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How Much Information Is Too Much? An Experimental Examination of How Information Disclosures May Unintentionally Encourage the Withholding of Health Information Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Helen Colby, Deidre Popovich, Tony Stovall
IntroductionInformation disclosures are used in medicine to provide patients with relevant information. This research examines whether patients are less likely to discuss medical conditions with their physicians after seeing an insurance information disclosure.MethodsThree experimental studies with nonprobability online samples (ntotal = 875 US adult participants) examined the impact of information
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Natural Frequencies Improve Public Understanding of Medical Test Results: An Experimental Study on Various Bayesian Inference Tasks with Multiple Scoring Methods and Non-Bayesian Reasoning Strategies Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Soyun Kim
BackgroundIt is well established that the natural frequencies (NF) format is cognitively more beneficial for Bayesian inference than the conditional probabilities (CP) format. However, empirical studies have suggested that the NF facilitation effect might be limited to specific groups of individuals. Unlike previous studies that focused on a limited number of Bayesian inference problems evaluated by
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Adaptation and Validation of the Psychological Consequences of Screening Questionnaire (PCQ) for Cognitive Screening in Primary Care Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-14 Rebecca M. Lovett, Sarah Filec, Jeimmy Hurtado, Mary Kwasny, Alissa Sideman, Stephen D. Persell, Katherine Possin, Michael Wolf
BackgroundContext-specific measures with adequate external validity are needed to appropriately determine psychosocial effects related to screening for cognitive impairment.MethodsTwo-hundred adults aged ≥65 y recently completing routine, standardized cognitive screening as part of their Medicare annual wellness visit were administered an adapted version of the Psychological Consequences of Screening
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General Population Mortality Adjustment in Survival Extrapolation of Cancer Trials: Exploring Plausibility and Implications for Cost-Effectiveness Analyses in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer in Sweden Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-14 Kun Kim, Michael Sweeting, Nils Wilking, Linus Jönsson
BackgroundIn economic evaluations of novel therapies, assessing lifetime effects based on trial data often necessitates survival extrapolation, with the choice of model affecting outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess accuracy and variability between alternative approaches to survival extrapolation.MethodsData on HER2-positive breast cancer patients from the Swedish National Breast Cancer Register
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Perceived Penalties for Sharing Patient Beliefs with Health Care Providers Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-02 Jessecae K. Marsh, Onur Asan, Samantha Kleinberg
BackgroundHealth care interactions may require patients to share with a physician information they believe but is incorrect. While a key piece of physicians’ work is educating their patients, people’s concerns of being seen as uninformed or incompetent by physicians may lead them to think that sharing incorrect health beliefs comes with a penalty. We tested people’s perceptions of patients who share
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Impact of Structural Differences on the Modeled Cost-Effectiveness of Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-02 Amber Salisbury, Alison Pearce, Kirsten Howard, Sarah Norris
BackgroundNoninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) was developed to improve the accuracy of prenatal screening to detect chromosomal abnormalities. Published economic analyses have yielded different incremental cost-effective ratios (ICERs), leading to conclusions of NIPT being dominant, cost-effective, and cost-ineffective. These analyses have used different model structures, and the extent to which these
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Identifying Decisional Needs for Adult Tracheostomy and Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Decision Making to Inform Shared Decision-Making Interventions Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Anuj B. Mehta, Steven Lockhart, Allison V. Lange, Daniel D. Matlock, Ivor S. Douglas, Megan A. Morris
BackgroundDecision making for adult tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical ventilation is emotionally complex. Expectations of surrogate decision makers and physicians rarely align. Little is known about what surrogates need to make goal-concordant decisions. Currently, little is known about the decisional needs of surrogates and providers, impeding efforts to improve the decision-making process.MethodsUsing
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Accurate EVSI Estimation for Nonlinear Models Using the Gaussian Approximation Method Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Linke Li, Hawre Jalal, Anna Heath
