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The m6A methyltransferase METTL3 modifies Kcnk6 promoting on inflammation associated carcinogenesis is essential for colon homeostasis and defense system through histone lactylation dependent YTHDF2 binding. Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-13 Xiaolong Yuan,Qiong Wang,Jun Zhao,Haitang Xie,Zhichen Pu
Inflammation induces tumor formation and plays a crucial role in tumor progression and prognosis. KCNK6, by regulating K(+) efflux to reduce NLRP3 Inflammasome-induced lung injury, relaxes the aorta. This study aims to elucidate the effects and biological mechanism of KCNK6 in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis, which may be essential for colon homeostasis and the defense system. To induce colitis
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Understanding innate and adaptive responses during radiation combined burn injuries. Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Rishav Kumar,Ajay Kumar Sharma,Kirti,Aman Kalonia,Priyanka Shaw,M H Yashvarddhan,Arpana Vibhuti,Sandeep Kumar Shukla
The occurrence of incidents involving radiation-combined burn injuries (RCBI) poses a significant risk to public health. Understanding the immunological and physiological responses associated with such injuries is crucial for developing care triage to counter the mortality that occurs due to the synergistic effects of radiation and burn injuries. The core focus of this narrative review lies in unraveling
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The molecular landscape of T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment and reinvigoration strategies Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan, Alaleh Rezalotfi, Nima Rezaei
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system to target cancer cells. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy is hindered by the ...
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STAT4 and STAT6, their role in cellular and humoral immunity and in diverse human diseases Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-26 Manlio Tolomeo, Antonio Cascio
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 and STAT6 play a crucial role in immune cells by transducing signals from specific cytokine receptors, and inducing transcription of genes ...
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Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with Systemic lupus erythematosus Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-27 Congcong Liu, Zeyang Yu, Yijun Song, Xiaojie Zhang, Jiuliang Zhao, Qian Yu, Mengtao Li, Yuezhen Li, Juntao Liu
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune condition, presents pregnancy-related risks, impacting maternal and fetal health. The immune cell composition and gene expression profiles in pregn...
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Vaccine design and development: Exploring the interface with computational biology and AI Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Ananya, Darshan C. Panchariya, Anandakrishnan Karthic, Surya Pratap Singh, Ashutosh Mani, Aakash Chawade, Sandeep Kushwaha
Computational biology involves applying computer science and informatics techniques in biology to understand complex biological data. It allows us to collect, connect, and analyze biological data a...
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The emerging role of T helper 9 (Th9) cells in immunopathophysiology: A comprehensive review of their effects and responsiveness in various disease states Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-06-12 Manoj Khokhar, Purvi Purohit
Th9 cells, a subset of T-helper cells producing interleukin-9 (IL-9), play a vital role in the adaptive immune response and have diverse effects in different diseases. Regulated by transcription fa...
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Macrophage: A key player in neuropathic pain Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Ying Ye, Hao Cheng, Yan Wang, Yan Sun, Li-dong Zhang, Jun Tang
Research on the relationship between macrophages and neuropathic pain has flourished in the past two decades. It has long been believed that macrophages are strong immune effector cells that play w...
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Cerebral malaria pathogenesis: Dissecting the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells as major effectors in disease pathology Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Indu Sharma, Poonam Kataria, Jyoti Das
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection, with complex pathogenesis involving multiple factors, including the host’s immunological response....
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Boosting immune responses in lung tumor immune microenvironment: A comprehensive review of strategies and adjuvants Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Fei Gao, Xiaoqing You, Liu Yang, Xiangni Zou, Bowen Sui
The immune system has a substantial impact on the growth and expansion of lung malignancies. Immune cells are encompassed by a stroma comprising an extracellular matrix (ECM) and different cells li...
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Th17 cells: A new target in kidney disease research Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Tao Zhang, Hongyan Huo, Yinghui Zhang, Jie Tao, Junzheng Yang, Xianglu Rong, Yiqi Yang
Type 17 T helper (Th17) cells, which are a subtype of CD4+ T helper cells, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and GM-CSF, which play crucial roles in immune de...
