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Pasteurellaceae [pas′′-tər-ə-lā′-sē-ī] Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Clyde Partin
Etymologia
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevalence and Risk Factors among Healthy Term Infants, United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Ferdinand Cacho, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Larry J. Anderson, James D. Chappell, Christian Rosas-Salazar, Justin R. Ortiz, Tina Hartert
In a population-based birth cohort study of respiratory syncytial virus surveillance in the United States, 897/1,680 (53.4%) children were infected during infancy; 25/897 (2.8%) were hospitalized. Among symptomatic infants, 143/324 (44.1%) had lower respiratory tract infections. These data provide benchmarks to monitor effects of maternal vaccines and extended half-life monoclonal antibodies.
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Infectious Disease Physicians’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Wastewater Surveillance, United States, 2024 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Carly Adams, Libby Horter, Susan E. Beekmann, Philip M. Polgreen, Jessica N. Ricaldi, Souci Louis, Scott Santibañez
A survey of US infectious disease physicians indicated that few regularly reviewed wastewater surveillance (WWS) data but many reported examples of the effect or potential effect of WWS on clinical practice. WWS data can be useful for physicians, but increased communication between public health professionals and physicians regarding WWS could improve its utility.
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Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by Pasteurella dagmatis, Germany Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Felix A. Rottmann, Peter Schorle, Roland Giesen, Christoph Jäger
An 81-year-old male patient in Germany had prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Pasteurella dagmatis after a domestic cat bite. We surgically treated a paravalvular abscess and administered definitive antibiotic therapy consisting of penicillin G and levofloxacin. The patient was discharged from the intensive-care unit in good condition 21 days after the surgery.
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Migration of Amblyomma maculatum Ticks and Rickettsia parkeri into the Northeastern United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Goudarz Molaei, Noelle Khalil, Carmen J. Ramos, Christopher D. Paddock
We document a case of Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis in a patient in Connecticut, USA, who became ill after a bite from a Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum). We used PCR to amplify R. parkeri DNA from the detached tick. The patient showed a 4-fold rise in IgG reactive with R. parkeri antigens.
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Clustering of Polymorphic Membrane Protein E Clade in Chlamydia trachomatis Lineages from Men who Have Sex with Men Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Morika Mitobe, Hiroaki Kubota, Kai Kobayashi, Hirofumi Miyake, Misao Takano, Daisuke Mizushima, Hiroyuki Gatanaga, Shinichi Oka, Jun Suzuki, Kenji Sadamasu
Several Chlamydia trachomatis lineages identified through outer membrane protein A genotyping or multilocus sequence typing have been circulating worldwide among men who have sex with men. In a study in Tokyo, Japan, we demonstrate that such lineages commonly belong to a specific polymorphic membrane protein E clade across genotypes.
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Investigation of a Human Case of Francisella tularensis Infection, United Kingdom, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Ameeka Thompson, Tim Brooks, Catherine Houlihan, Tommy Rampling, Helen Umpleby, Kayleigh Hansford, Jolyon Medlock, Alexander Vaux, Julie Logan, Andrew Frost, Sue Neale, Stephen Wyllie, Kirsty Dodgson, Dominic Haigh, Isra Halim, Raqib Huq, Michael Riste, N. Claire Gordon
Tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis, is not known to occur in the United Kingdom. We report a case of tularemia diagnosed in July 2023 in a UK patient with no travel in the 6 weeks before symptom onset. We describe the subsequent multiagency investigation into possible routes of acquisition.
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Oxacillinase-484–Producing Enterobacterales, France, 2018–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Cécile Emeraud, Sandrine Bernabeu, Delphine Girlich, Inès Rezzoug, Agnès B. Jousset, Aurélien Birer, Thierry Naas, Rémy A. Bonnin, Laurent Dortet
We examined the emergence and characteristics of oxacillinase-484–producing Enterobacterales in France during 2012–2023. Genomic analysis identified 2 predominant sequence types in Escherichia coli: ST410 and ST1722. Plasmid analysis revealed that blaOXA-484 genes were carried mostly on an IncX3-type plasmid associated with genetic elements including insertion sequences IS3000 and ISKpn19.