BackgroundThe expected value of sample information (EVSI) measures the expected benefits that could be obtained by collecting additional data. Estimating EVSI using the traditional nested Monte Carlo method is computationally expensive, but the recently developed Gaussian approximation (GA) approach can efficiently estimate EVSI across different sample sizes. However, the conventional GA may result
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Identifying Strategies to Improve Shared Decision Making for Pregnant Patients’ Decisions about Prenatal Genetic Screens and Diagnostic Tests Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Christina Collart, Caitlin Craighead, Meng Yao, Edward K. Chien, Susannah Rose, Richard M. Frankel, Marissa Coleridge, Bo Hu, Brownsyne Tucker Edmonds, Angela C. Ranzini, Ruth M. Farrell
PurposePrenatal genetic screens and diagnostic tests are vital components of prenatal care. The first prenatal visit is a critical time in the decision-making process when patients decide whether to use these tests in addition to address a series of other essential prenatal care aspects. We conducted this study to examine the role of a shared decision-making (SDM) instrument to support these discussions
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Modeling Radiologists’ Assessments to Explore Pairing Strategies for Optimized Double Reading of Screening Mammograms Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-30 Jessie J. J. Gommers, Craig K. Abbey, Fredrik Strand, Sian Taylor-Phillips, David J. Jenkinson, Marthe Larsen, Solveig Hofvind, Mireille J. M. Broeders, Ioannis Sechopoulos
PurposeTo develop a model that simulates radiologist assessments and use it to explore whether pairing readers based on their individual performance characteristics could optimize screening performance.MethodsLogistic regression models were designed and used to model individual radiologist assessments. For model evaluation, model-predicted individual performance metrics and paired disagreement rates
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Who Makes the Decision, How, and Why: A Fuzzy-Trace Theory Approach Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-26 Sarah M. Edelson, Valerie F. Reyna
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Icon Arrays for Medical Risk Communication: Do Icon Type and Color Influence Cardiovascular Risk Perception and Recall? Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-26 Rebecca Blase, Julia Meis-Harris, Birgitta Weltermann, Simone Dohle
BackgroundIcon arrays have been shown to be an effective method for communicating medical risk information. However, in practice, icon arrays used to visualize personal risks often differ in the type and color of the icons. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of icon type and color on the perception and recall of cardiovascular risk, as little is known about how color affects the perception
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Assessing Decision Fatigue in General Practitioners’ Prescribing Decisions Using the Australian BEACH Data Set Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-26 Mona Maier, Daniel Powell, Christopher Harrison, Julie Gordon, Peter Murchie, Julia L. Allan
BackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) make numerous care decisions throughout their workdays. Extended periods of decision making can result in decision fatigue, a gradual shift toward decisions that are less cognitively effortful. This study examines whether observed patterns in GPs’ prescribing decisions are consistent with the decision fatigue phenomenon. We hypothesized that the likelihood of prescribing
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Machine Learning Methods to Estimate Individualized Treatment Effects for Use in Health Technology Assessment Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-26 Yingying Zhang, Noemi Kreif, Vijay S. GC., Andrea Manca
BackgroundRecent developments in causal inference and machine learning (ML) allow for the estimation of individualized treatment effects (ITEs), which reveal whether treatment effectiveness varies according to patients’ observed covariates. ITEs can be used to stratify health policy decisions according to individual characteristics and potentially achieve greater population health. Little is known
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Methods to Quantify the Importance of Parameters for Model Updating and Distributional Adaptation Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-26 David Glynn, Susan Griffin, Nils Gutacker, Simon Walker
PurposeDecision models are time-consuming to develop; therefore, adapting previously developed models for new purposes may be advantageous. We provide methods to prioritize efforts to 1) update parameter values in existing models and 2) adapt existing models for distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA).MethodsMethods exist to assess the influence of different input parameters on the results
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Net Monetary Benefit Lines Augmented with Value-of-Information Measures to Present the Results of Economic Evaluations under Uncertainty Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-26 Reza Yaesoubi, Natalia Kunst
