-
Autochthonous Ascariasis, Mississippi, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Charlotte V. Hobbs, James Matthew Rhinewalt, Irene Arguello, Lacy Malloch, Lora Martin, William M. Poston, Paul Byers, Richard S. Bradbury
We describe a case of a 2-year-old child who expelled a single adult female Ascaris lumbricoides worm. The patient is from a rural county in Mississippi, USA, with reported no travel outside of the United States. The caregivers in the home practice good sanitation. Exposure to domestic pigs is the likely source of infection.
-
Successful Treatment of Confirmed Naegleria fowleri Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Ahmed Mujadid Khan Burqi, Luqman Satti, Saira Mahboob, Syed Onaiz Zulfiqar Anwar, Mahwash Bizanjo, Muhammad Rafique, Najia Karim Ghanchi
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri is a rare but nearly always fatal parasitic infection of the brain. Globally, few survivors have been reported, and the disease has no specific treatment. We report a confirmed case in Pakistan in a 22-year-old man who survived after aggressive therapy.
-
Acanthamoeba Infection and Nasal Rinsing, United States, 1994–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Julia C. Haston, Chelsea Serra, Erin Imada, Emalee Martin, Ibne Karim M. Ali, Jennifer R. Cope
We describe 10 patients with nonkeratitis Acanthamoeba infection who reported performing nasal rinsing before becoming ill. All were immunocompromised, 7 had chronic sinusitis, and many used tap water for nasal rinsing. Immunocompromised persons should be educated about safe nasal rinsing to prevent free-living ameba infections.
-
Prioritizing Mental Health within HIV and Tuberculosis Services in PEPFAR Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Rena Fukunaga, Paul Pierre, John K. Williams, Rebeca Briceno-Robaugh, Sam Kalibala, Meaghan Peterson, Patrick K. Moonan
Underprioritization of mental health is a global problem and threatens the decades-long progress of the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program. In recent years, mental health has become globally recognized as a part of universal healthcare, making this an opportune moment for the global community to integrate mental health services into routine programming. PEPFAR is well positioned
-
Breaking Through: My Life in Science Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Sara C. Keller
Breaking Through: My Life in Science
-
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Ukraine, 2017–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Victor Naestholt Dahl, Tetiana Butova, Alex Rosenthal, Alina Grinev, Andrei Gabrielian, Sergo Vashakidze, Natalia Shubladze, Bekzat Toxanbayeva, Lyailya Chingissova, Valeriu Crudu, Dumitru Chesov, Gulmira Kalmambetova, Gulbarchyn Saparova, Christian Morberg Wejse, Dmytro Butov
In 2021, the World Health Organization recommended new extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pre-XDR tuberculosis (TB) definitions. In a recent cohort of TB patients in Eastern Europe, we show that XDR TB as currently defined is associated with exceptionally poor treatment outcomes, considerably worse than for the former definition (31% vs. 54% treatment success).
-
Ocular Dirofilariasis in Migrant from Sri Lanka, Australia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Elliott D. Cope, Nishant Gupta, Anson V. Koehler, Robin B. Gasser, Amy Crowe
We describe a case of imported ocular dirofilariasis in Australia, linked to the Hong Kong genotype of Dirofilaria sp., in a migrant from Sri Lanka. Surgical extraction and mitochondrial sequences analyses confirmed this filarioid nematode as the causative agent and a Dirofilaria sp. not previously reported in Australia.
-
Case of Human Orthohantavirus Infection, Michigan, USA, 2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Samuel M. Goodfellow, Robert A. Nofchissey, Dustin Arsnoe, Chunyan Ye, Seonghyeon Lee, Jieun Park, Won-Keun Kim, Kartik Chandran, Shannon L.M. Whitmer, John D. Klena, Jonathan W. Dyal, Trevor Shoemaker, Diana Riner, Mary Grace Stobierski, Kimberly Signs, Steven B. Bradfute
Orthohantaviruses cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome; most cases occur in the southwest region of the United States. We discuss a clinical case of orthohantavirus infection in a 65-year-old woman in Michigan and the phylogeographic link of partial viral fragments from the patient and rodents captured near the presumed site of infection.
