast cancer susceptibility, considering the distribution of fat, covering both early and late life. Methods Using an enlarged set of female-specific
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Interpretation of Mendelian randomization using a single measure of an exposure that varies over time Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Tim T Morris, Jon Heron, Eleanor C M Sanderson, George Davey Smith, Vanessa Didelez, Kate Tilling
Background Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful tool through which the causal effects of modifiable exposures on outcomes can be estimated from observational data. Most exposures vary throughout the life course, but MR is commonly applied to one measurement of an exposure (e.g. weight measured once between ages 40 and 60 years). It has been argued that MR provides biased causal effect estimates
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Estimands in cluster-randomized trials: choosing analyses that answer the right question Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-14 Brennan C Kahan, Fan Li, Andrew J Copas, Michael O Harhay
Background Cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) involve randomizing groups of individuals (e.g. hospitals, schools or villages) to different interventions. Various approaches exist for analysing CRTs but there has been little discussion around the treatment effects (estimands) targeted by each. Methods We describe the different estimands that can be addressed through CRTs and demonstrate how choices between
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Differing associations with childhood outcomes using behavioural patterns derived from three data reduction techniques Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-13 Ninoshka J D’Souza, Miaobing Zheng, Gavin Abbott, Sandrine Lioret, Kylie D Hesketh
Background Behavioural patterns help to understand the influence of multiple health behaviours on childhood outcomes. Behavioural patterns derived using different data reduction techniques can be non-identical and may differentially associate with childhood outcomes. This study aimed to compare associations of behavioural patterns derived from three methods with three childhood outcomes. Methods Data
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Cohort Profile: The Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Programme (SDPP). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 Hrafnhildur Gudjonsdottir,Per Tynelius,Stefan Fors,Diego Yacamán Méndez,Mihretab Gebreslassie,Minhao Zhou,Axel C Carlsson,Pernilla Svefors,Per Wändell,Claes-Göran Östenson,Boel Brynedal,Anton Lager
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What can we conclude about the effect of parental income on offspring mental health? Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-06 Guido Biele,Johan de Aguas,Tomás Varnet Pérez
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Incremental value of risk factor variability for cardiovascular risk prediction in individuals with type 2 diabetes: results from UK primary care electronic health records Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Zhe Xu, Matthew Arnold, Luanluan Sun, David Stevens, Ryan Chung, Samantha Ip, Jessica Barrett, Stephen Kaptoge, Lisa Pennells, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Angela M Wood
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction models for individuals with type 2 diabetes are important tools to guide intensification of interventions for CVD prevention. We aimed to assess the added value of incorporating risk factors variability in CVD risk prediction for people with type 2 diabetes. Methods We used electronic health records (EHRs) data from 83 910 adults with type 2 diabetes
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Assessing patterns of change in lifestyle behaviours by parity: a longitudinal cohort study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Maureen Makama, Arul Earnest, Siew Lim, Helen Skouteris, Briony Hill, Helena Teede, Jacqueline A Boyle, Wendy J Brown, Allison M Hodge, Lisa J Moran
Background The time constraints and reprioritization of personal health associated with having children may lead women to adopt less healthy lifestyles. We assessed the patterns of change in weight and lifestyle behaviours associated with having children and whether these differ between primiparous and multiparous women. Methods Data were from Surveys 3 and 5 of the 1973–1978 birth cohort of the Australian
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SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence at urban and rural sites in Kaduna State, Nigeria, during October/November 2021, immediately prior to detection of the Omicron variant Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Gloria D Chechet, Jacob K P Kwaga, Joseph Yahaya, Harry Noyes, Annette MacLeod, Walt E Adamson
Background Nigeria is Africa’s most populated country. By November 2021 it had experienced three waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Peer-reviewed seroprevalence data assessing the proportion of the Nigerian population that have been infected were extremely limited. Methods We conducted a serosurvey in one urban site (n = 400) and one rural site (n = 402) in Kaduna State, Nigeria between 11 October 2021