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Cholesterol: A friend to viruses Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Yingchun Wang, Lifen Gao
Cholesterol is a key life-sustaining molecule which regulates membrane fluidity and serves as a signaling mediator. Cholesterol homeostasis is closely related to various pathological conditions inc...
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Gut microbiome as a treatment in colorectal cancer Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Murad Khan, Suleman Shah, Wahid Shah, Ikram Khan, Hamid Ali, Ijaz Ali, Riaz Ullah, Xiufang Wang, Arshad Mehmood, Yanli Wang
The gut microbiome plays a role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).This review focuses on whether the gut microbiome is involved in the development and regulation of the ...
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HCMV miR-UL70-3p downregulates the rapamycin-induced autophagy by targeting the autophagy-related protein 9A (ATG9A) Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Raj Kumar Khalko, Abhishek Pandeya, Sangeeta Saxena, Sunil Babu Gosipatala
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a representative β-herpesvirus that establishes persistent infections in humans, and exhibits high seropositivity rates in adults. It has co-evolved with its human h...
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Chemokines: A key driver for inflammation in protozoan infection Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-19 Rubika Chauhan, Mrinalini Tiwari, Amrendra Chaudhary, Reva Sharan Thakur, Veena Pande, Jyoti Das
Chemokines belong to the group of small proteins within the cytokine family having strong chemo-attractant properties. In most cases, the strong immuno-modulatory role of chemokines is crucial for ...
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RNA methylation: A potential therapeutic target in autoimmune disease Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Lele Li, Xiaoping Xia, Tian Yang, Yuchao Sun, Xueke Liu, Wei Xu, Mei Lu, Dawei Cui, Yingping Wu
Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are caused by the body’s immune response to autoantigens. The pathoge...
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Immunological processes of enhancers and suppressors of long non-coding RNAs associated with brain tumors and inflammation Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Hossein Tahmasebi Dehkordi, Fatemeh Khaledi, Sorayya Ghasemi
Immunological processes, such as inflammation, can both cause tumor suppression and cancer progression. Moreover, deregulated levels of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in the brain may caus...
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STATs signaling pathways in dendritic cells: As potential therapeutic targets? Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Sepideh Sohrabi, Javad Masoumi, Bahar Naseri, Farid Ghorbaninezhad, Shiva Alipour, Tohid Kazemi, Javad Ahmadian Heris, Leili Aghebati Maleki, Pedram Basirjafar, Raziyeh Zandvakili, Mohammad Amin Doustvandi, Behzad Baradaran
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including heterogenous populations with phenotypic and functional diversity that coordinate bridging innate and adaptive immu...
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Low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmune diseases: An update review Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Ruizhi Zhang, Yuyang Zhao, Xiangming Chen, Zhuoqing Zhuang, Xiaomin Li, Erxia Shen
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining self-immune tolerance. Reduced numbers or functions of Treg cells have been involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases and a...
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Breaking the graft-versus-host-disease barrier: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells as precision healers Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Mohini Mendiratta, Meenakshi Mendiratta, Sujata Mohanty, Ranjit Kumar Sahoo, Hridayesh Prakash
Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent, non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with a wide range of immune modulation and regenerative potential which qualify them as a potential compone...
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Circulating and intestinal regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease: A systemic review and meta-analysis Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Shihao Duan, Yubin Cao, Pingrun Chen, Yi Yang, Yan Zhang
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important immunosuppressive role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, findings on the quantitative and functional changes of intestinal and circulating T...
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Orchestration of immune response by innate lymphoid cell subtype 2 at various tumor microenvironment, a suitable target for cancer immunotherapy Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Rajdeep Roy, Tanmoy Das, Nabendu Biswas
Innate lymphoid cells are a mixed population of cells and critical regulators of our innate immune system. According to recent scientific literature, tissue resident innate lymphoid cell subtype 2 ...