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Rapid Increase in Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Antibodies among Dogs, Northwestern North Carolina, USA, 2017–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Peyton K. Pretsch, Katherine Tyrlik-Olk, Hilary Sandborn, Dana A. Giandomenico, Alexis M. Barbarin, Carl Williams, Paul L. Delamater, Barbara Qurollo, Stephanie van der Westhuizen, Ross M. Boyce
We evaluated spatial-temporal risk for Lyme disease in northwestern North Carolina, USA, by using individual-level canine Borrelia burgdorferi seroprevalence data collected during 2017–2021 at routine veterinary screenings for tickborne diseases. Seroprevalence in dogs increased from 2.2% (47/2,130) in 2017 to 11.2% (339/3,033) in 2021. The percentage of incident seropositivity increased from 2.1%
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SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses in Rats, Berlin, Germany, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Kerstin Wernike, Calvin Mehl, Andrea Aebischer, Lorenz Ulrich, Mario Heising, Rainer G. Ulrich, Martin Beer
We tested 130 rats captured in Berlin for coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 1 rat, but all animals were negative by reverse transcription PCR, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 was not circulating in the rat population. However, alphacoronaviruses were found. Monitoring rodent populations helps to determine coronavirus occurrence, transmission, and zoonotic potential.
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Chlorine Inactivation of Elizabethkingia spp. in Water Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 David A. Holcomb, Diana Riner, Benjamin Cowan, Zainab Salah, Wiley C. Jennings, Mia C. Mattioli, Jennifer L. Murphy
We performed chlorine inactivation experiments for Elizabethkingia anophelis and E. meningoseptica bacterial strains from clinical and environmental sources. Free chlorine concentration × contact time values <0.04 mg·min/L achieved 99.9% inactivation of Elizabethkingia species, indicating chlorine susceptibility. Measures to control biofilm producing pathogens in plumbing are needed to prevent Elizabethkingia
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Autochthonous Human Babesia divergens Infection, England Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Guillermo A. Zabala, Robert Lever, Xin Hui Chan, Henrietta Bristowe, Emer Kilbride, David Richards, Mark Daly, Michael Brown, Nick Johnson, Laura Eve Nabarro, Hanif Esmail, Gauri Godbole, Peter L. Chiodini
We describe a case of autochthonous human Babesia divergens infection in an immunocompetent woman in England. The patient had fever, hemolysis, and multiorgan failure, and 18% parasitemia. We confirmed B. divergens by 18S rDNA PCR and sequencing. Clinicians should consider babesiosis as a differential diagnosis in patients with unexplained hemolysis.
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Fort Sherman Virus Infection in Human, Peru, 2020 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-17 Edmilson F. de Oliveira-Filho, César Augusto Cabezas Sánchez, Dora Esther Valencia Manosalva, Maribel Dana Figueroa Romero, Nancy Susy Merino Sarmiento, Adolfo Ismael Marcelo Ñique, Edward Málaga-Trillo, Andres Moreira-Soto, Maria Paquita García Mendoza, Jan Felix Drexler
Fort Sherman virus (FSV) was isolated in Panama in 1985 from a US soldier. We report a case of human FSV infection in a febrile patient from northern coastal Peru in 2020. FSV infections spanning ≈35 years and a distance of 2,000 km warrant diagnostics, genomic surveillance, and investigation of transmission cycles.
