Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising immunotherapeutic treatment concept that is changing the treatment approach to hematologic malignancies. The development of CAR T-cell therapy represents a prime example for the successful bench-to-bedside translation of advances in immunology and cellular therapy into clinical practice. The currently available CAR T-cell products have shown

Key Points Most study participants (67.3%) said that they found the virtual exercise regimen intensity similar to that of an in-person program. Participants reported no adverse events related to virtual training. Physical and psychological outcomes improved significantly during the course of the 12-week intervention. Social distancing due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced

Key Points Study participants preferred the term grade group 1 (GG 1) over Gleason 6; they were less inclined to seek immediate treatment and preferred active surveillance when the GG 1 diagnosis was used. The term indolent lesion of epithelial origin (IDLE) was not viewed favorably by study participants and heightened their anxiety, perhaps because the words were difficult for them to comprehend.

The Hispanic/Latino population is the second largest racial/ethnic group in the continental United States and Hawaii, accounting for 18% (60.6 million) of the total population. An additional 3 million Hispanic Americans live in Puerto Rico. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society reports on cancer occurrence, risk factors, and screening for Hispanic individuals in the United States using the most

Infection is the second leading cause of death in patients with cancer. Loss of efficacy in antibiotics due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an urgent threat against the continuing success of cancer therapy. In this review, the authors focus on recent updates on the impact of antibiotic resistance in the cancer setting, particularly on the ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus

Despite being highly preventable, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer and cause of cancer death in women globally. In low-income countries, cervical cancer is often the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are at a particularly high risk of cervical cancer because of an impaired

Case Presentation and Overview Mrs. GG is a 76-year-old woman who presented in March 2020 with a 4-month history of middle back pain radiating to the right chest wall. A magnetic resonance image of the thoracic spine on March 11, 2020, revealed the presence of 4.4-cm right posterior mediastinal lung mass in close contact with the T8 and T9 vertebral bodies. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

Key Points Participants in this study who rarely consumed breakfast had a higher risk for both cancer-related mortality and all-cause mortality than those who said they ate breakfast daily. Eating a healthy breakfast can help with adherence to the American Cancer Society Guideline for Diet and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention. Because eating breakfast consistently is associated with several

“We must stress that irregular screening can result in a missed opportunity to diagnose cancer when it is small and has not spread. Regular cancer screening is important, and while short delays are acceptable, long delays are not.”—Robert Smith, PhD Key Points An analysis of private insurance claims from health care before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic showed that after

Brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors are among the most fatal cancers and account for substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. Population-based data from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (a combined data set of the National Program of Cancer Registries [NPCR] and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER] registries), NPCR, National Vital

Radiation therapy (RT) is a curative treatment for many malignancies and provides effective palliation in patients with tumor-related symptoms. However, the biophysical effects of RT are not specific to tumor cells and may produce toxicity due to exposure of surrounding organs and tissues. In this article, the authors review the clinical context, pathophysiology, risk factors, presentation, and management

In order to maintain the high standards of CA’s content, the Editors of CA rely on the knowledge and dedication of many experts in deciding which topics to pursue, which manuscripts to publish, and what modifications to make to ensure medical and scientific accuracy and suitability for our readers. We thank our Associate Editors and our Editorial Advisory Board, who continue to provide these services

Chronic caloric restriction (CR) has powerful anticarcinogenic actions in both preclinical and clinical studies but may be difficult to sustain. As an alternative to CR, there has been growing interest in intermittent fasting (IF) in both the scientific and lay community as a result of promising study results, mainly in experimental animal models. According to a survey by the International Food Information

Key Points Smoking cessation interventions at the time of lung cancer screening are cost-effective. All of the cessation methods considered in this study were roughly equal in delivering benefits at similar costs. A new study has found that offering smoking cessation interventions to current smokers simultaneously with lung cancer screenings provides more years of lifesaving benefit than screening

Key Points Two phase 1 clinical studies suggest that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may restore sensitivity to anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti–PD-1) inhibition among some patients whose metastatic melanoma has persisted or progressed during treatment with anti–PD-1 drugs. Further investigations are needed to better identify microbial, circulating, and intratumoral biomarkers in order

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Lung cancer screening (LCS) reduces NSCLC mortality; however, a lack of diversity in LCS studies may limit the generalizability of the results to marginalized groups who face higher risk for and worse outcomes from NSCLC. Identifying sources of inequity in the LCS pipeline is essential to reduce disparities in NSCLC outcomes.