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Interplay between demographic, clinical and polygenic risk factors for severe COVID-19 Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Samantha S R Crossfield, Natalie J M Chaddock, Mark M Iles, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, Ann W Morgan
Background We aimed to identify clinical, socio-demographic and genetic risk factors for severe COVID-19 (hospitalization, critical care admission or death) in the general population. Methods In this observational study, we identified 9560 UK Biobank participants diagnosed with COVID-19 during 2020. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for severe COVID-19 was derived and optimized using publicly available
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Data Resource Profile: The Global Health and Population Project on Access to Care for Cardiometabolic Diseases (HPACC). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 Jennifer Manne-Goehler,Michaela Theilmann,David Flood,Maja E Marcus,Glennis Andall-Brereton,Kokou Agoudavi,William Andres Lopez Arboleda,Krishna K Aryal,Brice Bicaba,Pascal Bovet,Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant,Garry Brian,Grace Chamberlin,Geoffrey Chen,Albertino Damasceno,Maria Dorobantu,Matthew Dunn,Cara Ebert,Farshad Farzadfar,Mongal Singh Gurung,David Guwatudde,Corine Houehanou,Dismand Houinato,Nahla
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The association of obesity-related traits on COVID-19 severity and hospitalization is affected by socio-economic status: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-25 Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza, Frank R Wendt, Gita A Pathak, Flavio De Angelis, Antonella De Lillo, Dora Koller, Renato Polimanti
Background Due to its large impact on human health, socio-economic status (SES) could at least partially influence the established association between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. To estimate the independent effect of body size and SES on the clinical manifestations of COVID-19, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods Applying two-sample MR approaches
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Linkage of multiple electronic health record datasets using a ‘spine linkage’ approach compared with all ‘pairwise linkages’ Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-24 Helen A Blake, Linda D Sharples, Katie Harron, Jan H van der Meulen, Kate Walker
Background Methods for linking records between two datasets are well established. However, guidance is needed for linking more than two datasets. Using all ‘pairwise linkages’—linking each dataset to every other dataset—is the most inclusive, but resource-intensive, approach. The ‘spine’ approach links each dataset to a designated ‘spine dataset’, reducing the number of linkages, but potentially reducing
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Circulating insulin-like growth factors and risks of overall, aggressive and early-onset prostate cancer: a collaborative analysis of 20 prospective studies and Mendelian randomization analysis. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-21 Eleanor L Watts,Aurora Perez-Cornago,Georgina K Fensom,Karl Smith-Byrne,Urwah Noor,Colm D Andrews,Marc J Gunter,Michael V Holmes,Richard M Martin,Konstantinos K Tsilidis,Demetrius Albanes,Aurelio Barricarte,H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita,Barbara A Cohn,Melanie Deschasaux-Tanguy,Niki L Dimou,Luigi Ferrucci,Leon Flicker,Neal D Freedman,Graham G Giles,Edward L Giovannucci,Christopher A Haiman,Graham J Hankey
BACKGROUND Previous studies had limited power to assess the associations of circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) with clinically relevant prostate cancer as a primary endpoint, and the association of genetically predicted IGF-I with aggressive prostate cancer is not known. We aimed to investigate the associations of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3
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Commentary: Smoking, nicotine and COVID-19 outcomes: unprecedented challenges to epidemiologists. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 Tai Hing Lam
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Worth the paper it's written on? A cross-sectional study of Medical Certificate of Stillbirth accuracy in the UK. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-20 Michael P Rimmer,Ian Henderson,William Parry-Smith,Olivia Raglan,Jennifer Tamblyn,Alexander E P Heazell,Lucy E Higgins,
BACKGROUND The Medical Certificate of Stillbirth (MCS) records data about a baby's death after 24 weeks of gestation but before birth. Major errors that could alter interpretation of the MCS were widespread in two UK-based regional studies. METHODS A multicentre evaluation was conducted, examining MCS issued 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 in 76 UK obstetric units. A systematic case-note review
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Body mass index and COVID-19 mortality: prospective study of 120 000 Mexican adults. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Jesus Alegre-Díaz,Louisa G Friedrichs,Raul Ramirez-Reyes,Rachel Wade,Fiona Bragg,William G Herrington,Robert Clarke,Richard Peto,Rory Collins,Pablo Kuri-Morales,Jonathan R Emberson,Roberto Tapia-Conyer
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Reflection on modern methods: constructing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with domain experts for health services research Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Daniela Rodrigues, Noemi Kreif, Anna Lawrence-Jones, Mauricio Barahona, Erik Mayer
Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are a useful tool to represent, in a graphical format, researchers’ assumptions about the causal structure among variables while providing a rationale for the choice of confounding variables to adjust for. With origins in the field of probabilistic graphical modelling, DAGs are yet to be widely adopted in applied health research, where causal assumptions are frequently
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Cohort Profile: The National Institute for Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative: Hepatitis B Virus (NIHR HIC HBV) research dataset. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Tingyan Wang,David A Smith,Cori Campbell,Oliver Freeman,Zuzana Moysova,Theresa Noble,Kinga A Várnai,Steve Harris,Hizni Salih,Gail Roadknight,Stephanie Little,Ben Glampson,Luca Mercuri,Dimitri Papadimitriou,Christopher R Jones,Vince Taylor,Afzal Chaudhry,Hang Phan,Florina Borca,Josune Olza,Frazer Warricker,Luis Romão,David Ramlakhan,Louise English,Paul Klenerman,Monique Andersson,Jane Collier,Alexander
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A proposal for capturing interaction and effect modification using DAGs. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 John Attia,Elizabeth Holliday,Christopher Oldmeadow
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Mendelian randomization analysis for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: studying a broad range of exposures and outcomes Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-12 María Soler Artigas, Cristina Sánchez-Mora, Paula Rovira, Laura Vilar-Ribó, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Marta Ribasés
Background Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and is often thought as an entry point into a negative life trajectory, including risk for comorbid disorders, poor educational achievement or low income. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the causal relationship between ADHD
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Impact of drug consumption rooms on non-fatal overdoses, abscesses and emergency department visits in people who inject drugs in France: results from the COSINUS cohort. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-12 P Roux,M Jauffret-Roustide,C Donadille,L Briand Madrid,C Denis,I Célérier,C Chauvin,N Hamelin,G Maradan,M P Carrieri,C Protopopescu,L Lalanne,M Auriacombe,
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of drug consumption rooms (DCRs) for people who inject drugs (PWID) has been demonstrated for HIV and hepatitis C virus risk practices, and access to care for substance use disorders. However, data on other health-related complications are scarce. Using data from the French COSINUS cohort, we investigated the impact of DCR exposure on non-fatal overdoses, abscesses and
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Sample size calculators for planning stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials: a review and comparison Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 Yongdong Ouyang, Fan Li, John S Preisser, Monica Taljaard
Summary Recent years have seen a surge of interest in stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs). SW-CRTs include several design variations and methodology is rapidly developing. Accordingly, a variety of power and sample size calculation software for SW-CRTs has been developed. However, each calculator may support only a selected set of design features and may not be appropriate for all scenarios
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Mendelian randomization study of maternal coffee consumption and its influence on birthweight, stillbirth, miscarriage, gestational age and pre-term birth. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 Caroline Brito Nunes,Peiyuan Huang,Geng Wang,Mischa Lundberg,Shannon D'Urso,Robyn E Wootton,Maria Carolina Borges,Deborah A Lawlor,Nicole M Warrington,David M Evans,Liang-Dar Hwang,Gunn-Helen Moen
BACKGROUND Coffee consumption has been associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes, although data from randomized-controlled trials are lacking. We investigate whether there is a causal relationship between coffee consumption and miscarriage, stillbirth, birthweight, gestational age and pre-term birth using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS A two-sample MR study was performed using summary
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Cohort Profile: The Spanish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and Health (Edad Con Salud). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 Elvira Lara,Marta Miret,Beatriz Olaya,Francisco Félix Caballero,Daniel Morillo,María Victoria Moneta,Josep Maria Haro,José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
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Cohort Profile Update: The British Regional Heart Study 1978-2018: 40 years of follow-up of older British men. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-03 Rachel Kimble,Gillian McLellan,Lucy T Lennon,A Olia Papacosta,John C Mathers,S Goya Wannamethee,Peter H Whincup,Shenna E Ramsay
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Clustered Mendelian randomization analyses identify distinct and opposing pathways in the association between genetically influenced insulin-like growth factor-1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-03 Wenyi Wang, Ephrem Baraki Tesfay, Jan Bert van Klinken, Ko Willems van Dijk, Andrzej Bartke, Diana van Heemst, Raymond Noordam