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Early Introductions of Candida auris Detected by Wastewater Surveillance, Utah, USA, 2022–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-17 Jorge Chavez, Katherine Crank, Casey Barber, Daniel Gerrity, Thomas Iverson, Joshua Mongillo, Angela Weil, Linda Rider, Nathan Lacross, Kelly Oakeson, Alessandro Rossi
Candida auris is considered a nosocomial pathogen of high concern and is currently spreading across the United States. Infection control measures for C. auris focus mainly on healthcare facilities, yet transmission levels may already be significant in the community before outbreaks are detected in healthcare settings. Wastewater-based epidemiology (culture, quantitative PCR, and whole-genome sequencing)
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Economic Analysis of National Program for Hepatitis C Elimination, Israel, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-17 Yuval Dadon, Francis B. Mimouni, Ariella Toren, Tal Morgenstern, Lior Barak, Joseph Mendlovic
In 2021, the Israel Ministry of Health began a national hepatitis C elimination program. Implementing a World Health Organization goal, Israel’s program involved targeted screening, barrier minimization, workup simplification, awareness campaigns, and a patient registry. We evaluated program costs for testing and treatment. By May 15, 2023, the program had identified 865,382 at-risk persons, of whom
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Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Humans with Diarrhea and from Poultry, East Africa Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-17 Nigel P. French, Kate M. Thomas, Nelson B. Amani, Jackie Benschop, Godfrey M. Bigogo, Sarah Cleaveland, Ahmed Fayaz, Ephrasia A. Hugho, Esron D. Karimuribo, Elizabeth Kasagama, Ruth Maganga, Matayo L. Melubo, Anne C. Midwinter, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Victor V. Mosha, Fadhili I. Mshana, Peninah Munyua, John B. Ochieng, Lynn Rogers, Emmanuel Sindiyo, Emanuel S. Swai, Jennifer R. Verani, Marc-Alain Widdowson
Campylobacteriosis and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are global public health concerns. Africa is estimated to have the world’s highest incidence of campylobacteriosis and a relatively high prevalence of AMR in Campylobacter spp. from humans and animals. Few studies have compared Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans and poultry in Africa using whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility
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Temporal Characterization of Prion Shedding in Secreta of White-Tailed Deer in Longitudinal Study of Chronic Wasting Disease, United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-17 Nathaniel D. Denkers, Erin E. McNulty, Caitlyn N. Kraft, Amy V. Nalls, Joseph A. Westrich, Edward A. Hoover, Candace K. Mathiason
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) affects cervids in North America, Asia, and Scandinavia. CWD is unique in its efficient spread, partially because of contact with infectious prions shed in secreta. To assess temporal profiles of CWD prion shedding, we collected saliva, urine, and feces from white-tailed deer for 66 months after exposure to low oral doses of CWD-positive brain tissue or saliva. We analyzed
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Bluetongue Virus in the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus), 2010–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Javier Caballero-Gómez, Marta Sánchez-Sánchez, Cristina Lorca-Oró, Isabel G. Fernández de Mera, Irene Zorrilla, Guillermo López, Rosa Rosell, Rebeca Grande-Gómez, Juan I. Montoya-Oliver, Javier Salcedo, Jorge Paniagua, Cristina Cano-Gómez, Moisés Gonzálvez, Ignacio García-Bocanegra
Clinical infection and death caused by bluetongue virus infection has been reported in the Eurasian lynx. Bluetongue virus surveillance in the Iberian lynx revealed widespread and repeated exposure to serotypes 1 and 4 in wild and captive populations of this species. This exposure is possibly from a spillover event from sympatric ruminants.
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Rift Valley Fever Epizootic, Rwanda, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Eric Remera, Edson Rwagasore, Olivier Nsekuye, Muhammed Semakula, Misbah Gashegu, Robert Rutayisire, Leandre Ishema, Clarisse Musanabaganwa, Yvan Butera, Sabin Nsanzimana, Claude M. Muvunyi, Ayman Ahmed
A Rift Valley fever epizootic affected livestock in Rwanda during March–October 2022. We confirmed 3,112 infections with the virus, including 1,342 cases, 1,254 abortions, and 516 deaths among cattle, goats, and sheep. We recommend a One Health strategy for investigations and response to protect animal and human health.
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Bartonella spp. in Phlebotomine Sand Flies, Brazil Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Daniel Antônio Braga Lee, Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro, Andréia Fernandes Brilhante, Paulo Vitor Cadina Arantes, Gustavo Seron Sanches, Eliz Oliveira Franco, Rosangela Zacarias Machado, Ricardo G. Maggi, Edward B. Breitschwerdt, Marcos Rogério André
Bartonella spp. are opportunistic, vectorborne bacteria that can cause disease in both animals and humans. We investigated the molecular occurrence of Bartonella spp. in 634 phlebotomine sand fly specimens, belonging to 44 different sand fly species, sampled during 2017–2021 in north and northeastern Brazil. We detected Bartonella sp. DNA in 8.7% (55/634) of the specimens by using a quantitative real-time
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Evidence of Lineage 1 and 3 West Nile Virus in Person with Neuroinvasive Disease, Nebraska, USA, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-12 Emily Davis, Jason Velez, Jeff Hamik, Kelly Fitzpatrick, Jacki Haley, Jeremy Eschliman, Amanda Panella, J. Erin Staples, Amy Lambert, Matthew Donahue, Aaron C. Brault, Holly R. Hughes
West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common cause of human arboviral disease in the contiguous United States, where only lineage 1 (L1) WNV had been found. In 2023, an immunocompetent patient was hospitalized in Nebraska with West Nile neuroinvasive disease and multisystem organ failure. Testing at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated an unusually high viral load and acute antibody
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Fatal Oropouche Virus Infections in Nonendemic Region, Brazil, 2024 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-13 Antonio Carlos Bandeira, Felicidade Mota Pereira, Arabela Leal, Sara P.O. Santos, Ana Claudia Barbosa, Marcia Sao Pedro Leal Souza, Daniele Ribeiro de Souza, Natalia Guimaraes, Vagner Fonseca, Marta Giovanetti, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, André Alvarez A. Lessa, Ramon Costa Saavedra, Luiz Marcelo R. Tomé, Felipe Campos M. Iani, Rivia Mary Barros, Sandra Maria O. Purificação, Jaciara Prado de Jesus
We report acute Oropouche virus infections in 2 previously healthy women from a nonendemic region of Brazil outside the Amazon Basin. Infections rapidly progressed to hemorrhagic manifestations and fatal outcomes in 4–5 days. These cases highlight the critical need for enhanced surveillance to clarify epidemiology of this neglected disease.