-
Ten Years of High-Consequence Pathogens—Research Gains, Readiness Gaps, and Future Goals Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Jennifer H. McQuiston, Joel M. Montgomery, Christina L. Hutson
Ten Years of High-Consequence Pathogens
-
Phylogenetic Characterization of Orthohantavirus dobravaense (Dobrava Virus) Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Mert Erdin, Ceylan Polat, Teemu Smura, Sercan Irmak, Ortac Cetintas, Muhsin Cogal, Faruk Colak, Ahmet Karatas, Mustafa Sozen, Ferhat Matur, Olli Vapalahti, Tarja Sironen, Ibrahim Mehmet Ali Oktem
We report complete coding sequences of Orthohantavirus dobravaense (Dobrava virus) Igneada strains and phylogenetic characterization of all available complete coding sequences. Our analyses suggested separation of host-dependent lineages, followed by geographic clustering. Surveillance of orthohantaviruses using complete genomes would be useful for assessing public health threats from Dobrava virus
-
Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Bailey Arruda, Amy L. Vincent Baker, Alexandra Buckley, Tavis K. Anderson, Mia Torchetti, Nichole Hines Bergeson, Mary Lea Killian, Kristina Lantz
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase
-
Emergence of Poultry-Associated Human Salmonella enterica Serovar Abortusovis Infections, New South Wales, Australia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Michael Payne, Sarah Williamson, Qinning Wang, Xiaomei Zhang, Vitali Sintchenko, Anthony Pavic, Ruiting Lan
Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusovis is a host-adapted pathogen that causes spontaneous abortion. Salmonella Abortusovis was reported in poultry in 2009 and has since been reported in human infections in New South Wales, Australia. Phylogenomic analysis revealed a clade of 51 closely related isolates from Australia originating in 2004. That clade was genetically distinct from ovine-associated isolates
-
A One Health Perspective on Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis, an Emerging Human Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Jennifer Mattock, Marie Anne Chattaway, Hassan Hartman, Timothy J. Dallman, Anthony M. Smith, Karen Keddy, Liljana Petrovska, Emma J. Manners, Sanelisiwe T. Duze, Shannon Smouse, Nomsa Tau, Ruth Timme, Dave J. Baker, Alison E. Mather, John Wain, Gemma C. Langridge
Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis presents an ever-increasing threat to public health because of its spread throughout many countries and association with high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We analyzed whole-genome sequences of 5,284 Salmonella Infantis strains from 74 countries, isolated during 1989-2020 from a wide variety of human, animal, and food sources, to compare genetic phylogeny
-
Geographic Disparities in Domestic Pig Population Exposure to Ebola Viruses, Guinea, 2017–2019 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Solène Grayo, Alimou Camara, Bakary Doukouré, Isabelle Ellis, Cécile Troupin, Kerstin Fischer, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Michael White, Martin H. Groschup, Sandra Diederich, Noël Tordo
Although pigs are naturally susceptible to Reston virus and experimentally to Ebola virus (EBOV), their role in Orthoebolavirus ecology remains unknown. We tested 888 serum samples collected from pigs in Guinea during 2017–2019 (between the 2013–16 epidemic and its resurgence in 2021) by indirect ELISA against the EBOV nucleoprotein. We identified 2 hotspots of possible pig exposure by IgG titer levels:
-
Link between Monkeypox Virus Genomes from Museum Specimens and 1965 Zoo Outbreak Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Michelle Hämmerle, Aigerim Rymbekova, Pere Gelabert, Susanna Sawyer, Olivia Cheronet, Paolo Bernardi, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer, Martin Kuhlwilm, Meriam Guellil, Ron Pinhasi
We using pathogen genomics to test orangutan specimens from a museum in Bonn, Germany, to identify the origin of the animals and the circumstances of their death. We found monkeypox virus genomes in the samples and determined that they represent cases from a 1965 outbreak at Rotterdam Zoo in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
-
Reemergence of Sylvatic Dengue Virus Serotype 2 in Kedougou, Senegal, 2020 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Idrissa Dieng, Maryam Diarra, Bacary Djilocalisse Sadio, Bocar Sow, Alioune Gaye, Amadou Diallo, Martin Faye, Marie Henriette Dior Ndione, Diawo Diallo, Safietou Sankhe, Mignane Ndiaye, Fode Danfakha, Boly Diop, Amadou Alpha Sall, Gamou Fall, Oumar Faye, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ousmane Faye, Scott C. Weaver, Mawlouth Diallo, Mamadou Aliou Barry, Moussa Moise Diagne
In 2020, a sylvatic dengue virus serotype 2 infection outbreak resulted in 59 confirmed dengue cases in Kedougou, Senegal, suggesting those strains might not require adaptation to reemerge into urban transmission cycles. Large-scale genomic surveillance and updated molecular diagnostic tools are needed to effectively prevent dengue virus infections in Senegal.