Cancer has myriad effects on metabolism that include both rewiring of intracellular metabolism to enable cancer cells to proliferate inappropriately and adapt to the tumor microenvironment, and changes in normal tissue metabolism. With the recognition that fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography imaging is an important tool for the management of many cancers, other metabolites in biological

Case Presentation The patient (ML) was followed at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from 2009 to 2012, at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2013 to 2016, and at Intermountain Healthcare of Utah from 2017 onward. ML is a 41 year old male who, in August 2009 at the age of 30 years, presented to his internist with abdominal pain and hypercalcemia of 10.8 mg/dL (normal range

Distress management (DM) (screening and response) is an essential component of cancer care across the treatment trajectory. Effective DM has many benefits, including improving patients' quality of life; reducing distress, anxiety, and depression; contributing to medical cost offsets; and reducing emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Unfortunately, many distressed patients do not receive

Key Points Assessed molecular testing techniques allowed 49% of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules to avoid diagnostic surgery. The 2 commercially available tests compared in this study (an RNA test and a DNA‐RNA test) had similar sensitivity and specificity. A new study compared the performance characteristics of an RNA test and a DNA‐RNA test for predicting the malignancy risks of the approximately

Key Points Ninety‐two percent of the study participants “never,” “rarely,” or only “sometimes” reacted negatively to multigene panel results. Carriers of high‐ and moderate‐risk pathogenic variants (PVs) had higher levels of uncertainty and distress regarding the panels, whereas patients with a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) or negative findings had lower levels of uncertainty and distress

Carlisle JW, Steuer CE, Owonikoko TK, Saba NF. An update on the immune landscape in lung and head and neck cancers. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020:70:505‐517. On page 2, 1st paragraph under Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Advanced/Metastatic Disease, reference #4 should be moved to the end of the 3rd sentence as follows: Thus nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab were approved based on results of the CheckMate

This erratum corrects the following: Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:7-33. doi:10.3322/caac.21654 In the aforementioned article, an error appears in Figure 1. The correct number of female estimated deaths for ovary is 13,770. The authors apologize for the error.

Although significant improvements have been made in the outcomes of children with cancer, the pace of improvement has slowed in recent years as the limits of therapy intensification may have been reached for many pediatric cancers. Furthermore, with increasing numbers of pediatric cancer survivors, the long-term side effects of treatment have become increasingly apparent. Therefore, attention has shifted

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging for all cancer sites has been periodically updated as a published manual for many years. The last update, the eighth edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual went into use on January 1, 2018. The AJCC has since restructured and updated its processes, and all AJCC staging-related data are now housed on its new application

Key Points The opioid prescribing patterns of 13 urologists changed after they participated in a multipronged behavioral intervention. The median number of oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) prescribed at hospital discharge decreased from 195 to 19 for prostatectomies and from 200 to 0 for nephrectomies. The study's authors are not advocating for the total elimination of opioid prescribing but note that

Key Points Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) stool samples with the lightest color had significantly lower fecal hemoglobin (Hb) levels than all darker classes. It is reassuring that among the 467 patients who underwent colonoscopy regardless of FIT results, light‐color samples did not yield higher false‐negative results for colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas. “It's important that … patients are

Gastric cancer is not a top‐10 malignancy in the United States but represents one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Biological differences between tumors from Eastern and Western countries add to the complexity of identifying standard‐of‐care therapy based on international trials. Systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy all have proven efficacy

Case Presentation L.B. is a 68‐year‐old Hispanic man who presented with hematochezia, narrowed stools, and unintentional weight loss over 4 months. A colonoscopy in May 2019 revealed a 6‐cm, nonobstructing, fungating rectal mass 8 cm from the anal verge. Biopsy confirmed a moderately differentiated, invasive adenocarcinoma. Cross‐sectional computed tomography (CT) and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging

This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2017) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality

We are experiencing a revolution in cancer. Advances in screening, targeted and immune therapies, big data, computational methodologies, and significant new knowledge of cancer biology are transforming the ways in which we prevent, detect, diagnose, treat, and survive cancer. These advances are enabling durable progress in the goal to achieve personalized cancer care. Despite these gains, more work

We appreciate the letter from Kacew et al regarding the updated American Cancer Society (ACS) human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination recommendations,1 which represent an adaption of the recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).2 In particular, Kacew et al take issue with the ACS Guideline Development Group's not endorsing the ACIP's recommendation that adults aged

In order to maintain the high standards of CA's content, the CA editorial team relies on the knowledge and dedication of many experts in helping us to decide which topics to pursue, which manuscripts to publish, and what modifications to request to ensure medical and scientific accuracy and suitability for our readers. We thank our Associate Editors and our Editorial Advisory Board, who continue to

Sexual function is a vital aspect of quality of life among adolescent and young adult (AYA) (ages 15-39 years) cancer survivors. Sexual function encompasses physical, psychosocial, and developmental factors that contribute to sexual health, all of which may be negatively impacted by cancer and treatment. However, limited information is available to inform the care of AYA cancer survivors in this regard

Cancer treatment is associated with financial hardship for many patients and families. Screening for financial hardship and referrals to appropriate resources for mitigation are not currently part of most clinical practices. In fact, discussions regarding the cost of treatment occur infrequently in clinical practice. As the cost of cancer treatment continues to rise, the need to mitigate adverse consequences

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health care providers and institutions have recommended delaying the treatment of some patients with cancer, especially during peaks of infection incidence, with the intent of reducing patient exposure to the virus and prioritizing health care resources. For patients and clinicians who may be uneasy about delaying cancer treatments during