BackgroundMethods to present the result of cost-effectiveness analyses under parameter uncertainty include cost-effectiveness planes (CEPs), cost-effectiveness acceptability curves/frontier (CEACs/CEAF), expected loss curves (ELCs), and net monetary benefit (NMB) lines. We describe how NMB lines can be augmented to present NMB values that could be achieved by reducing or resolving parameter uncertainty
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Discordant Care and Decision Quality: Patients’ Reasons for Not Receiving Their Initial Test of Choice in Colorectal Cancer Screening Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-26 Joshua B. Rager, Karen K. Schmidt, Peter H. Schwartz
BackgroundConcordance between a person’s values and the test or treatment they ultimately receive is widely considered to be an essential outcome for good decision quality. There is little research, however, on why patients receive “discordant” care. A large, randomized trial of decision aids for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening provided an opportunity to assess why some patients received a different
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Medical Homo Ignorans, Shared Decision Making, and Affective Paternalism: Balancing Emotion and Analysis in Health Care Choices Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Gustav Tinghög, Emil Persson, Daniel Västfjäll
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Withdrawing versus Withholding Treatments in Medical Reimbursement Decisions: A Study on Public Attitudes Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Liam Strand, Lars Sandman, Emil Persson, David Andersson, Ann-Charlotte Nedlund, Gustav Tinghög
BackgroundThe use of policies in medical treatment reimbursement decisions, in which only future patients are affected, prompts a moral dilemma: is there an ethical difference between withdrawing and withholding treatment?DesignThrough a preregistered behavioral experiment involving 1,067 participants, we tested variations in public attitudes concerning withdrawing and withholding treatments at both
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Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies Using Active Learning and Monte Carlo Simulation Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-22 Amirhossein Fouladi, Amin Asadi, Eric A. Sherer, Mahboubeh Madadi
IntroductionDetection of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the early stages through available screening tests increases the patient’s survival chances. Multimodal screening policies can benefit patients by providing more diverse screening options and balancing the risks and benefits of screening tests. We investigate the cost-effectiveness of a wide variety of multimodal CRC screening policies.MethodsWe developed
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Using Separate Single-Outcome Risk Presentations Instead of Integrated Multioutcome Formats Improves Comprehension in Discrete Choice Experiments Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-21 Matthew J. Wallace, E. Hope Weissler, Jui-Chen Yang, Laura Brotzman, Matthew A. Corriere, Eric A. Secemsky, Jessie Sutphin, F. Reed Johnson, Juan Marcos Gonzalez, Michelle E. Tarver, Anindita Saha, Allen L. Chen, David J. Gebben, Misti Malone, Andrew Farb, Olufemi Babalola, Eva M. Rorer, Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher, Shelby D. Reed
IntroductionDespite decades of research on risk-communication approaches, questions remain about the optimal methods for conveying risks for different outcomes across multiple time points, which can be necessary in applications such as discrete choice experiments (DCEs). We sought to compare the effects of 3 design factors: 1) separated versus integrated presentations of the risks for different outcomes
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The Health Impact of Waiting for Elective Procedures in the NHS in England: A Modeling Framework Applied to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft and Total Hip Replacement. Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-10 Naomi Kate Gibbs,Susan Griffin,Nils Gutacker,Adrián Villaseñor,Simon Walker
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to demonstrate a practical framework that can be applied to estimate the health impact of changes in waiting times across a range of elective procedures in the National Health Service (NHS) in England. We apply this framework by modeling 2 procedures: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and total hip replacement (THR). METHODS We built a Markov model capturing
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"Sensemaking" to Aid Shared Decision Making in Clinical Practice: A Personal Response to Information Overload and Decision Abdication. Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-06 Andrew J Vickers,Paul Bennett
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Making Drug Approval Decisions in the Face of Uncertainty: Cumulative Evidence versus Value of Information. Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-03 Stijntje W Dijk,Eline Krijkamp,Natalia Kunst,Jeremy A Labrecque,Cary P Gross,Aradhana Pandit,Chia-Ping Lu,Loes E Visser,John B Wong,M G Myriam Hunink
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the criticality and complexity of decision making for novel treatment approval and further research. Our study aims to assess potential decision-making methodologies, an evaluation vital for refining future public health crisis responses. METHODS We compared 4 decision-making approaches to drug approval and research: the Food and Drug Administration's policy