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Virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei ATS2021 Unintentionally Imported to United States in Aromatherapy Spray Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Christopher K. Cote, Kevin D. Mlynek, Christopher P. Klimko, Sergei S. Biryukov, Sherry Mou, Melissa Hunter, Nathaniel O. Rill, Jennifer L. Dankmeyer, Jeremey A. Miller, Yuli Talyansky, Michael L. Davies, J. Matthew Meinig, Stephanie A. Halasohoris, Anette M. Gray, Jade L. Spencer, Ashley L. Babyak, M. Kelly Hourihan, Bobby J. Curry, Ronald G. Toothman, Sara I. Ruiz, Xiankun Zeng, Keersten M. Ricks
In the United States in 2021, an outbreak of 4 cases of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis and a Tier One Select Agent (potential for deliberate misuse and subsequent harm), resulted in 2 deaths. The causative strain, B. pseudomallei ATS2021, was unintentionally imported into the United States in an aromatherapy spray manufactured in India. By analyzing virulence, we established
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Associations between Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index Scores, Rurality, and Histoplasmosis Incidence, 8 US States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Dallas J. Smith, Malavika Rajeev, Kristina Boyd, Kaitlin Benedict, Ian Hennessee, Laura Rothfeldt, Connie Austin, Mary-Elizabeth Steppig, Dimple Patel, Rebecca Reik, Malia Ireland, Judi Sedivy, Suzanne Gibbons-Burgener, Renee M. Calanan, Samantha L. Williams, Sarah Rockhill, Mitsuru Toda
To explore associations between histoplasmosis and race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and rurality, we conducted an in-depth analysis of social determinants of health and histoplasmosis in 8 US states. Using the Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index (MH SVI), we analyzed county-level histoplasmosis incidence (cases/100,000 population) from the 8 states by applying generalized linear mixed
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Campylobacteriosis Outbreak Linked to Municipal Water, Nebraska, USA, 2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Lauren Jansen, Rachael Birn, Samir Koirala, Sadie Oppegard, Brianna Loeck, Jeff Hamik, Elizabeth Wyckoff, Dana Spindola, Sue Dempsey, Amanda Bartling, Alexis Roundtree, Amy Kahler, Charlotte Lane, Nancy Hogan, Nancy Strockbine, Haley McKeel, Jonathan Yoder, Mia Mattioli, Matthew Donahue, Bryan Buss
In September 2021, eight campylobacteriosis cases were identified in a town in Nebraska, USA. We assessed potential exposures for a case–control analysis. We conducted whole-genome sequencing on Campylobacter isolates from patients’ stool specimens. We collected large-volume dead-end ultrafiltration water samples for Campylobacter and microbial source tracking testing at the Centers for Disease Control
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Correlation Between Viral Wastewater Concentration and Respiratory Tests, Oregon Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Noah Lininger, Rebecca Falender, Paul Cieslak, Arilene Novak, M. Andraya Hendrick, Devrim Kaya, Casey Kanalos, Oumaima Hachimi, David Mickle, Christine Kelly, Tyler Radniecki, Melissa Sutton
We evaluated the association between wastewater concentration and weekly percent positivity of patient testing for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus in Oregon, USA. We found strong, positive correlations for SARS-CoV-2 (ρ = 0.84, p<0.001), influenza (ρ = 0.73, p<0.001) and respiratory syncytial virus (ρ = 0.69, p<0.001).