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Exploring the role of neutrophils in infectious and noninfectious pulmonary disorders Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-24 Alisha Arora, Archana Singh
With the change in global environment, respiratory disorders are becoming more threatening to the health of people all over the world. These diseases are closely linked to performance of immune sys...
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Platelet extracellular vesicles: Darkness and light of autoimmune diseases Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Jingru Chen, Miao Wang, Ying Zhang, Fenglin Zhu, Yanqiu Xu, Guoxiang Yi, Runxiu Zheng, Bin Wu
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a breakdown of immune tolerance, leading to inflammation and irreversible end-organ tissue damage. Platelet extracellular vesicles are cellular elements tha...
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Role of natural killer and B cell interaction in inducing pathogen specific immune responses Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-02 Nikunj Tandel, Sushmita Negi, Sarat K. Dalai, Rajeev K. Tyagi
Abstract The innate lymphoid cell (ILC) system comprising of the circulating and tissue-resident cells is known to clear infectious pathogens, establish immune homeostasis as well as confer antitumor immunity. Human natural killer cells (hNKs) and other ILCs carry out mopping of the infectious pathogens and perform cytolytic activity regulated by the non-adaptive immune system. The NK cells generate
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Immune cell profiling of preeclamptic pregnant and postpartum women by single-cell RNA sequencing Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-11-11 Jing Hu, Qi Guo, Congcong Liu, Qian Yu, Yuan Ren, Yueni Wu, Qin Li, Yuezhen Li, Juntao Liu
Preeclampsia (PE), a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, is closely related to the immune system alterations. However, little is known about the landscape and heterogeneity...
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Advances and challenges in CAR-T cell-mediated immunotherapy Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-10-18 Dipayan Rudra, Himanshu Kumar
Published in International Reviews of Immunology (Vol. 41, No. 6, 2022)
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Clinical utility of CAR T cell therapy in brain tumors: Lessons learned from the past, current evidence and the future stakes Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-10-03 Abhishek Chatterjee, Sweety Asija, Sandhya Yadav, Rahul Purwar, Jayant S. Goda
Abstract The unprecedented clinical success of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematological malignancies has led researchers to study its role in solid tumors. Although, its utility in solid tumors especially in neuroblastoma has begun to emerge, preclinical studies of its efficacy in other solid tumors like osteosarcomas or gliomas has caught the attention of oncologist to be tried
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The role of TRIM59 in immunity and immune-related diseases Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Zheng Jin, Tiffany Chen, Zhenhua Zhu, Baohui Xu, Dongmei Yan
TRIM59 is a member of the tripartite motif containing (TRIM) protein family. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase through its RING domain and is expressed by multiple types of cells. Physiogicall...
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Combinatorial approaches to effective therapy in glioblastoma (GBM): Current status and what the future holds Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 Sweety Asija, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sandhya Yadav, Godhanjali Chekuri, Atharva Karulkar, Ankesh Kumar Jaiswal, Jayant S. Goda, Rahul Purwar
Abstract The aggressive and recurrent nature of glioblastoma is multifactorial and has been attributed to its biological heterogeneity, dysfunctional metabolic signaling pathways, rigid blood–brain barrier, inherent resistance to standard therapy due to the stemness property of the gliomas cells, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, hypoxia and neoangiogenesis which are very well orchestrated
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B7-H3-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-07-20 Guangfei Li, Haopeng Wang, Haitao Wu, Jian Chen
Abstract Since B7-H3 is overexpressed or amplified in many types of solid tumors with a restricted expression in the normal tissues, it has been an emerging immunotherapeutic target for solid tumors. This review will focus on the structural designs of developing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting B7-H3. The expression, receptor, and function of the B7-H3, as well as a short overview of B7-H3-targeted
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Fatal ReincaRNAtion of VIRUS causing COronaVIrus disease Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 Himanshu Kumar
Published in International Reviews of Immunology (Vol. 41, No. 4, 2022)
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Dysregulated metabolism: A friend-to-foe skewer of macrophages Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-07-06 Keywan Mortezaee, Jamal Majidpoor
Abstract Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of solid cancers. Macrophages as major constituents of immune system take important roles in regulation of tumorigenesis. Pro-tumor M2 macrophages preferentially use oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to meet their metabolic demands, while anti-tumor M1 macrophages use glycolysis as their dominant metabolic source. Dysregulation in metabolic systems is
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Natural and genetically-modified animal models to investigate pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-06-25 Shikha Tiwari, Garima Goel, Ashok Kumar
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a primarily respiratory tract disease. Suitable animal models for COVID-19 a...