The application of genomic profiling assays using plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is rapidly evolving in the management of patients with advanced solid tumors. Diverse plasma ctDNA technologies in both commercial and academic laboratories are in routine or emerging use. The increasing integration of such testing to inform treatment decision making by oncology clinicians has complexities and challenges

Until recently, cancer registries have only collected cancer clinical stage at diagnosis, before any therapy, and pathological stage after surgical resection, provided no treatment has been given before the surgery, but they have not collected stage data after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Because NAT is increasingly being used to treat a variety of tumors, it has become important to make the distinction

Guidelines promote high quality cancer care. Rehabilitation recommendations in oncology guidelines have not been characterized and may provide insight to improve integration of rehabilitation into oncology care. This report was developed as a part of the World Health Organization (WHO) Rehabilitation 2030 initiative to identify rehabilitation-specific recommendations in guidelines for oncology care

We read with interest the recent updated human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination guideline presented by Saslow et al on behalf of the American Cancer Society (ACS) Guideline Development Group.1 Although the recommendations offer sound guidance to promote vaccination, we disagree with the authors’ decision to universally reject shared decision making for all unvaccinated individuals aged 27 through 45

The American Cancer Society (ACS) has updated its recommendations on screening for cervical cancer. These recommendations are for individuals with a cervix who do not have symptoms of cervical cancer, who have never had a diagnosis of cervical cancer or precancer, and who do not have a health condition that weakens the immune system. An individual who meets these criteria and has been vaccinated against

Cancer is a disease of aging and, as the world's population ages, the number of older persons with cancer is increasing and will make up a growing share of the oncology population in virtually every country. Despite this, older patients remain vastly underrepresented in research that sets the standards for cancer treatments. Consequently, most of what we know about cancer therapeutics is based on clinical

The delivery of cancer care has never changed as rapidly and dramatically as we have seen with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. During the early phase of the pandemic, recommendations for the management of oncology patients issued by various professional societies and government agencies did not recognize the significant regional differences in the impact of the pandemic. California

According to a recent systematic review, efforts to deimplement 4 low-value surgical procedures for patients with early-stage breast cancer have been applied inconsistently, bringing mixed results. Indeed, although investigators found significant risks for medical complications, higher health care costs, and work absences without increased survival rates for the surgeries, 2 of the procedures still

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has recommended against prostate-specific antigen–based (PSA) screening studies, first in 2008 for men aged 75 years and older and then in 2012 for all men. Recent studies have reported a shift in US prostate cancer incidence rates when stratified by stage of disease beginning in 2008, with rates increasing for regional-stage and distant-stage disease

A healthy, premenopausal woman aged 45 years discovered a lump in her right breast and her right axilla. Physical examination disclosed a 3-cm mass with ill-defined borders in the upper outer quadrant (UOQ) of the right breast, without skin changes, and a 2-cm mobile right axillary lymph node. There was no cervical or supraclavicular adenopathy. Bilateral diagnostic mammography demonstrated a cluster

Cancer statistics for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (aged 15‐39 years) are often presented in aggregate, masking important heterogeneity. The authors analyzed population‐based cancer incidence and mortality for AYAs in the United States by age group (ages 15‐19, 20‐29, and 30‐39 years), sex, and race/ethnicity. In 2020, there will be approximately 89,500 new cancer cases and 9270 cancer deaths

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV‐2) has given rise to a pandemic of unprecedented proportions in the modern era because of its highly contagious nature and impact on human health and society: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and established CV disease (CVD) are among those initially identified at the highest risk for serious

Onconephrology is a new subspecialty of nephrology that recognizes the important intersections of kidney disease with cancer. This intersection takes many forms and includes drug‐induced nephrotoxicity, electrolyte disorders, paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis, and the interactions of chronic kidney disease with cancer. Data clearly demonstrate that, when patients with cancer develop acute or chronic

Immunotherapy has dramatically changed the treatment landscape for patients with cancer. Programmed death–ligand 1/programmed death‐1 checkpoint inhibitors have been in the forefront of this clinical revolution. Currently, there are 6 US Food and Drug Administration‐approved checkpoint inhibitors for approximately 18 different histologic types of cancer. Lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell

Outdoor air pollution is a major contributor to the burden of disease worldwide. Most of the global population resides in places where air pollution levels, because of emissions from industry, power generation, transportation, and domestic burning, considerably exceed the World Health Organization's health‐based air‐quality guidelines. Outdoor air pollution poses an urgent worldwide public health challenge

The management of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)–positive breast cancer (BC) has rapidly evolved over the last 20 years. Major advances have led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of 7 HER2‐targeted therapies for the treatment of early‐stage and/or advanced‐stage disease. Although oncologic outcomes continue to improve, most patients with advanced HER2‐positive BC ultimately

This patient information sheet contains advice from the American Cancer Society about how good nutrition and physical activity can help you reduce your risk of cancer.