Background There is inconsistent evidence for the causal role of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration in the pathogenesis of human age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we investigated the association between IGF-1 and T2D using (clustered) Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in the UK Biobank. Methods We conducted Cox proportional hazard analyses in 451 232
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Neighbourhood socioeconomic improvement, residential mobility and premature death: a population-based cohort study and inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-03 Emmalin Buajitti, Laura C Rosella
Background Causal inference using area-level socioeconomic measures is challenging due to risks of residual confounding and imprecise specification of the neighbourhood-level social exposure. By using multi-linked longitudinal data to address these common limitations, our study aimed to identify protective effects of neighbourhood socioeconomic improvement on premature mortality risk. Methods We used
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A secondary data analysis of a cluster randomized controlled trial: improved cookstoves associated with reduction in incidence of low birthweight in rural Malawi Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-06-02 Rebecca Best, Jullita Mvala, Albert Dube, Cynthia Katundu, Fredrick Kalobekamo, Kevin Mortimer, Stephen B Gordon, Moffat Nyirenda, Amelia Crampin, Estelle McLean
Background In northern rural Malawi, the majority of households cook using open fires and there is also a high burden of adverse birth outcomes. The use of open fires or highly polluting cookstoves is associated with low birthweight in babies. There is mixed evidence on whether implementation of cleaner burning cookstoves reduces the number of babies born with low birthweight. Methods This is a secondary
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Data Resource Profile: United Kingdom National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008-19). Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 Michelle C Venables,Caireen Roberts,Sonja Nicholson,Beverley Bates,Kerry S Jones,Robert Ashford,Suzanne Hill,Anila Farooq,Albert Koulman,Nicholas J Wareham,Polly Page
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Understanding the child mortality decline in Guinea-Bissau: the role of population-level nutritional status measured by mid-upper arm circumference. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-28 Andreas Rieckmann,Ane Bærent Fisker,Christian Bjerregård Øland,Sebastian Nielsen,Rasmus Wibaek,Tina Bonde Sørensen,Cesário Lourenço Martins,Christine Stabell Benn,Peter Aaby
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is considered an important contributing factor to child mortality, and the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is regarded as one of the better anthropometric predictors of child mortality. We explored whether the decline in child mortality over recent decades could be explained by changes in children's MUAC. METHODS This prospective study analysed individual-level data from
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Assessing seasonality and the role of its potential drivers in environmental epidemiology: a tutorial. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-26 Lina Madaniyazi,Aurelio Tobias,Yoonhee Kim,Yeonseung Chung,Ben Armstrong,Masahiro Hashizume
Several methods have been used to assess the seasonality of health outcomes in epidemiological studies. However, little information is available on the methods to study the changes in seasonality before and after adjusting for environmental or other known seasonally varying factors. Such investigations will help us understand the role of these factors in seasonal variation in health outcomes and further
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Commentary: Large variation in the epidemiological transition across countries: is it still valuable as a mortality theory? Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-26 Nikkil Sudharsanan,José Manuel Aburto,Tim Riffe,Alyson van Raalte
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Gestational and childhood urinary iodine concentrations and children's cognitive function in a longitudinal mother-child cohort in rural Bangladesh. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-25 Mariza Kampouri,Fahmida Tofail,Syed Moshfiqur Rahman,Klara Gustin,Marie Vahter,Maria Kippler
BACKGROUND Severe iodine deficiency adversely affects neurodevelopment; however, evidence regarding the association of non-severe deficiency and child cognitive functioning is inconclusive. METHODS This prospective mother-child cohort study was nested in a population-based nutritional supplementation trial in Bangladesh (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab [MINIMat]). Participants
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Maternal and prenatal factors and age at thelarche in the LEGACY Girls Study cohort: implications for breast cancer risk. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-25 Mandy Goldberg,Jasmine A McDonald,Lauren C Houghton,Irene L Andrulis,Julia A Knight,Angela R Bradbury,Lisa A Schwartz,Saundra S Buys,Caren J Frost,Mary B Daly,Esther M John,Theresa H M Keegan,Wendy K Chung,Ying Wei,Mary Beth Terry