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Disparities in positive results and dissemination of randomized controlled trials in immuno-oncology Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Cheng Xu, Shu Zhang, Guang-Li Zhu, Kai-Bin Yang, Yuan Zhang, Yan-Ping Mao, Ling-Long Tang, Qing Liu, Ying Huang, Jun Ma
Abstract Background This cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis aimed to demonstrate the disparities in positive results and dissemination patterns of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in global immuno-oncology (IO). Methods Phase II–IV RCTs with results reported by article publications registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in 2007–2018 studying immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer
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Obesity: A comorbidity-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (CAIDS) Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 George Siopis
Accumulating data emphasize a strong link between obesity and the severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), including mortality. Obesity interferes with several components of the immune syst...
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CAR-T cells for cancer immunotherapy—the barriers ahead and the paths through Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-05-28 Qiqi Zhang, Cheng Zu, Yongxian Hu, He Huang
Abstract This review discusses the major concerns and changes emerged during the rapidly extended clinical application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy based on our experience and understanding. In the past decades, the CAR-T cells have been questioned, sequentially, about their capability of inducing initial remission, their safety profile, their ability to sustain long-term persistence
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SARS-CoV-2 variants and COVID-19 vaccines: Current challenges and future strategies Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-05-28 Wenping Gong, Seppo Parkkila, Xueqiong Wu, Ashok Aspatwar
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global threat. Despite strict control measures implemented worldwide and immunizati...
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How metabolism and metabolites shape immunity during disease Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-05-26 Himanshu Kumar
(2022). How metabolism and metabolites shape immunity during disease. International Reviews of Immunology: Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 297-298.
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Role of thymus in health and disease Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-05-20 Surendra Gulla, Madhava C. Reddy, Vajra C. Reddy, Sriram Chitta, Manjula Bhanoori, Dakshayani Lomada
Abstract The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ, essential for the development of T-cells that will protect from invading pathogens, immune disorders, and cancer. The thymus decreases in size and cellularity with age referred to as thymus involution or atrophy. This involution causes decreased T-cell development and decreased naive T-cell emigration to the periphery, increased proportion of memory
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The role of γδ T cells in the interaction between commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-05-18 Xiaoxiao Wu, Bing Gu, Huan Yang
The intestinal mucosa is an important structure involved in resistance to pathogen infection. It is mainly composed of four barriers, which have different but interrelated functions. Pathogenic bac...