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Oropouche Fever, Cuba, May 2024 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Ana Julia Benitez, Mayling Alvarez, Lissette Perez, Rosario Gravier, Silvia Serrano, Denelsys Milagro Hernandez, Melissa Maria Perez, Gladys Gutierrez-Bugallo, Yanet Martinez, Ariamys Companioni, Carilda Peña, Jose Raul de Armas, Dayana Couto, Iliovanys Betancourt I, Madelaine Rivera Sanchez, Sonia Resik, Vivian Kouri, Maria G. Guzman
Phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus responsible for a May 2024 Oropouche fever outbreak in Cuba was closely related to viruses from Brazil in 2023. Pools of Ceratopogonidae spp. biting midges and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were positive for Oropouche viral RNA. No cases were severe. Virus extension to new areas may increase case numbers and severity.
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Epidemiologic Quantities for Monkeypox Virus Clade I from Historical Data with Implications for Current Outbreaks, Democratic Republic of the Congo Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-10 Valentina Marziano, Giorgio Guzzetta, Ira Longini, Stefano Merler
We used published data from outbreak investigations of monkeypox virus clade I in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to estimate the distributions of critical epidemiological parameters. We estimated a mean incubation period of 9.9 days (95% credible interval [CrI] 8.5–11.5 days) and a mean generation time of 17.2 days (95% CrI 14.1–20.9 days) or 11.3 days (95% CrI 9.4–14.0 days), depending on the
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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Seals, Russia, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-06 Ivan Sobolev, Alexander Alekseev, Kirill Sharshov, Maria Chistyaeva, Alexander Ivanov, Olga Kurskaya, Olesia Ohlopkova, Alexey Moshkin, Anastasiya Derko, Arina Loginova, Mariya Solomatina, Alimurad Gadzhiev, Yuhai Bi, Alexander Shestopalov
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was detected in dead seals on Tyuleniy Island in eastern Russia, in the Sea of Okhotsk. Viruses isolated from dead northern fur seals belong to clade 2.3.4.4b and are closely related to viruses detected predominantly in the Russian Far East and Japan in 2022–2023.
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Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Cats in Mice and Ferrets, South Korea, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-06 Il-Hwan Kim, Jeong-Hyun Nam, Chi-Kyeong Kim, Yong Jun Choi, Hyeokjin Lee, Bo Min An, Nam-Joo Lee, Hyoseon Jeong, Su-Yeon Lee, Sang-Gu Yeo, Eun-Kyoung Lee, Youn-Jeong Lee, Jee Eun Rhee, Sang Won Lee, Youngmee Jee, Eun-Jin Kim
The prevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses has increased in wild birds and poultry worldwide, and concomitant outbreaks in mammals have occurred. During 2023, outbreaks of HPAI H5N1 virus infections were reported in cats in South Korea. The H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses isolated from 2 cats harbored mutations in the polymerase basic protein 2 gene encoding single amino
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Circovirus Hepatitis in Immunocompromised Patient, Switzerland Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-03 Baptiste Hamelin, Philippe Pérot, Ian Pichler, Jasmin D. Haslbauer, David Hardy, David Hing, Sarra Loulizi, Béatrice Regnault, Anouk Pieters, Ingmar Heijnen, Caroline Berkemeier, Maria Mancuso, Verena Kufner, Niels Willi, Anne Jamet, Nolwenn Dheilly, Marc Eloit, Mike Recher, Michael Huber, Kirsten D. Mertz
We identified a novel human circovirus in an immunocompromised 66-year-old woman with sudden onset of self-limiting hepatitis. We detected human circovirus 1 (HCirV-1) transcripts in hepatocytes and the HCirV-1 genome long-term in the patient’s blood, stool, and urine. HCirV-1 is an emerging human pathogen that persists in susceptible patients.
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Spatiotemporal Epidemiology of Oropouche Fever, Brazil, 2015–2024 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-30 Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho, Thialla Andrade Carvalho, Cliomar Alves dos Santos
We assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics of Oropouche fever in Brazil during 2015–2024. We found the number of cases substantially increased during that period, particularly in the Amazon region. Our findings underscore the need for improved surveillance and public health measures in response to the disease’s potential spread beyond endemic areas.