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The Spillover Effects of Extending Liver Transplantation to Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Discrete Event Simulation Analysis. Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-03 Hanna Meidell Sjule,Caroline N Vinter,Svein Dueland,Pål-Dag Line,Emily A Burger,Gudrun Marie Waaler Bjørnelv
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is an alternative treatment for patients with nonresectable colorectal cancer liver-only metastases (CRLM); however, the potential effects on wait-list time and life expectancy to other patients on the transplant waiting list have not been considered. We explored the potential effects of expanding liver transplantation eligibility to include patients with CRLM on wait-list
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Risk-Adapted Breast Screening for Women at Low Predicted Risk of Breast Cancer: An Online Discrete Choice Experiment. Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-03 Charlotte Kelley Jones,Suzanne Scott,Nora Pashayan,Stephen Morris,Yasmina Okan,Jo Waller
BACKGROUND A risk-stratified breast screening program could offer low-risk women less screening than is currently offered by the National Health Service. The acceptability of this approach may be enhanced if it corresponds to UK women's screening preferences and values. OBJECTIVES To elicit and quantify preferences for low-risk screening options. METHODS Women aged 40 to 70 y with no history of breast
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Thinking Fast, Slow, and Forever: Daniel Kahneman Obituary Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-31 Donald A. Redelmeier
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Medical Decision Making and MDM Policy & Practice Reviewers, 2023 Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-28
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Feedback Loop Failure Modes in Medical Diagnosis: How Biases Can Emerge and Be Reinforced Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Rachael C. Aikens, Jonathan H. Chen, Michael Baiocchi, Julia F. Simard
BackgroundMedical diagnosis in practice connects to research through continuous feedback loops: Studies of diagnosed cases shape our understanding of disease, which shapes future diagnostic practice. Without accounting for an imperfect and complex diagnostic process in which some cases are more likely to be diagnosed correctly (or diagnosed at all), the feedback loop can inadvertently exacerbate future
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Stability of Willingness to Pay: Does Time and Treatment Allocation in a Randomized Controlled Trial Influence Willingness to Pay? Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Marjon van der Pol, Verity Watson, Dwayne Boyers
BackgroundWillingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates are useful to policy makers only if they are generalizable beyond the moment when they are collected. To understand the “shelf life” of preference estimates, preference stability needs be tested over substantial periods of time.MethodsWe tested the stability of WTP for preventative dental care (scale and polish) using a payment-card contingent valuation
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The Impact of Model Assumptions on Personalized Lung Cancer Screening Recommendations Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Kevin ten Haaf, Koen de Nijs, Giulia Simoni, Andres Alban, Pianpian Cao, Zhuolu Sun, Jean Yong, Jihyoun Jeon, Iakovos Toumazis, Summer S. Han, G. Scott Gazelle, Chung Ying Kong, Sylvia K. Plevritis, Rafael Meza, Harry J. de Koning
BackgroundRecommendations regarding personalized lung cancer screening are being informed by natural-history modeling. Therefore, understanding how differences in model assumptions affect model-based personalized screening recommendations is essential.DesignFive Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) models were evaluated. Lung cancer incidence, mortality, and stage distributions
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A Comparison of Additional Benefit Assessment Methods for Time-to-Event Endpoints Using Hazard Ratio Point Estimates or Confidence Interval Limits by Means of a Simulation Study Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Christopher A. Büsch, Marietta Kirchner, Rouven Behnisch, Meinhard Kieser
BackgroundFor time-to-event endpoints, three additional benefit assessment methods have been developed aiming at an unbiased knowledge about the magnitude of clinical benefit of newly approved treatments. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) defines a continuous score using the hazard ratio point estimate (HR-PE). The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the German Institute
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Danish Women Make Decisions about Participation in Breast Cancer Screening prior to Invitation Information: An Online Survey Using Experimental Methods Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Eeva-Liisa Røssell, Hilary Louise Bekker, Mara A. Schonberg, Ivar Sønbø Kristiansen, Signe Borgquist, Henrik Støvring