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Pathophysiological functions of self-derived DNA Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-05-02 Daisuke Ori, Taro Kawai
Abstract Inflammation plays indispensable roles in building the immune responses such as acquired immunity against harmful pathogens. Furthermore, it is essential for maintaining biological homeostasis in ever-changing conditions. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) reside in cell membranes, endosomes or cytoplasm, and function as triggers for inflammatory responses. Binding of pathogen- or self-derived
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Scaling up and scaling out: Advances and challenges in manufacturing engineered T cell therapies Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-04-29 Hannah W. Song, Robert P. Somerville, David F. Stroncek, Steven L. Highfill
Abstract Engineered T cell therapies such as CAR-T cells and TCR-T cells have generated impressive patient responses in previously incurable diseases. In the past few years there have been a number of technical innovations that enable robust clinical manufacturing in functionally closed and often automated systems. Here we describe the latest technology used to manufacture CAR- and TCR-engineered T
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The IRG1-Itaconate axis: A regulatory hub for immunity and metabolism in macrophages Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-04-25 Yangguang Li, Wenbin Gong, Weizhen Li, Peizhao Liu, Juanhan Liu, Haiyang Jiang, Tao Zheng, Jie Wu, Xiuwen Wu, Yun Zhao, Jianan Ren
Abstract Metabolism could be served as a guiding force for immunity, and macrophages undergo drastic metabolic reprogramming during inflammatory processes, including enhancing glycolysis and reshaping the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle. The disrupted TCA cycle facilitates itaconate accumulation, consistent with the significant up-regulation of immune response gene 1 (IRG1) in activated macrophages
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Research progress on the role and mechanism of action of exosomes in autoimmune thyroid disease Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-03-30 Yuping Chen, Bingtian Dong, Lichun Huang, Jingxiong Zhou, Huibin Huang
Abstract Exosomes are widely distributed extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are currently a major research hotspot for researchers based on their wide range of sources, stable membrane structure, low immunogenicity, and containing a variety of biomolecules. A large number of literatures have shown that exosomes and exosome cargoes (especially microRNAs) play an important role in the activation of
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Pyroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases: What lies beneath the tip of the iceberg? Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-03-21 Mengli Yue, Li Xiao, Rui Yan, Xinyi Li, Wei Yang
Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases gradually receive attention with a rapidly aging global population. The hallmark of them is a progressive neuronal loss in the brain or peripheral nervous system due to complex reasons ranging from protein aggregation, immune dysregulation to abnormal cell death. The death style of nerve cell is no longer restricted to apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis as confirmed
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Host-directed antileishmanial interventions: Harvesting unripe fruits to reach fruition Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-03-11 Anuradha Seth, Susanta Kar
Abstract Leishmaniasis is an exemplary paradigm of immune evasion, fraught with the perils of limited clinical assistance, escalating costs of treatment and made worse with the lack of suitable vaccine. While drugs remain central to large-scale disease control, the growing emergence of parasite resistance necessitates the need for combination therapy involving host-directed immunological agents. Also
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Next generation strategies to recover immunological tolerance in celiac disease Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-02-28 Lucia Treppiccione, Diomira Luongo, Francesco Maurano, Mauro Rossi
Abstract Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals following the ingestion of gluten. Its prevalence is rising worldwide. A gluten-free (GF) diet is mandatory for the management of CD. However, several issues persist regarding the nutritional quality of GF products. Importantly, deep knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms in CD highlights the
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Adipose tissue regulatory T cells: differentiation and function Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-02-25 Allen N. Fooks, Lisa Y. Beppu, Adolfo B. Frias, Louise M. D’Cruz
Abstract Rising obesity levels, worldwide, are resulting in substantial increases in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and certain cancers, and obesity-associated illnesses are estimated to cause ∼4 million deaths worldwide per year. A common theme in this disease epidemic is the chronic systemic inflammation that accompanies obesity. CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory
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Dimensions of inflammation in host defense and diseases Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2022-01-19 Puja Kumari, Himanshu Kumar
(2022). Dimensions of inflammation in host defense and diseases. International Reviews of Immunology: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 1-3.