-
Potential Sexual Transmission of Antifungal-Resistant Trichophyton indotineae Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Stephanie Spivack, Jeremy A.W. Gold, Shawn R. Lockhart, Priyanka Anand, Laura A.S. Quilter, Dallas J. Smith, Briana Bowen, Jane M. Gould, Ahmed Eltokhy, Ahmed Gamal, Mauricio Retuerto, Thomas S. McCormick, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
We describe a case of tinea genitalis in an immunocompetent woman in Pennsylvania, USA. Infection was caused by Trichophyton indotineae potentially acquired through sexual contact. The fungus was resistant to terbinafine (first-line antifungal) but improved with itraconazole. Clinicians should be aware of T. indotineae as a potential cause of antifungal-resistant genital lesions.
-
Animal Exposure Model for Mapping Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Emergence Risk Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Sara Baz-Flores, Débora Jiménez-Martín, Alfonso Peralbo-Moreno, Cesar Herraiz, David Cano-Terriza, Raúl Cuadrado-Matías, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Francisco Ruiz-Fons
To estimate the determinants of spatial variation in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) transmission and to create a risk map as a preventive public health tool, we designed a survey of small domestic ruminants in Andalusia, Spain. To assess CCHFV exposure spatial distribution, we analyzed serum from 2,440 sheep and goats by using a double-antigen ELISA and modeled exposure probability with
-
-
Case Management of Imported Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Senegal, July 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Youssou Bamar Gueye, Yoro Sall, Jerlie Loko Roka, Ibra Diagne, Kalidou Djibril Sow, Alseyni Diallo, Pape Samba Dièye, Jean Pierre Diallo, Boly Diop, Omer Pasi
We report an imported Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever case in Senegal. The patient received PCR confirmation of virus infection 10 days after symptom onset. We identified 46 patient contacts in Senegal; 87.7% were healthcare professionals. Strengthening border crossing and community surveillance systems can help reduce the risks of infectious disease transmission.
-
Effects of Shock and Vibration on Product Quality during Last-Mile Transportation of Ebola Vaccine under Refrigerated Conditions Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Linda Bus-Jacobs, Rute Lau, Marjolein Soethoudt, Lisa Gebbia, Edwin Janssens, Tjeerd Hermans
Analyzing vaccine stability under different storage and transportation conditions is critical to ensure that effectiveness and safety are not affected by distribution. In a simulation of the last mile in the supply chain, we found that shock and vibration had no effect on Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen quality under refrigerated conditions.
-
Co-Circulating Monkeypox and Swinepox Viruses, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Thierry Kalonji, Emile Malembi, Jean Paul Matela, Toutou Likafi, Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki, Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki, Nicole A. Hoff, Amuri Aziza, Francisca Muyembe, Joelle Kabamba, Tine Cooreman, Béatrice Nguete, Danae Witte, Ahidjo Ayouba, Nicolas Fernandez-Nuñez, Stijn Roge, Martine Peeters, Sydney Merritt, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Eric Delaporte, Elisabeth Pukuta, Joachim Mariën, Eugene Bangwen, Steven
In September 2022, deaths of pigs manifesting pox-like lesions caused by swinepox virus were reported in Tshuapa Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Two human mpox cases were found concurrently in the surrounding community. Specific diagnostics and robust sequencing are needed to characterize multiple poxviruses and prevent potential poxvirus transmission.
-
Case Report of Nasal Rhinosporidiosis in South Africa Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Huzaifah Mayet, Denasha L. Reddy, Tika Bello Alvarez, Yahya Atiya, Nelesh P. Govender, Monica Birkhead, Tsidiso Maphanga, Sugeshnee Pather
We describe a classic case of nasal rhinosporidiosis in a woman who resided in Johannesburg, South Africa, but originated from a rural area in Eastern Cape Province. We confirmed histologic diagnosis using PCR testing and compared details with those from records on 17 other cases from South Africa.