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Presumed Transmission of 2 Distinct Monkeypox Virus Variants from Central African Republic to Democratic Republic of the Congo Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 Emmanuel Hasivirwe Vakaniaki, Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki, Sydney Merritt, Francois Kasongo, Emile Malembi, Lygie Lunyanga, Sylvie Linsuke, Megan Halbrook, Ernest Kalthan, Elisabeth Pukuta, Adrienne Amuri Aziza, Jean Claude Makangara Cigolo, Raphael Lumembe, Gabriel Kabamba, Yvon Anta, Pierrot Bolunza, Innocent Kanda, Raoul Ngazobo, Thierry Kalonji, Justus Nsio, Patricia Matoka, Dieudonné Mwamba, Christian
We linked 4 mpox cases in South Ubangi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, to transboundary transmission from Central African Republic. Viral genome sequencing demonstrated that the monkeypox virus sequences belonged to distinct clusters of subclade Ia. This finding demonstrates the borderless nature of mpox and highlights the need for vigilant regional surveillance.
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Mpox Epidemiology and Vaccine Effectiveness, England, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-27 Hannah Charles, Katie Thorley, Charlie Turner, Kirsty F. Bennet, Nick Andrews, Marta Bertran, Sema Mandal, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Mary E. Ramsay, Hamish Mohammed, Katy Sinka
Reported mpox cases in England continued at a low but steady frequency during 2023. Of 137 cases reported in 2023, approximately half were acquired overseas and half were in vaccinated persons. Estimated effectiveness of 2-dose vaccine was 80%, and no vaccinated mpox patient was hospitalized.
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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus in Wild Migratory Birds, Qinghai Lake, China, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-27 Xiaoqing Zhang, Jiaying Wu, Yanhai Wang, Mengchan Hao, Haizhou Liu, Sanling Fan, Juan Li, Jianqing Sun, Yubang He, Yuan Zhang, Jianjun Chen
In July 2022, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b occurred among migratory birds at Qinghai Lake in China. The virus circulated in June, and reassortants emerged after its introduction into the area. Surveillance in 2023 showed that the virus did not establish a stable presence in wild waterfowl.
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Dengue Virus Serotype 3 Origins and Genetic Dynamics, Jamaica Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-27 Shanice A. Redman, Lester J. Perez, Kenn Forberg, Keisha Francis, Jerome P. Walker, Tamara K. Thompson, Heather Phillips, Gavin A. Cloherty, Michael G. Berg, Joshua J. Anzinger
We identified 3 clades of dengue virus serotype 3 belonging to genotype III isolated during 2019–2020 in Jamaica by using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenomic and phylogeographic analyses. The viruses likely originated from Asia in 2014. Newly expanded molecular surveillance efforts in Jamaica will guide appropriate public health responses.
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Clinical Aspects and Disease Severity of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies equisimilis Bacteremia, Finland1. Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Viivi Nevanlinna,Janne Aittoniemi,Reetta Huttunen,Tiina Luukkaala,Sari Rantala
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Mortality Rate and Cause of Death in Adults with Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection, Denmark Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Andreas A. Pedersen, Victor N. Dahl, Anders Løkke, Inge K. Holden, Andreas Fløe, Rikke Ibsen, Ole Hilberg, Isik S. Johansen
Evidence on mortality rates and causes of death associated with extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is limited. This nationwide register-based study in Denmark used diagnostic codes to match adult patients with extrapulmonary NTM infection 1:4 to controls. During 2000–2017, we identified 485 patients, who had significantly more comorbidities than controls. The 5-year mortality
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Views Most Would Never See Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Byron Breedlove
About the Cover
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Association of Intestinal Helminthiasis with Disseminated Leishmaniasis, Brazil Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-15 Brady Page, Alexsandro Lago, Edgar M. Carvalho
Disseminated leishmaniasis is an emerging clinical form of Leishmania braziliensis infection. Evidence shows that co-infection by L. braziliensis and intestinal helminths does not affect clinical manifestations or response to therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. We evaluated whether co-infection was associated with those aspects in disseminated leishmaniasis patients in Brazil.