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Epigenetic regulation of T cell development Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2021-12-30 Avik Dutta, Harini Venkataganesh, Paul E. Love
Abstract Epigenetic regulators are pivotal factors that influence and control T cell development. Recent findings continue to reveal additional elements of epigenetic modifications that play significant and crucial roles at different stages of T cell development. Through gaining a better understanding of the various epigenetic factors that influence the formation and survival of maturing T cells, new
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An update on host immunity correlates and prospects of re-infection in COVID-19 Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2021-12-28 Neema Negi, Shesh Prakash Maurya, Ravinder Singh, Bimal Kumar Das
Abstract Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is not frequent yet the incidence rate of it is increasing globally owing to the slow emergence of drift variants that pose a perpetual threat to vaccination strategies and have a greater propensity for disease reoccurrence. Long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection relies on the induction of the innate as well as the adaptive immune response endowed with
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Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and their role in inflammation Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2021-12-17 Feng Wang, Jingya He, Ruxiao Xing, Tong Sha, Bin Sun
Abstract Ferroptosis is a type of non-apoptotic cell death, which demonstrates a definite iron-dependent expression pattern and is associated with lipid peroxidation. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a key regulator of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is involved in the development and progression of various diseases, such as cancer, tissue ischemia–reperfusion injury, neurological diseases, and respiratory
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The potential targets in immunotherapy of atherosclerosis Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2021-11-14 Azin Aghamajidi, Melika Gorgani, Faezeh Shahba, Zahra Shafaghat, Nazanin Mojtabavi
Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death, which has the highest mortality rate worldwide. Although a diverse range of inflammatory diseases can affect the cardiovascular system, however, heart failure and stroke occur due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic autoinflammatory disease of small to large vessels in which different immune mediators are involved in lipid
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Lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacterial pool of human gut microbiota promote inflammation and obesity development Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2021-11-02 Liyu Du, Xi Lei, Jie Wang, Li Wang, Qingping Zhong, Xiang Fang, Pan Li, Bing Du, Yutao Wang, Zhenlin Liao
Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is found from intestinal microbes in the circulatory system and considered a trigger factor for low-grade inflammation in obesity. High-fat diet intake and its related obesity can cause gut microbiota disorder, leading to increased gut permeability, paracellular absorption and transcellular
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Host factors subverted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Potential targets for host directed therapy Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2021-10-22 Rashi Kalra, Drishti Tiwari, Hedwin Kitdorlang Dkhar, Ella Bhagyaraj, Rakesh Kumar, Anshu Bhardwaj, Pawan Gupta
Abstract Introduction Despite new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB), it continues to be a major health burden. Several immunotherapies that potentiate the immune response have come up as adjuncts to drug therapies against drug resistant TB strains; however, there needs to be an urgent appraisal of host specific drug targets for improving their clinical management and to
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Exploring the pathways of inflammation and coagulopathy in COVID-19: A narrative tour into a viral rabbit hole Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2021-10-22 Nitsan Landau, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Liat Negru, Gad Segal
Abstract Worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has taken a huge toll of morbidity and mortality. In selected patients, classified as severe, the overwhelming inflammatory state imposed by this infection is accompanied by a hypercoagulable state, hallmarked by a unique pattern; a marked increase in D-dimer, out of proportion to other markers of coagulopathy. In this review, we turn a spotlight to this phenomenon
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Diversity of T cells in the skin: Novel insights Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2021-10-05 Natalija Novak, Leticia Tordesillas, Beatriz Cabanillas
Abstract T cells populate the skin to provide an effective immunosurveillance against external insults and to maintain tissue homeostasis. Most cutaneous T cells are αβ T cells, however, γδ T cells also exist although in much lower frequency. Different subsets of αβ T cells can be found in the skin, such as short-lived effector T cells, central memory T cells, effector memory T cells, and tissue-resident
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The immunologic aspects of cytokine release syndrome and graft versus host disease following CAR T cell therapy Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2021-10-05 Vahid Mansouri, Niloufar Yazdanpanah, Nima Rezaei
Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are the pioneers of cancer immunotherapy, which to this date have several FDA-approved products. They have been substantially improved since their first introduction in 1993 and have shown promising results regardless of their inevitable side effects. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), the most common toxicity after CAR T cell treatment, is affiliated
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Regulatory Effects of Clock and Bmal1 on Circadian Rhythmic TLR Expression Int. Rev. Immunol. (IF 4.3) Pub Date : 2021-09-20 Xu-li Fan, Ying Song, Dong-Xu Qin, Pei-Yao Lin
Abstract Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) and brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) are two core circadian clock genes. They form a heterodimer that can bind to the E-box element in the promoters of Period circadian protein (Per) and Cryptochrome (Cry) genes, thereby inducing the rhythmic expression of circadian clock control genes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type I transmembrane