Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is often regarded as a less frequent pattern of spread; however, collectively across all spectra of primary tumors, the consequences of PM impact a large population of patients annually. Unlike other modes of metastasis, symptoms at presentation or during the treatment course are common, representing an additional challenge in the management of PM. Early efforts with chemotherapy

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently linked to almost 35,000 new cases of cancer in women and men each year in the United States. Gardasil-9 (Merck & Company), the only HPV vaccine now available in the United States, is nearly 100% effective at preventing precancers caused by oncogenic HPV types. In the United States, however, only about one half of adolescents are up to date with HPV vaccination

Sinonasal malignancies make up <5% of all head and neck neoplasms, with an incidence of 0.5–1.0 per 100,000. The outcome of these rare malignancies has been poor, whereas significant progress has been made in the management of other cancers. The objective of the current review was to describe the incidence, causes, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and recent developments of malignancies of the sinonasal

Previous studies using data from the early 2000s demonstrated that patients who were uninsured were more likely to present with late-stage disease and had worse short-term survival after cancer diagnosis in the United States. In this report, the authors provide comprehensive data on the associations of health insurance coverage type with stage at diagnosis and long-term survival in individuals aged

Anew study reports that breast cancer (BC) survivors are at a greater risk for diabetes, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia than women who have never been treated for BC. Appearing in the Journal of Clinical Oncology (doi:10.1200/JCO.21.01738), the study is based on data derived from the Pathways Heart Study at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). According to lead researcher, Marilyn L

“We believe everyone should do their part through vaccination and masking to protect this vulnerable community.” —Changchuan (Charles) Jiang, MD, MPH Two new studies examine COVID-19 from the perspective of cancer survivors. One of the studies, which appears in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute (JNCI) (doi:10.1093/jnci/djab012), examines the prevalence among cancer survivors of medical factors

The number of cancer survivors continues to increase in the United States due to the growth and aging of the population as well as advances in early detection and treatment. To assist the public health community in better serving these individuals, the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute collaborate triennially to estimate cancer prevalence in the United States using incidence

Brain metastases are a challenging manifestation of renal cell carcinoma. We have a limited understanding of brain metastasis tumor and immune biology, drivers of resistance to systemic treatment, and their overall poor prognosis. Current data support a multimodal treatment strategy with radiation treatment and/or surgery. Nonetheless, the optimal approach for the management of brain metastases from

Depression is highly prevalent in those diagnosed with cancer and is also associated with poorer prognostic outcomes. Mindfulness-based interventions are effective in reducing depressive symptoms and improving quality of life in patients with cancer. The objective of this review was to investigate whether mindfulness practices can improve survival and, if so, what mechanisms of action may contribute

Patients with advanced cancer generate 4 million visits annually to emergency departments (EDs) and other dedicated, high-acuity oncology urgent care centers. Because of both the increasing complexity of systemic treatments overall and the higher rates of active therapy in the geriatric population, many patients experiencing acute decompensations are frail and acutely ill. This article comprehensively

Approximately one-half of individuals with cancer face personal economic burdens associated with the disease and its treatment, a problem known as financial toxicity (FT). FT more frequently affects socioeconomically vulnerable individuals and leads to subsequent adverse economic and health outcomes. Whereas multilevel systemic factors at the policy, payer, and provider levels drive FT, there are also

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents approximately 10% of all cancers and is the second most common cause of cancer deaths. Initial clinical presentation as metastatic CRC (mCRC) occurs in approximately 20% of patients. Moreover, up to 50% of patients with localized disease eventually develop metastases. Appropriate clinical management of these patients is still a challenging medical issue. Major efforts

Twenty years after the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks, the association between exposures present at the World Trade Center (WTC) site and the risk of several specific types of cancer has been reported among rescue and recovery workers. The authors' objective was to conduct an updated review of these data. Most studies have found elevated rates of both prostate and thyroid cancers compared with

The integration of genomic data into personalized treatment planning has revolutionized oncology care. Despite this, patients with cancer remain vulnerable to high rates of adverse drug events and medication inefficacy, affecting prognosis and quality of life. Pharmacogenomics is a field seeking to identify germline genetic variants that contribute to an individual's unique drug response. Although