IntroductionAt mammography screening invitation, the Danish Health Authority recommends women aged 50 to 69 y make an informed decision about whether to be screened. Previous studies have shown that women have very positive attitudes about screening participation. Therefore, we hypothesized that Danish women may already have decided to participate in breast cancer screening prior to receiving their
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Communicating the Imperfect Diagnostic Accuracy of COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Self-Tests: An Online Randomized Experiment Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Huijun Li, Megha Kalra, Lin Zhu, Deonna M. Ackermann, Melody Taba, Carissa Bonner, Katy J.L. Bell
ObjectiveTo investigate the potential impacts of optimizing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapid antigen test (RAT) self-testing diagnostic accuracy information.DesignOnline randomized experiment using hypothetical scenarios: in scenarios 1 to 3 (RAT result positive), the posttest probability was considered to be very high (likely true positives), and in scenarios 4 and 5 (RAT result negative)
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Collective Intelligence Increases Diagnostic Accuracy in a General Practice Setting Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Matthew D. Blanchard, Stefan M. Herzog, Juliane E. Kämmer, Nikolas Zöller, Olga Kostopoulou, Ralf H. J. M. Kurvers
BackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) work in an ill-defined environment where diagnostic errors are prevalent. Previous research indicates that aggregating independent diagnoses can improve diagnostic accuracy in a range of settings. We examined whether aggregating independent diagnoses can also improve diagnostic accuracy for GP decision making. In addition, we investigated the potential benefit
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Exploring Cultural and Religious Effects on HPV Vaccination Decision Making Using a Web-Based Decision Aid: A Quasi-experimental Study Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Yulia Gendler, Ayala Blau
BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) poses a significant public health concern, as it is linked to various serious health conditions such as cancer and genital warts. Despite the vaccine’s safety, efficacy, and availability through national school programs, HPV vaccination rates remain low in Israel, particularly within the ultra-Orthodox community due to religious and cultural barriers. Decision aids
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Exploring Structural Uncertainty in Cost-Effectiveness Modeling of Gestational Diabetes Screening: An Application Example from Norway Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Pia S. Henkel, Emily A. Burger, Line Sletner, Kine Pedersen
BackgroundScreening pregnant women for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has recently been expanded in Norway, although screening eligibility criteria continue to be debated. We aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of alternative GDM screening strategies and explored structural uncertainty and the value of future research in determining the most cost-effective eligibility criteria for GDM screening
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Creating a Multiply Imputed Value Set for the EQ-5D-5L in Canada: State-Level Misspecification Terms Are Needed to Characterize Parameter Uncertainty Correctly Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Teresa C. O. Tsui, Kelvin K. W. Chan, Feng Xie, Eleanor M. Pullenayegum
BackgroundParameter uncertainty in EQ-5D-5L value sets often exceeds the instrument’s minimum important difference, yet this is routinely ignored. Multiple imputation (MI) accounts for parameter uncertainty in the value set; however, no valuation study has implemented this methodology. Our objective was to create a Canadian MI value set for the EQ-5D-5L, thus enabling users to account for parameter
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Capturing Valuation Study Sampling Uncertainty in the Estimation of Health State Utility Values Using the EQ-5D-3L Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Spyridon Poulimenos, Jeff Round, Gianluca Baio
ObjectivesUtility scores associated with preference-based health-related quality-of-life instruments such as the EQ-5D-3L are reported as point estimates. In this study, we develop methods for capturing the uncertainty associated with the valuation study of the UK EQ-5D-3L that arises from the variability inherent in the underlying data, which is tacitly ignored by point estimates. We derive a new
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Nurses’ Anxiety Mediates the Relationship between Clinical Tolerance to Uncertainty and Antibiotic Initiation Decisions in Residential Aged-Care Facilities Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Saniya Singh, Chris Degeling, Peta Drury, Amy Montgomery, Peter Caputi, Frank P. Deane
Aim. Diagnostic uncertainty, risk perceptions, time constraints, and pressure from resident/family members and nurses have been identified as potential barriers to reducing antibiotic prescribing in residential aged-care facilities. The current study investigated the relationship between nurses’ anxiety, clinical tolerance of uncertainty, and behaviors that favor antimicrobial initiation. Methods.