-
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Diversity and Reassortment, Pakistan, 2017–2020 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Massab Umair, Zaira Rehman, Shannon Whitmer, Melissa Mobley, Ammad Fahim, Aamer Ikram, Muhammad Salman, Joel M. Montgomery, John D. Klena
Sporadic cases and outbreaks of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) have been documented across Pakistan since 1976; however, data regarding the diversity of CCHF virus (CCHFV) in Pakistan is sparse. We whole-genome sequenced 36 CCHFV samples collected from persons infected in Pakistan during 2017–2020. Most CCHF cases were from Rawalpindi (n = 10), followed by Peshawar (n = 7) and Islamabad (n
-
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses from Multispecies Outbreak, Argentina, August 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Agustina Rimondi, Ralph E.T. Vanstreels, Valeria Olivera, Agustina Donini, Martina Miqueo Lauriente, Marcela M. Uhart
We report full-genome characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus from an outbreak among sea lions (August 2023) in Argentina and possible spillover to fur seals and terns. Mammalian adaptation mutations in virus isolated from marine mammals and a human in Chile were detected in mammalian and avian hosts.
-
Chlamydia pneumoniae Upsurge at a Tertiary Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Florian Tagini, Onya Opota, Gilbert Greub
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection cases have usually accounted for <1.5% of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Currently, Lausanne, Switzerland is experiencing a notable upsurge in cases, with 28 reported within a span of a few months. This upsurge in cases highlights the need for heightened awareness among clinicians.
-
Clostridium butyricum Bacteremia Associated with Probiotic Use, Japan Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Ryuichi Minoda Sada, Hiroo Matsuo, Daisuke Motooka, Satoshi Kutsuna, Shigeto Hamaguchi, Go Yamamoto, Akiko Ueda
Clostridium butyricum, a probiotic commonly prescribed in Asia, most notably as MIYA-BM (Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; https://www.miyarisan.com), occasionally leads to bacteremia. The prevalence and characteristics of C. butyricum bacteremia and its bacteriologic and genetic underpinnings remain unknown. We retrospectively investigated patients admitted to Osaka University Hospital during September
-
Molecular Epidemiology of Underreported Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis in Europe Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Jaime Brizuela, Thomas J. Roodsant, Qureisha Hasnoe, Boas C.L. van der Putten, Jana Kozakova, Hans-Christian Slotved, Mark van der Linden, Ilse G.A. de Beer-Schuurman, Ewa Sadowy, Juan Antonio Sáez-Nieto, Victoria J. Chalker, Kees C.H. van der Ark, Constance Schultsz
Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen circulated through swine, can cause severe infections in humans. Because human S. suis infections are not notifiable in most countries, incidence is underestimated. We aimed to increase insight into the molecular epidemiology of human S. suis infections in Europe. To procure data, we surveyed 7 reference laboratories and performed a systematic review
-
Mental Health and Tuberculosis—Holding Our Breath in Isolation Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Rena Fukunaga, Patrick K. Moonan
About the Cover
-
Geographic Variation and Environmental Predictors of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Laboratory Surveillance, Virginia, USA, 2021–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Brendan Mullen, Eric R. Houpt, Josh Colston, Lea Becker, Sharon Johnson, Laura Young, Jasie Hearn, Joe Falkinham, Scott K. Heysell
Because epidemiologic and environmental risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported only infrequently, little information exists about those factors. The state of Virginia, USA, requires certain ecologic features to be included in reports to the Virginia Department of Health, presenting a unique opportunity to study those variables. We analyzed laboratory reports of Mycobacterium
-
Source Tracing of Leishmania donovani in Emerging Foci of Visceral Leishmaniasis, Western Nepal Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Pieter Monsieurs, Kristien Cloots, Surendra Uranw, Megha Raj Banjara, Prakash Ghimire, Sakib Burza, Epco Hasker, Jean-Claude Dujardin, Malgorzata Anna Domagalska
We sequenced Leishmania donovani genomes in blood samples collected in emerging foci of visceral leishmaniasis in western Nepal. We detected lineages very different from the preelimination main parasite population, including a new lineage and a rare one previously reported in eastern Nepal. Our findings underscore the need for genomic surveillance.
-
Subdural Empyema from Streptococcus suis Infection, South Korea Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Sejin Choi, Tae-Hwan Park, Hyun-Jeong Lee, Tae Hyoung Kim, Jin-Deok Joo, Jisoon Huh, You Nam Chung, Sang Taek Heo, Eui Tae Kim, Jong-Kook Rhim
In Jeju Island, South Korea, a patient who consumed raw pig products had subdural empyema, which led to meningitis, sepsis, and status epilepticus. We identified Streptococcus suis from blood and the subdural empyema. This case illustrates the importance of considering dietary habits in similar clinical assessments to prevent misdiagnosis.