Sexual function is a vital aspect of human health and is recognized as a critical component of cancer survivorship. Understanding and evaluating the impacts of radiotherapy on female sexual function requires precise knowledge of the organs involved in sexual function and the relationship between radiotherapy exposure and sexual tissue function. Although substantial evidence exists describing the impact

There are nearly 17 million cancer survivors living in the United States. Research suggests that lifestyle factors, such as a person's body weight, how physically active they are, what they eat, and whether they drink alcohol, may affect their survival and wellness following a cancer diagnosis. The American Cancer Society (ACS) recently reviewed the research on how these factors may influence cancer

The overall 5-year relative survival rate for all cancers combined is now 68%, and there are over 16.9 million survivors in the United States. Evidence from laboratory and observational studies suggests that factors such as diet, physical activity, and obesity may affect risk for recurrence and overall survival after a cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this American Cancer Society guideline is to provide

Key Points The cumulative incidence of breast cancer recurrence (BCR) continues to increase decades after a diagnosis of nonmetastatic female breast cancer. Factors that are independently associated with a greater risk of late recurrence include a diagnosis before the age of 40 years, estrogen receptor–positive tumors, treatment with breast-conserving surgery, 4 or more positive lymph nodes, and a

“We found that ctHPVDNA alone had excellent diagnostic accuracy. When we added physical exam and imaging findings into an algorithm with ctHPVDNA, this maintained high diagnostic accuracy and increased confidence in a non–tissue-based diagnosis.”—Daniel Faden, MD Key Points A prospective, observational study compared a noninvasive approach using liquid biopsies to detect circulating human papillomavirus

Inherited genetic mutations can significantly increase the risk for prostate cancer (PC), may be associated with aggressive disease and poorer outcomes, and can have hereditary cancer implications for men and their families. Germline genetic testing (hereditary cancer genetic testing) is now strongly recommended for patients with advanced/metastatic PC, particularly given the impact on targeted therapy

Key Points Researchers found that 30.5% of the social media articles they surveyed contained harmful information. They noted that erroneous information spreads more widely than data-driven information from reliable sources. When patients arrive at their clinical appointments wielding content from social media about their cancer diagnosis and treatment options, there is a nearly 1 in 3 chance that they

Key Points The genomic-adjusted radiation dose (GARD) is the first opportunity to use genomic information to optimize radiotherapy doses. GARD was significantly associated with survival and recurrence, whereas the physical radiation dose was not. Using the predicted radiation dose effect derived from an individual patient's genomic profile may result in a better outcome according to a new study appearing

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes. Incidence data (through 2018) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries

African American/Black individuals have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the highest mortality and the lowest survival of any racial/ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence (herein through 2018), mortality (through

Initial Case Presentation A 65-year-old woman presented to an outside hospital with vaginal bleeding in 2009. Dilatation and curettage showed endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade 2. She underwent exploratory laparotomy with pelvic washings, total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, bilateral pelvic and para-aortic

Key Points The incidence rate of subsequent malignant neoplasms due to human papillomavirus (SMNHPVs) was nearly 3 times higher among childhood cancer survivors than the general population with a 33-year cumulative incidence of approximately 0.3%. Female survivors did not have an increased risk of cervical or vulvar cancers, but oropharyngeal and anorectal cancers were more common among both male and

Key Points The age-adjusted incidence rates of opportunistic salpingectomy (OS) for sterilization and during hysterectomy increased nearly 18-fold and nearly 8-fold, respectively, between the years 2010 and 2017. There was higher uptake of OS for sterilization in the Northeast and West and within urban locations. OS use during hysterectomy was higher among women undergoing an abdominal hysterectomy

Generating evidence on the use, effectiveness, and safety of new cancer therapies is a priority for researchers, health care providers, payers, and regulators given the rapid pace of change in cancer diagnosis and treatments. The use of real-world data (RWD) is integral to understanding the utilization patterns and outcomes of these new treatments among patients with cancer who are treated in clinical

The authors define molecular imaging, according to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, as the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems. Although practiced for many years clinically in nuclear medicine, expansion to other imaging modalities began roughly 25 years ago and has accelerated