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Perceptions of Clinical Experience and Scientific Evidence in Medical Decision Making: A Survey of a Stratified Random Sample of Swedish Health Care Professionals Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Barry Dewitt, Johannes Persson, Annika Wallin
BackgroundEvidence-based medicine recognizes that clinical expertise gained through experience is essential to good medical practice. However, it is not known what beliefs clinicians hold about how personal clinical experience and scientific knowledge contribute to their clinical decision making and how those beliefs vary between professions, which themselves vary along relevant characteristics, such
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CAR T-cell Therapy for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in Canada: A Cost-Utility Analysis Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Lisa Masucci, Feng Tian, Stephen Tully, Zeny Feng, Tom McFarlane, Kelvin K. W. Chan, William W. L. Wong
BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a novel cell therapy for treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The development of CAR T-cell therapy has transformed oncology treatment by offering a potential cure. However, due to the high cost of these therapies, and the large number of eligible patients, decision makers are faced with difficult funding decisions. Our objective was to assess the
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A Generalizable Decision-Making Framework for Selecting Onsite versus Send-out Clinical Laboratory Testing Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Lee F. Schroeder, Paul Rebman, Parastu Kasaie, Ernest Kenu, Jon Zelner, David W. Dowdy
BackgroundLaboratory networks provide services through onsite testing or through specimen transport to higher-tier laboratories. This decision is based on the interplay of testing characteristics, treatment characteristics, and epidemiological characteristics.ObjectivesOur objective was to develop a generalizable model using the threshold approach to medical decision making to inform test placement
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Patient Characteristics and the Extent to Which Clinicians Involve Patients in Decision Making: Secondary Analyses of Pooled Data Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Sascha M. Keij, Megan E. Branda, Victor M. Montori, Juan P. Brito, Marleen Kunneman, Arwen H. Pieterse
BackgroundThe occurrence of shared decision making (SDM) in daily practice remains limited. Various patient characteristics have been suggested to potentially influence the extent to which clinicians involve patients in SDM.ObjectiveTo assess associations between patient characteristics and the extent to which clinicians involve patients in SDM.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data pooled
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Causal Estimation of Long-term Intervention Cost-effectiveness Using Genetic Instrumental Variables: An Application to Cancer Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Padraig Dixon, Richard M. Martin, Sean Harrison
BackgroundThis article demonstrates a means of assessing long-term intervention cost-effectiveness in the absence of data from randomized controlled trials and without recourse to Markov simulation or similar types of cohort simulation.MethodsUsing a Mendelian randomization study design, we developed causal estimates of the genetically predicted effect of bladder, breast, colorectal, lung, multiple
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Using Age-Specific Rates for Parametric Survival Function Estimation in Simulation Models Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Arantzazu Arrospide, Oliver Ibarrondo, Rubén Blasco-Aguado, Igor Larrañaga, Fernando Alarid-Escudero, Javier Mar
PurposeTo describe a procedure for incorporating parametric functions into individual-level simulation models to sample time to event when age-specific rates are available but not the individual data.MethodsUsing age-specific event rates, regression analysis was used to parametrize parametric survival distributions (Weibull, Gompertz, log-normal, and log-logistic), select the best fit using the R2
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A Tutorial on Net Benefit Regression for Real-World Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Using Censored Data from Randomized or Observational Studies Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Shuai Chen, Heejung Bang, Jeffrey S. Hoch