-
Bedaquiline Resistance after Effective Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Namibia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Gunar Günther, Lusia Mhuulu, Azaria Diergaardt, Viola Dreyer, Maria Moses, Kaarna Anyolo, Nunurai Ruswa, Mareli Claassens, Stefan Niemann, Emmanuel Nepolo
Bedaquiline is currently a key drug for treating multidrug-resistant or rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. We report and discuss the unusual development of resistance to bedaquiline in a teenager in Namibia, despite an optimal background regimen and adherence. The report highlights the risk for bedaquiline resistance development and the need for rapid drug-resistance testing.
-
Delayed Diagnosis of Locally Acquired Lyme Disease, Central North Carolina, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Ross M. Boyce, Peyton Pretsch, Kay Tyrlik, Abigail Schulz, Dana A. Giandomenico, Alexis M. Barbarin, Carl Williams
Healthcare providers in North Carolina, USA, have limited experience diagnosing and managing Lyme disease because few cases occur annually statewide. We outline the prolonged diagnostic course for a patient with locally acquired Lyme disease in North Carolina. This case highlights the need for greater awareness and professional education.
-
High Prevalence of Echinostoma mekongi Infection in Schoolchildren and Adults, Kandal Province, Cambodia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Jeonggyu Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
A high prevalence of Echinostoma mekongi infection (13.9%; 260/1,876) was found among schoolchildren and adults in Kandal Province, Cambodia, by fecal examination, worm expulsion, and molecular analysis of cox1 and nd1 genes. The source of infection was consumption of Pila sp. snails, a finding confirmed morphologically and molecularly.
-
Biphasic MERS-CoV Incidence in Nomadic Dromedaries with Putative Transmission to Humans, Kenya, 2022–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Brian Maina Ogoti, Victor Riitho, Johanna Wildemann, Nyamai Mutono, Julia Tesch, Jordi Rodon, Kaneemozhe Harichandran, Jackson Emanuel, Elisabeth Möncke-Buchner, Stella Kiambi, Julius Oyugi, Marianne Mureithi, Victor M. Corman, Christian Drosten, Samuel M. Thumbi, Marcel A. Müller
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in dromedaries in Africa, but camel-to-human transmission is limited. Sustained 12-month sampling of dromedaries in a Kenya abattoir hub showed biphasic MERS-CoV incidence; peak detections occurred in October 2022 and February 2023. Dromedary-exposed abattoir workers (7/48) had serologic signs of previous MERS-CoV exposure.
-
Estimates of Incidence and Predictors of Fatiguing Illness after SARS-CoV-2 Infection Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Quan M. Vu, Annette L. Fitzpatrick, Jennifer R. Cope, Jeanne Bertolli, Nona Sotoodehnia, T. Eoin West, Nikki Gentile, Elizabeth R. Unger
This study aimed to estimate the incidence rates of post–COVID-19 fatigue and chronic fatigue and to quantify the additional incident fatigue caused by COVID-19. We analyzed electronic health records data of 4,589 patients with confirmed COVID-19 during February 2020–February 2021 who were followed for a median of 11.4 (interquartile range 7.8–15.5) months and compared them to data from 9,022 propensity
-
The Last of Us and the Question of a Fungal Pandemic in Real Life Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Georgios Pappas, Georgia Vrioni
The television series The Last of Us imagines a postapocalyptic world ravaged by a fungal pandemic caused by a Cordyceps species. We evaluate whether a fungal pandemic is possible (and reasons behind its current improbability). We further discuss the series’ effect on public perception of fungi, fungal infections, and pandemic response.
-
Streptobacillus moniliformis and IgM and IgG Immune Response in Patient with Endocarditis Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Philipp Mathé, Katja Schmidt, Viktoria Schindler, Ahmad Fawzy, Tilman Schultze, Reinhard E. Voll, David Pauli, Milena Popova, Franziska Schauer, Tobias Eisenberg
We describe a case of endocarditis caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis bacteria, a known cause of rat-bite fever, in a 32-year-old woman with pet rats in Germany. The patient had a strong serologic response, with high IgM and IgG titers. Serologic analysis is a promising tool to identify S. moniliformis bacterial infection.
-
Emergence of Thelaziosis Caused by Thelazia callipaeda in Dogs and Cats, United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Ranju R.S. Manoj, Holly White, Rebecca Young, Charles E. Brown, Renee Wilcox, Domenico Otranto, Manigandan Lejeune
We report 2 autochthonous feline thelaziosis cases caused by the eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda and discuss the spread among dogs in the northeastern United States. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the parasite was introduced from Europe. Adopting a One Health approach is needed to limit further spread of T. callipaeda eyeworms in North America.
