Background:Subacromial balloon spacers have been introduced as a potential treatment option for patients with massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. However, it is important to comprehensively ass...

Background:Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) has been demonstrated to be a valuable treatment for patients with irreparable massive rotator cuff tears (IMRCTs). However, the torn medial supras...

Background:Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is often a chronic problem, which can lead to a decrease in mental well-being.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to determine patient men...

Background:Trochlear dysplasia is a known risk factor for patellar instability. Multiple radiographic measurements exist to assess trochlear morphology, but the optimal measurement technique and th...

Background:Anterior shoulder instability can result in bone loss of both the anterior glenoid and the posterior humerus. Bone loss has been shown to lead to increased failure postoperatively and ma...

Background:Sufficient distraction of the hip is the key to a safe central compartment (CC) approach in hip arthroscopy. However, an adequate distraction gap has not been scientifically identified.P...

Background:Limited studies have compared graft-glenoid apposition and glenoid augmentation area between the Latarjet procedure and distal clavicle graft in glenohumeral stabilization. Additionally,...

Background:It is currently unknown whether the addition of arthroscopic labral repair in the setting of periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) provides any clinical benefit.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose o...

Background:Recent biomechanical studies have reported that stress on the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) graft increases as the posterior tibial slope (PTS) decreases (flattened) in knees with si...

Background:The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in children and adolescents has increased significantly, and many such patients are at increased risk for ACL rete...

Background:Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), Kaplan fibers (KFs), anterolateral capsule/ligament (C/ALL), and lateral meniscus posterior root (LMPR) have been separately linked to a...

Background:Tissue engineering is a promising treatment option for meniscal lesions in the avascular area, but a favorable cell source and its utilization in tissue-engineered menisci remain uncerta...

Background:“Failure” is a term that is frequently used to describe an unfavorable outcome for patients who undergo surgical treatment for lateral ankle instability (LAI). A standard definition of f...

Background:Poor tendon-to-bone healing in chronic rotator cuff tears (RCTs) is related to unsatisfactory outcomes. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells reportedly enhance rotator cuff heali...

Background:Persistent instability of the knee is reported in up to 30% of patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Based on anatomic findings showing that ACL is a flat ribbo...

Background:The accurate evaluation of rotator cuff (RC) fatty degeneration after tears is critical for appropriate surgical decision making and prognosis. However, there is currently no reliable an...

Background:Pelvic tilt directly influences acetabular version on radiographs. Changes of pelvic tilt potentially affect acetabular reorientation after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO).Purpose:(1) To ...

Background:The discoid medial meniscus is a rare congenital anomaly of the knee. The literature is limited to small case series.Purpose/Hypothesis:Our purpose is to report the clinical manifestatio...

Background:There are several anatomic variations of the peroneal muscles and lateral malleolus of the ankle that may play an important role in the onset of peroneal tendon dislocation.Purpose:To in...

Background:Because grafts are made in 0.5-mm increments clinically for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, it is important to clarify how the failure rate decreases as the diameter inc...

Background:Elbow ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries can result in significant functional impairment in throwing and overhead athletes. UCL reconstruction and repair are proven treatments to r...

Background:Bone bruises are commonly seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and can provide insight into the underlying mechanism of injury. The...

Background:Arthroscopic stabilization has been established as a superior treatment option for primary glenohumeral instability when compared with immobilization in internal rotation. However, immob...

Background:Multiple studies have compared outcomes among patients undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with autograft versus allograft, but these data are inconsiste...

Background:The incidence of lateral hinge fractures (LHFs) during medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOW-HTO) is unacceptably high, especially with distractions >10 mm. LHFs result in malu...

Background:Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition caused by repetitive abutment of a morphologically abnormal proximal femur and/or acetabulum that may result in chondral and labral path...

Background:Hamstring tendon grafts are the most common choice for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Previous studies have provided evidence that offers conflicting opinions co...

Background:Return to sport after stabilization surgery using the open Latarjet procedure remains challenging. Additional knowledge is needed about postoperative shoulder functional deficits in orde...

Background:Meniscal ramp lesions are associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and may affect knee stability when left untreated. The diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imagi...

Background:Numerous individual studies suggest that rest may have a negative effect on outcomes following concussion.Purpose:To perform a systematic meta-analysis of the effects of prescribed rest ...

Background:The ligaments and soft tissue capsular structures of the knee joint that provide a resisting force to prevent abnormal knee hyperextension have not been determined. This knowledge is req...