Given the increasing popularity of person-level cost-effectiveness analysis using “real-world” data, there is a clear need to understand and use methods for observational data. When the cost-effectiveness data are subject to censoring, ignoring censoring is especially error prone for heavily censored data. We summarize best practice and provide a hands-on example of applying the net benefit regression
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Use of Persuasive Language in Communication of Risk during Prostate Cancer Treatment Consultations Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Aurash Naser-Tavakolian, Rebecca Gale, Michael Luu, John M. Masterson, Abhishek Venkataramana, Dmitry Khodyakov, Jennifer T. Anger, Edwin Posadas, Howard Sandler, Stephen J. Freedland, Brennan Spiegel, Timothy J. Daskivich
BackgroundPhysician treatment preference may influence how risks are communicated in prostate cancer consultations. We identified persuasive language used when describing cancer prognosis, life expectancy, and side effects in relation to a physician’s recommendation for aggressive (surgery/radiation) or nonaggressive (active surveillance/watchful waiting) treatment.MethodsA qualitative analysis was
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Preferences for Genetic Testing to Predict the Risk of Developing Hereditary Cancer: A Systematic Review of Discrete Choice Experiments Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 N. Morrish, T. Snowsill, S. Dodman, A. Medina-Lara
BackgroundUnderstanding service user preferences is key to effective health care decision making and efficient resource allocation. It is of particular importance in the management of high-risk patients in whom predictive genetic testing can alter health outcomes.PurposeThis review aims to identify the relative importance and willingness to pay for attributes of genetic testing in hereditary cancer
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Comparing Survival Extrapolation within All-Cause and Relative Survival Frameworks by Standard Parametric Models and Flexible Parametric Spline Models Using the Swedish Cancer Registry Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Enoch Yi-Tung Chen, Yuliya Leontyeva, Chia-Ni Lin, Jung-Der Wang, Mark S. Clements, Paul W. Dickman
BackgroundIn health technology assessment, restricted mean survival time and life expectancy are commonly evaluated. Parametric models are typically used for extrapolation. Spline models using a relative survival framework have been shown to estimate life expectancy of cancer patients more reliably; however, more research is needed to assess spline models using an all-cause survival framework and standard
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Can the General Public Be a Proxy for an “At-Risk” Group in a Patient Preference Study? A Disease Prevention Example in Rheumatoid Arthritis Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 R. L. DiSantostefano, G. Simons, M. Englbrecht, Jennifer H. Humphreys, Ian N. Bruce, K. Schölin Bywall, C. Radawski, K. Raza, M. Falahee, J. Veldwijk
BackgroundWhen selecting samples for patient preference studies, it may be difficult or impractical to recruit participants who are eligible for a particular treatment decision. However, a general public sample may not be an appropriate proxy.ObjectiveThis study compares preferences for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) preventive treatments between members of the general public and first-degree relatives
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The Role of Smoking Status in Making Risk-Informed Diagnostic Decisions in the Lung Cancer Pathway: A Qualitative Study of Health Care Professionals and Patients Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Georgia B. Black, Sam M. Janes, Matthew E. J. Callister, Sandra van Os, Katriina L. Whitaker, Samantha L. Quaife
BackgroundLung cancer clinical guidelines and risk tools often rely on smoking history as a significant risk factor. However, never-smokers make up 14% of the lung cancer population, and this proportion is rising. Consequently, they are often perceived as low-risk and may experience diagnostic delays. This study aimed to explore how clinicians make risk-informed diagnostic decisions for never-smokers
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Eliciting Risk Perceptions: Does Conditional Question Wording Have a Downside? Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Jeremy D. Strueder, Jane E. Miller, Xianshen Yu, Paul D. Windschitl