-
Potentially Zoonotic Enteric Infections in Gorillas and Chimpanzees, Cameroon and Tanzania Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Emily K. Strahan, Jacob Witherbee, Richard Bergl, Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, Dismas Mwacha, Deus Mjungu, Mimi Arandjelovic, Romanus Ikfuingei, Karen Terio, Dominic A. Travis, Thomas R. Gillespie
Despite zoonotic potential, data are lacking on enteric infection diversity in wild apes. We employed a novel molecular diagnostic platform to detect enteric infections in wild chimpanzees and gorillas. Prevalent Cryptosporidium parvum, adenovirus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli across divergent sites and species demonstrates potential widespread circulation among apes in Africa.
-
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b in Domestic Ducks, Indonesia, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Hendra Wibawa, Putut Eko Wibowo, Arif Supriyadi, Lestari Lestari, Jessiaman Silaban, Aziz Ahmad Fuadi, Anna Januar Fiqri, Retno Wulan Handayani, Sri Handayani Irianingsih, Zaza Fahmia, Herdiyanto Mulyawan, Syafrison Idris, Nuryani Zainuddin
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were isolated from domestic ducks in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, during April 2022. The viruses were genetically similar to those detected in East Asia during 2021–2022. Molecular surveillance of wild birds is needed to detect potential pandemic threats from avian influenza virus.
-
Wastewater Surveillance for Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities, Kentucky, USA, 2021–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 James W. Keck, Reuben Adatorwovor, Matthew Liversedge, Blazan Mijotavich, Cullen Olsson, William D. Strike, Atena Amirsoleimani, Ann Noble, Soroosh Torabi, Alexus Rockward, Mohammad Dehghan Banadaki, Ted Smith, Parker Lacy, Scott M. Berry
Persons living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) were disproportionately affected by COVID-19. We used wastewater surveillance to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in this setting by collecting and testing 24-hour composite wastewater samples 2–4 times weekly at 6 LTCFs in Kentucky, USA, during March 2021–February 2022. The LTCFs routinely tested staff and symptomatic and exposed residents for SARS-CoV-2
-
Recent Changes in Patterns of Mammal Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Worldwide Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Pablo I. Plaza, Víctor Gamarra-Toledo, Juan Rodríguez Euguí, Sergio A. Lambertucci
We reviewed information about mammals naturally infected by highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H5N1 during 2 periods: the current panzootic (2020–2023) and previous waves of infection (2003–2019). In the current panzootic, 26 countries have reported >48 mammal species infected by H5N1 virus; in some cases, the virus has affected thousands of individual animals. The geographic area and
-
Systematic Review of Scales for Measuring Infectious Disease–Related Stigma Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Amy Paterson, Ashleigh Cheyne, Benjamin Jones, Stefan Schilling, Louise Sigfrid, Jeni Stolow, Lina Moses, Piero Olliaro, Amanda Rojek
Infectious disease outbreaks are associated with substantial stigma, which can have negative effects on affected persons and communities and on outbreak control. Thus, measuring stigma in a standardized and validated manner early in an outbreak is critical to disease control. We reviewed existing scales used to assess stigma during outbreaks. Our findings show that many different scales have been developed
-
Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Delia D. Djuicy, Serge A. Sadeuh-Mba, Chanceline N. Bilounga, Martial G. Yonga, Jules B. Tchatchueng-Mbougua, Gael D. Essima, Linda Esso, Inès M.E. Nguidjol, Steve F. Metomb, Cornelius Chebo, Samuel M. Agwe, Placide A. Ankone, Firmin N.N. Ngonla, Hans M. Mossi, Alain G.M. Etoundi, Sara I. Eyangoh, Mirdad Kazanji, Richard Njouom
During 1979–2022, Cameroon recorded 32 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases among 137 suspected mpox cases identified by the national surveillance network. The highest positivity rate occurred in 2022, indicating potential mpox re-emergence in Cameroon. Both clade I (n = 12) and clade II (n = 18) monkeypox virus (MPXV) were reported, a unique feature of mpox in Cameroon. The overall case-fatality ratio
-
Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Child, Argentina Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Cristian Javier Mena, Magalí Pérez Garófalo, Juliana Perazzo, Carolina Epelbaum, Gonzalo Castro, Paola Sicilia, Andrés Barnes, Lorena Guasconi, Verónica L. Burstein, Ignacio Beccacece, Mariel A. Almeida, Laura Cervi, Monica Santin, Laura S. Chiapello
We report a case of Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in a pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient in Argentina. Spores were visualized in feces using Calcofluor White and modified trichrome stainings. PCR and sequencing identified E. bieneusi genotype D in fecal samples and liver samples, confirming extraintestinal dissemination of the parasite.