Background:Peritendinous injection of local anesthetics, alone or in combination with corticosteroids, is widely used in the treatment of tendinopathies. Toxicity of local anesthetics has been demo...

Background:Posterior femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is poorly understood. Patients with increased femoral anteversion (FV) exhibit posterior hip pain.Purpose:To correlate hip impingement area w...

Background:Baseball pitchers employ various contralateral trunk tilt (CTT) positions when pitching depending on if they have an overhand, three-quarter, or sidearm delivery. There are no known stud...

Background:Different measures are used to describe relevant anatomic variations that can result in patellofemoral instability and disorders. Knee version, the relative rotational alignment between ...

Background:Although initial studies have demonstrated that concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) injections promote rotator cuff repair (RCR) healing, there are no randomized prospective studies...

Background:The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) expresses both the extent of the improvement and the value that patients place on it. MCI...

Background:Microfracture has the most extensive clinical application because of its advantages of a single operation, unified process, and low operation cost. Because research on the repair mechani...

Background:It is undetermined which factors predict return to work after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Purpose:To identify which factors predicted return to work at any level and return to prein...

Background:Bony remodeling of displaced clavicle fractures in adolescents remains poorly understood.Purpose:To evaluate and quantify clavicle remodeling in a large population of adolescents with co...

Background:There are few well-studied clinical tests for the diagnosis of hip labral tears. As the differential diagnosis for hip pain is broad, accurate clinical examination is important in guidin...

Background:Although nondegradable synthetic grafts for bridging reconstruction of massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) have shown satisfactory clinical outcomes, their function and details on graft-t...

Background:Rates of sports-related concussion (SRC) are high in adolescents. Ambiguity exists regarding the effect of SRC on cognitive function in adolescents.Purpose:To rigorously examine adolesce...

Background:Infiltration of cluster of differentiation (CD) 3+ (CD3+) T cells into the synovium and synovial fluid occurs in most patients with posttraumatic osteoarthritis. During disease progressi...

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using the quadriceps tendon is an increasingly popular technique. Both partial-thickness quadriceps tendon (PT-Q) and full-thickness quad...

Background:Knee kinematic parameters during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) have been demonstrated to be associated with increased risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, st...

Background:Syndesmotic injury in an athletic population is associated with a prolonged ankle disability after an ankle sprain and often requires a longer recovery than a lateral collateral ligament...

Background:Injury of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) has become increasingly common, particularly in overhead athletes. There is no consensus on management of the ulnar nerve in UCL reconstruct...

Background:Recently, a polypropylene mesh has been introduced and reported to improve clinical outcomes after superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) using a fascia lata autograft (FLA). However, me...

Background:High tibial osteotomy (HTO) reduces the load distribution of the medial compartment by modifying leg alignment. Knee adduction moment (KAM), a surrogate measure of dynamic loading in the...

Background:No study has evaluated whether best-fit circles based on glenoids with defects accurately represent normal inferior glenoids before injury.Purpose:To investigate whether the best-fit cir...

Background:Lesions of the articular cartilage, with or without involvement of the subchondral bone, are a common cause of pain and dysfunction in the knee. Although several treatment options have b...

Background:Showcase participation has been considered a risk factor for elbow injuries. It remains unclear whether high school (HS) showcase volume negatively affects pitchers’ career paths. Becaus...

Background:Anterior tibial subluxation (ATS) of the lateral compartment entails a pathological tibiofemoral alignment in knees with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Causes of increased ATS ...

Background:High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a well-recognized procedure for its effectiveness in treating symptomatic early knee arthritis and malalignment. Although there are numerous systematic rev...

Background:Multiple clinical and radiologic risk factors for recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair have been described. Humeral bone loss has gained more recent attention, particu...

Background:Although the initial treatment recommendations for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) may include nonsurgical therapies such as injections and rehabilitation, many patients und...

Background:Nonrigid fixation techniques have been recently introduced in free bone block (FBB) procedures to treat substantial glenoid bone loss in patients with anterior shoulder instability. Howe...

Background:We assessed the efficacy of a novel platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)–augmented repair strategy for promoting biological healing of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) midsubstance tear in a ra...

Background:PARP-1 (poly[ADP-ribose]) was shown to influence the inflammatory response after rotator cuff tear, leading to fibrosis, muscular atrophy, and fatty infiltration in mouse rotator cuff de...