BACKGROUND Earlier onset of breast development (thelarche) is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Identifying modifiable factors associated with earlier thelarche may provide an opportunity for breast cancer risk reduction starting early in life, which could especially benefit girls with a greater absolute risk of breast cancer due to family history. METHODS We assessed associations of maternal
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Cohort Profile Update: The 45 and Up Study. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-23 Kerrin Bleicher,Richard Summerhayes,Sarah Baynes,Michael Swarbrick,Tina Navin Cristina,Hans Luc,Greer Dawson,Alison Cowle,Xenia Dolja-Gore,Martin McNamara
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Social determinants of tuberculosis: a nationwide case-control study, Denmark, 1990-2018. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-20 Anne Christine Nordholm,Aase Bengaard Andersen,Christian Wejse,Anders Norman,Claus Thorn Ekstrøm,Peter Henrik Andersen,Anders Koch,Troels Lillebaek
BACKGROUND The global vision is a world free of tuberculosis (TB). Even in resource-rich TB low-incidence settings, we need more focus on the role of social risk factors to end the TB epidemic. METHODS Nationwide, retrospective register-based, case-control study from 1990 to 2018, including all TB patients in Denmark ≥18 years old (n = 9581) matched 1:3 on sex and age with population controls. TB risk
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Japanese Encephalitis Virus as another emerging infectious disease: is a lack of epidemiological tools the pig in the room? Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 Philip Weinstein,Jessica Stanhope
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Gestational age at birth, chronic conditions and school outcomes: a population-based data linkage study of children born in England. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 Nicolás Libuy,Ruth Gilbert,Louise Mc Grath-Lone,Ruth Blackburn,David Etoori,Katie Harron
INTRODUCTION We aimed to generate evidence about child development measured through school attainment and provision of special educational needs (SEN) across the spectrum of gestational age, including for children born early term and >41 weeks of gestation, with and without chronic health conditions. METHODS We used a national linked dataset of hospital and education records of children born in England
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Time-varying association between fetal death and gestational exposure to ambient fine particles: a nationwide epidemiological study of 49 million fetuses in the contiguous US from 1989 to 2004. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 Mingkun Tong,Pengfei Li,Meng Wang,Yilun Sun,Yiqun Han,Hengyi Liu,Jiajianghui Li,Jiwei Li,Fei Wu,Tianjia Guan,Tao Xue
BACKGROUND Gestational exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of fetal death in recent studies, but earlier studies in the past century have usually reported a non-significant association. As such, it remains unknown whether this adverse effect of PM2.5 exposure varies with time. METHODS Nearly 49.2 million eligible birth and fetal death
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Emulating a target trial of intensive nurse home visiting in the policy-relevant population using linked administrative data. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-18 Margarita Moreno-Betancur,John W Lynch,Rhiannon M Pilkington,Helena S Schuch,Angela Gialamas,Michael G Sawyer,Catherine R Chittleborough,Stefanie Schurer,Lyle C Gurrin
BACKGROUND Populations willing to participate in randomized trials may not correspond well to policy-relevant target populations. Evidence of effectiveness that is complementary to randomized trials may be obtained by combining the 'target trial' causal inference framework with whole-of-population linked administrative data. METHODS We demonstrate this approach in an evaluation of the South Australian
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Case fatality risk of diarrhoeal pathogens: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-17 Ernest O Asare,Dianna Hergott,Jessica Seiler,Brooks Morgan,Helena Archer,Alison B Wiyeh,Boya Guo,Matt Driver,Birgitte Giersing,Mateusz Hasso-Agopsowicz,Jairam Lingappa,Benjamin A Lopman,Virginia E Pitzer
BACKGROUND Estimates of the relative contribution of different pathogens to all-cause diarrhoea mortality are needed to inform global diarrhoea burden models and prioritize interventions. We aimed to investigate and estimate heterogeneity in the case fatality risk (CFR) of different diarrhoeal pathogens. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported cases and deaths
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Pre-processing data to reduce biases: full matching incorporating an instrumental variable in population-based studies. Int. J. Epidemiol. (IF 9.685) Pub Date : 2022-05-13 Ilan Cerna-Turoff,Katherine Maurer,Michael Baiocchi
BACKGROUND Epidemiologists are often concerned with unobserved biases that produce confounding in population-based studies. We introduce a new design approach-'full matching incorporating an instrumental variable (IV)' or 'Full-IV Matching'-and illustrate its utility in reducing observed and unobserved biases to increase inference accuracy. Our motivating example is tailored to a central question in