-
Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Child, Argentina Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Cristian Javier Mena, Magalí Pérez Garófalo, Juliana Perazzo, Carolina Epelbaum, Gonzalo Castro, Paola Sicilia, Andrés Barnes, Lorena Guasconi, Verónica L. Burstein, Ignacio Beccacece, Mariel A. Almeida, Laura Cervi, Monica Santin, Laura S. Chiapello
We report a case of Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in a pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient in Argentina. Spores were visualized in feces using Calcofluor White and modified trichrome stainings. PCR and sequencing identified E. bieneusi genotype D in fecal samples and liver samples, confirming extraintestinal dissemination of the parasite.
-
Inadvertent Platelet Transfusion from Monkeypox Virus–Infected Donor to Recipient, Thailand, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Jiratchaya Puenpa, Duangnapa Intharasongkroh, Sompong Vongpunsawad, Dootchai Chaiwanichsiri, Yong Poovorawan
In Thailand, platelet product from a blood donor was transfused to a recipient who had dengue. Two days later, the donor was confirmed to have monkeypox virus infection. Monkeypox virus DNA was undetectable in recipient specimens up to 2 weeks after transfusion. The recipient remained asymptomatic at 4 weeks of monitoring.
-
Detection of Invasive Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes through Molecular Surveillance, Ghana Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Yaw A. Afrane, Anisa Abdulai, Abdul R. Mohammed, Yaw Akuamoah-Boateng, Christopher M. Owusu-Asenso, Isaac K. Sraku, Stephina A. Yanney, Keziah Malm, Neil F. Lobo
The invasive Anopheles stephensi mosquito has rapidly expanded in range in Africa over the past decade. Consistent with World Health Organization guidelines, routine entomologic surveillance of malaria vectors in Accra, Ghana, now includes morphologic and molecular surveillance of An. stephensi mosquitoes. We report detection of An. stephensi mosquitoes in Ghana.
-
Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pneumonia Incidence Rates among Children 2–59 Months of Age, Mongolia, 2015–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Claire von Mollendorf, Munkhchuluun Ulziibayar, Cattram D. Nguyen, Purevsuren Batsaikhan, Bujinlkham Suuri, Dashtseren Luvsantseren, Dorj Narangerel, John de Campo, Margaret de Campo, Bilegtsaikhan Tsolmon, Sodbayar Demberelsuren, Eileen M. Dunne, Catherine Satzke, Tuya Mungun, E. Kim Mulholland
Starting in June 2016, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced into the routine immunization program of Mongolia by using a 2+1 dosing schedule, phased by district. We used prospective hospital surveillance to evaluate the vaccine’s effect on pneumonia incidence rates among children 2–59 months of age over a 6-year period. Of 17,607 children with pneumonia, overall adjusted
-
Spatial Analysis of Drug-Susceptible and Multidrug-Resistant Cases of Tuberculosis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2020–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Ruan Spies, Hanh N. Hong, Phu P. Trieu, Luong K. Lan, Kim Lan, N.N. Hue, Nguyen T.L. Huong, Tran T.L.N. Thao, Nguyen L. Quang, Thu D.D. Anh, Truong V. Vinh, Dang T.M. Ha, Phan T. Dat, Nguyen P. Hai, Le H. Van, Guy E. Thwaites, Nguyen T.T. Thuong, James A. Watson, Timothy M. Walker
We characterized the spatial distribution of drug-susceptible (DS) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) cases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, a major metropolis in southeastern Asia, and explored demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with local TB burden. Hot spots of DS and MDR TB incidence were observed in the central parts of Ho Chi Minh City, and substantial heterogeneity was
-
Multimodal Surveillance Model for Enterovirus D68 Respiratory Disease and Acute Flaccid Myelitis among Children in Colorado, USA, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Kevin Messacar, Shannon Matzinger, Kevin Berg, Kirsten Weisbeck, Molly Butler, Nicholas Pysnack, Hai Nguyen-Tran, Emily Spence Davizon, Laura Bankers, Sarah A. Jung, Meghan Birkholz, Allison Wheeler, Samuel R. Dominguez
Surveillance for emerging pathogens is critical for developing early warning systems to guide preparedness efforts for future outbreaks of associated disease. To better define the epidemiology and burden of associated respiratory disease and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), as well as to provide actionable data for public health interventions, we developed a multimodal surveillance program in Colorado
-
Staphylococcus succinus Infective Endocarditis, France Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Louise Ruffier d’Epenoux, Erwan Fayoux, Frédéric Laurent, Pascale Bémer, Raphael Lecomte, Thierry Le Tourneau, Aurélie Guillouzouic, Stéphane Corvec
Infective endocarditis is a rare condition in humans and is associated with high illness and death rates. We describe a case of infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus succinus bacteria in France. We used several techniques for susceptibility testing for this case to determine the oxacillin profile.