In this report, the authors provide comprehensive and up-to-date US data on disparities in cancer occurrence, major risk factors, and access to and utilization of preventive measures and screening by sociodemographic characteristics. They also review programs and resources that have reduced cancer disparities and provide policy recommendations to further mitigate these inequalities. The overall cancer

Although rare, the rate of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is rising globally. Most patients present with nonmetastatic disease and are curable with appropriate treatment, which has evolved significantly over the last several decades. Before the 1970s, SCCA was managed with radical surgery, resulting in a permanent colostomy. Researchers found that preoperative treatment with chemotherapy

Smoking cessation reduces the risk of death, improves recovery, and reduces the risk of hospital readmission. Evidence and policy support hospital admission as an ideal time to deliver smoking-cessation interventions. However, this is not well implemented in practice. In this systematic review, the authors summarize the literature on smoking-cessation implementation strategies and evaluate their success

Radiation therapy (RT) continues to play an important role in the treatment of cancer. Adaptive RT (ART) is a novel method through which RT treatments are evolving. With the ART approach, computed tomography or magnetic resonance (MR) images are obtained as part of the treatment delivery process. This enables the adaptation of the irradiated volume to account for changes in organ and/or tumor position

As distinct cancer biomarkers have been discovered in recent years, a need to reclassify tumors by more than their histology has been proposed, and therapies are now tailored to treat cancers based on specific molecular aberrations and immunologic markers. In fact, multiple histology-agnostic therapies are currently adopted in clinical practice for treating patients regardless of their tumor site of

The increase in cancer incidence and mortality is challenging current cancer care delivery globally, disproportionally affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) when it comes to receiving evidence-based cancer prevention, treatment, and palliative and survivorship care. Patients in LMICs often rely on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) that is more familiar, less costly

Key Points Most study participants (67.3%) said that they found the virtual exercise regimen intensity similar to that of an in-person program. Participants reported no adverse events related to virtual training. Physical and psychological outcomes improved significantly during the course of the 12-week intervention. Social distancing due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced

Key Points Study participants preferred the term grade group 1 (GG 1) over Gleason 6; they were less inclined to seek immediate treatment and preferred active surveillance when the GG 1 diagnosis was used. The term indolent lesion of epithelial origin (IDLE) was not viewed favorably by study participants and heightened their anxiety, perhaps because the words were difficult for them to comprehend.

Case Presentation and Overview Mrs. GG is a 76-year-old woman who presented in March 2020 with a 4-month history of middle back pain radiating to the right chest wall. A magnetic resonance image of the thoracic spine on March 11, 2020, revealed the presence of 4.4-cm right posterior mediastinal lung mass in close contact with the T8 and T9 vertebral bodies. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

The Hispanic/Latino population is the second largest racial/ethnic group in the continental United States and Hawaii, accounting for 18% (60.6 million) of the total population. An additional 3 million Hispanic Americans live in Puerto Rico. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society reports on cancer occurrence, risk factors, and screening for Hispanic individuals in the United States using the most

Infection is the second leading cause of death in patients with cancer. Loss of efficacy in antibiotics due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an urgent threat against the continuing success of cancer therapy. In this review, the authors focus on recent updates on the impact of antibiotic resistance in the cancer setting, particularly on the ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus

Despite being highly preventable, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer and cause of cancer death in women globally. In low-income countries, cervical cancer is often the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are at a particularly high risk of cervical cancer because of an impaired

In order to maintain the high standards of CA’s content, the Editors of CA rely on the knowledge and dedication of many experts in deciding which topics to pursue, which manuscripts to publish, and what modifications to make to ensure medical and scientific accuracy and suitability for our readers. We thank our Associate Editors and our Editorial Advisory Board, who continue to provide these services

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common, highly symptomatic complication of cancer therapy that affects patients' function, quality of life, and ability to tolerate treatment. In certain patients with cancer, OM is associated with increased mortality. Research on the management of OM is ongoing. Oral mucosal toxicities are also reported in targeted and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. The objective of

Key Points Participants in this study who rarely consumed breakfast had a higher risk for both cancer-related mortality and all-cause mortality than those who said they ate breakfast daily. Eating a healthy breakfast can help with adherence to the American Cancer Society Guideline for Diet and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention. Because eating breakfast consistently is associated with several