BackgroundTo assess the impact of risk perceptions on prevention efforts or behavior change, best practices involve conditional risk measures, which ask people to estimate their risk contingent on a course of action (e.g., “if not vaccinated”).PurposeTo determine whether the use of conditional wording—and its drawing of attention to one specific contingency—has an important downside that could lead
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Perceptions of COVID-19 Risk: How Did People Adapt to the Novel Risk? Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Karen Sepucha, Aaron Rudkin, Ryan Baxter-King, Annette L. Stanton, Neil Wenger, Lynn Vavreck, Arash Naeim
BackgroundThere is limited understanding of how risk perceptions changed as the US population gained experience with COVID-19. The objectives were to examine risk perceptions and determine the factors associated with risk perceptions and how these changed over the first 18 mo of the pandemic.MethodsSeven cross-sectional online surveys were fielded between May 2020 and October 2021. The study included
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Comparing Discrete Choice Experiment with Swing Weighting to Estimate Attribute Relative Importance: A Case Study in Lung Cancer Patient Preferences Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 J. Veldwijk, I. P. Smith, S. Oliveri, S. Petrocchi, M. Y. Smith, L. Lanzoni, R. Janssens, I. Huys, G. A. de Wit, C. G. M Groothuis-Oudshoorn
IntroductionDiscrete choice experiments (DCE) are commonly used to elicit patient preferences and to determine the relative importance of attributes but can be complex and costly to administer. Simpler methods that measure relative importance exist, such as swing weighting with direct rating (SW-DR), but there is little empirical evidence comparing the two. This study aimed to directly compare attribute
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International Systematic Review of Utility Values Associated with Cardiovascular Disease and Reflections on Selecting Evidence for a UK Decision-Analytic Model Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Rob Hainsworth, Alexander J. Thompson, Bruce Guthrie, Katherine Payne, Gabriel Rogers
PurposeEvaluating interventions for cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires estimates of its effect on utility. We aimed to 1) systematically review utility estimates for CVDs published since 2013 and 2) critically appraise UK-relevant estimates and calculate corresponding baseline utility multipliers.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and Embase (April 22, 2021) using CVD and utility terms. We screened results
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Overestimation of Survival Rates of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Is Associated with Higher Preferences to Be Resuscitated: Evidence from a National Survey of Older Adults in Switzerland. Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Clément Meier,Sarah Vilpert,Maud Wieczorek,Gian Domenico Borasio,Ralf J Jox,Jürgen Maurer
BACKGROUND Many widely used advance directives templates include direct questions on individuals' preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in case of decision-making incapacity during medical emergencies. However, as knowledge of the survival rates of CPR is often limited, individuals' advance decisions on CPR may be poorly aligned with their preferences if false beliefs about the survival
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Effect of Mortality alongside 5-Year Survival Rates and Incidence on the Public's Perceived Benefits of Cancer Screening and Screening Intention: A Web-Based Experimental Study. Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Soyun Kim
BACKGROUND Mortality is critical information in evaluating the benefits of cancer screening. However, 5-y survival rates and incidence, without mortality, have been frequently communicated to the public. Based on the literature that people's perceptions and judgments can be altered by the way of presenting health statistics, the current study examined whether mortality alongside 5-y survival and incidence
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Reporting Economic Evaluations with Value of Information Analyses Using the CHEERS Value of Information (CHEERS-VOI) Reporting Guideline. Med. Decis. Mak. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Natalia Kunst,Annisa Siu,Michael Drummond,Sabine Grimm,Janneke Grutters,Don Husereau,Hendrik Koffijberg,Claire Rothery,Edward C F Wilson,Anna Heath