-
Burkholderia pseudomallei Bacteria in Ornamental Fish Tanks, Vientiane, Laos, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Tim Venkatesan, Vannavong Siritana, Joy Silisouk, Tamalee Roberts, Matthew T. Robinson, David A.B. Dance
In 2019, a melioidosis case in Maryland, USA, was shown to have been acquired from an ornamental fish tank contaminated with Burkholderia pseudomallei bacteria, likely derived from Southeast Asia. We investigated the presence of B. pseudomallei in ornamental fish tanks in the endemic area of Vientiane, Laos.
-
Taenia martis Neurocysticercosis-Like Lesion in Child, Associated with Local Source, the Netherlands Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Hendriekje Eggink, Miriam Maas, Judith M.A. van den Brand, Jasja Dekker, Frits Franssen, Eelco W. Hoving, Laetitia M. Kortbeek, Mariëtte E.G. Kranendonk, Linda C. Meiners, Anne E. Rittscher, Jeroen Roelfsema, Elisabeth H. Schölvinck
A neurocysticercosis-like lesion in an 11-year-old boy in the Netherlands was determined to be caused by the zoonotic Taenia martis tapeworm. Subsequent testing revealed that 15% of wild martens tested in that region were infected with T. martis tapeworms with 100% genetic similarity; thus, the infection source was most likely local.
-
Newly Identified Mycobacterium africanum Lineage 10, Central Africa Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Christophe Guyeux, Gaetan Senelle, Adrien Le Meur, Philip Supply, Cyril Gaudin, Jody E. Phelan, Taane G Clark, Leen Rigouts, Bouke de Jong, Christophe Sola, Guislaine Refrégier
Analysis of genome sequencing data from >100,000 genomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using TB-Annotator software revealed a previously unknown lineage, proposed name L10, in central Africa. Phylogenetic reconstruction suggests L10 could represent a missing link in the evolutionary and geographic migration histories of M. africanum.
-
Incursion of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus, Brazil, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Andreina Carvalho de Araújo, Laura Morais Nascimento Silva, Andrew Yong Cho, Márcio Repenning, Deyvid Amgarten, Ana Paula de Moraes, Fernanda Malta, Michael Miller, Erick G. Dorlass, Soledad Palameta, Daniele Bruna L. Oliveira, Jansen de Araújo, Clarice Weis Arns, Edison L. Durigon, João Renato R. Pinho, Dong-Hun Lee, Helena Lage Ferreira
We report 4 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4.b viruses in samples collected during June 2023 from Royal terns and Cabot’s terns in Brazil. Phylodynamic analysis revealed viral movement from Peru to Brazil, indicating a concerning spread of this clade along the Atlantic Americas migratory bird flyway.
-
Betacoronavirus Infection Outbreak, São Paulo, Brazil, Fall 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves, Ana H. Perosa, Gabriela Barbosa, Diogo B. Ferreira, N. Bellei
We report a human coronavirus OC43 infection outbreak in hospitalized patients and healthcare workers in São Paulo, Brazil, occurring after SARS-CoV-2 cases disappeared. Infection was associated with healthcare workers in 5 (29.4%) patients. Routine surveillance including a respiratory virus panel can improve coronavirus detection in both healthcare professionals and patients.
-
Microsporidia (Encephalitozoon cuniculi) in Patients with Degenerative Hip and Knee Disease, Czech Republic Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Bohumil Sak, Petra Gottliebová, Elka Nyčová, Nikola Holubová, Jana Fenclová, Marta Kicia, Żaneta Zajączkowska, Martin Kváč
Total joint arthroplasty is a commonly used surgical procedure in orthopedics. Revision surgeries are required in >10% of patients mainly because of prosthetic joint infection caused by bacteria or aseptic implant loosening caused by chronic inflammation. Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a microsporidium, an obligate intracellular parasite, capable of exploiting migrating proinflammatory immune cells for