“We must stress that irregular screening can result in a missed opportunity to diagnose cancer when it is small and has not spread. Regular cancer screening is important, and while short delays are acceptable, long delays are not.”—Robert Smith, PhD Key Points An analysis of private insurance claims from health care before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic showed that after

Brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors are among the most fatal cancers and account for substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. Population-based data from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (a combined data set of the National Program of Cancer Registries [NPCR] and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER] registries), NPCR, National Vital

Radiation therapy (RT) is a curative treatment for many malignancies and provides effective palliation in patients with tumor-related symptoms. However, the biophysical effects of RT are not specific to tumor cells and may produce toxicity due to exposure of surrounding organs and tissues. In this article, the authors review the clinical context, pathophysiology, risk factors, presentation, and management

Chronic caloric restriction (CR) has powerful anticarcinogenic actions in both preclinical and clinical studies but may be difficult to sustain. As an alternative to CR, there has been growing interest in intermittent fasting (IF) in both the scientific and lay community as a result of promising study results, mainly in experimental animal models. According to a survey by the International Food Information

Key Points Smoking cessation interventions at the time of lung cancer screening are cost-effective. All of the cessation methods considered in this study were roughly equal in delivering benefits at similar costs. A new study has found that offering smoking cessation interventions to current smokers simultaneously with lung cancer screenings provides more years of lifesaving benefit than screening

Key Points Two phase 1 clinical studies suggest that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may restore sensitivity to anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti–PD-1) inhibition among some patients whose metastatic melanoma has persisted or progressed during treatment with anti–PD-1 drugs. Further investigations are needed to better identify microbial, circulating, and intratumoral biomarkers in order

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Lung cancer screening (LCS) reduces NSCLC mortality; however, a lack of diversity in LCS studies may limit the generalizability of the results to marginalized groups who face higher risk for and worse outcomes from NSCLC. Identifying sources of inequity in the LCS pipeline is essential to reduce disparities in NSCLC outcomes.

Cancer has myriad effects on metabolism that include both rewiring of intracellular metabolism to enable cancer cells to proliferate inappropriately and adapt to the tumor microenvironment, and changes in normal tissue metabolism. With the recognition that fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography imaging is an important tool for the management of many cancers, other metabolites in biological

Case Presentation The patient (ML) was followed at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from 2009 to 2012, at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2013 to 2016, and at Intermountain Healthcare of Utah from 2017 onward. ML is a 41 year old male who, in August 2009 at the age of 30 years, presented to his internist with abdominal pain and hypercalcemia of 10.8 mg/dL (normal range

Distress management (DM) (screening and response) is an essential component of cancer care across the treatment trajectory. Effective DM has many benefits, including improving patients' quality of life; reducing distress, anxiety, and depression; contributing to medical cost offsets; and reducing emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Unfortunately, many distressed patients do not receive

Key Points Assessed molecular testing techniques allowed 49% of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules to avoid diagnostic surgery. The 2 commercially available tests compared in this study (an RNA test and a DNA‐RNA test) had similar sensitivity and specificity. A new study compared the performance characteristics of an RNA test and a DNA‐RNA test for predicting the malignancy risks of the approximately

Key Points Ninety‐two percent of the study participants “never,” “rarely,” or only “sometimes” reacted negatively to multigene panel results. Carriers of high‐ and moderate‐risk pathogenic variants (PVs) had higher levels of uncertainty and distress regarding the panels, whereas patients with a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) or negative findings had lower levels of uncertainty and distress

Carlisle JW, Steuer CE, Owonikoko TK, Saba NF. An update on the immune landscape in lung and head and neck cancers. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020:70:505‐517. On page 2, 1st paragraph under Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Advanced/Metastatic Disease, reference #4 should be moved to the end of the 3rd sentence as follows: Thus nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab were approved based on results of the CheckMate

This erratum corrects the following: Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:7-33. doi:10.3322/caac.21654 In the aforementioned article, an error appears in Figure 1. The correct number of female estimated deaths for ovary is 13,770. The authors apologize for the error.