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Photo Quiz Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-15 Andrei Ionut Cucu, Antonio Perciaccante, Raffaella Bianucci
Photo Quiz
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Immunocompetent Patient Co-Infected with COVID-19 and Non-HIV Severe Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-15 Songsong Yu, Tiecheng Yang
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection that affects HIV-infected and immunocompromised persons and rarely affects immunocompetent patients. However, after the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, some COVID-19 patients without immunocompromise or HIV were infected with P. jirovecii. Clinical manifestations were atypical, easily misdiagnosed, and rapidly progressive, and the prognosis
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One Health Investigation into Mpox and Pets, United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Clint N. Morgan, Natalie M. Wendling, Nicolle Baird, Chantal Kling, Leah Lopez, Terese Navarra, Gracie Fischer, Nhien Wynn, Leslie Ayuk-Takor, Brandy Darby, Julia Murphy, Rachel Wofford, Emma Roth, Stacy Holzbauer, Jayne Griffith, Ali Ruprecht, Charlalynn Harris, Nadia Gallardo-Romero, Jeffrey B. Doty
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is zoonotic and capable of infecting many mammal species. However, whether common companion animals are susceptible to MPXV infection is unclear. During July 2022–March 2023, we collected animal and environmental swab samples within homes of confirmed human mpox case-patients and tested for MPXV and human DNA by PCR. We also used ELISA for orthopoxvirus antibody detection. Overall
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SARS-CoV-2 Dynamics in the English Premier League Testing Program Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Adam J. Kucharski, Timothy W. Russell, Joel Hellewell, Sebastian Funk, Andrew Steele, W. John Edmunds, Mark Gillett
During 2020–2022, players and staff in the English Premier League in the United Kingdom were tested regularly for SARS-CoV-2 with the aim of creating a biosecure bubble for each team. We found that prevalence and reinfection estimates were consistent with those from other studies and with community infection trends.
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Optimizing Disease Outbreak Forecast Ensembles Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Spencer J. Fox, Minsu Kim, Lauren Ancel Meyers, Nicholas G. Reich, Evan L. Ray
On the basis of historical influenza and COVID-19 forecasts, we found that more than 3 forecast models are needed to ensure robust ensemble accuracy. Additional models can improve ensemble performance, but with diminishing accuracy returns. This understanding will assist with the design of current and future collaborative infectious disease forecasting efforts.
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Thelazia callipaeda Eyeworms in American Black Bear, Pennsylvania, USA, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Caroline Sobotyk, Jaclyn Dietrich, Guilherme G. Verocai, Lauren Maxwell, Kevin Niedringhaus
We identified a Thelazia callipaeda eyeworm in an American black bear in Pennsylvania, USA, on the basis of its morphological features and molecular analysis. Our finding highlights emergence of a T. callipaeda worm sylvatic transmission cycle in the United States.
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Autochthonous Human Babesiosis Caused by Babesia venatorum, the Netherlands Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Niekie Spoorenberg, Clara F. Köhler, Evelien Vermeulen, Suzanne Jurriaans, Marion Cornelissen, Kristina E.M. Persson, Iris van Doorn, Hein Sprong, Joppe W. Hovius, Rens Zonneveld
Severe babesiosis with 9.8% parasitemia was diagnosed in a patient in the Netherlands who had previously undergone splenectomy. We confirmed Babesia venatorum using PCR and sequencing. B. venatorum was also the most prevalent species in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected around the patient’s home. Our findings warrant awareness for severe babesiosis in similar patients.
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Participatory, Virologic, and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Assess Underestimation of COVID-19 Incidence, Germany, 2020–2024 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Anna Loenenbach, Ann-Sophie Lehfeld, Peter Puetz, Barbara Biere, Susan Abunijela, Silke Buda, Michaela Diercke, Ralf Dürrwald, Timo Greiner, Walter Haas, Maria Helmrich, Kerstin Prahm, Jakob Schumacher, Marianne Wedde, Udo Buchholz
Using participatory, virologic, and wastewater surveillance systems, we estimated when and to what extent reported data of adult COVID-19 cases underestimated COVID-19 incidence in Germany. We also examined how case underestimation evolved over time. Our findings highlight how community-based surveillance systems can complement official notification systems for respiratory disease dynamics.
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Zoonotic Mansonella ozzardi in Raccoons, Costa Rica, 2019–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Joban Quesada, Paula Alfaro-Segura, Alberto Solano-Barquero, Karen Vega, Ernesto Rojas-Sánchez, Mauricio Jiménez, Alicia Rojas
Mansonella ozzardi, a filarioid parasite, causes human mansonellosis in the Americas. We identified raccoons (Procyon lotor) as wildlife reservoirs of M. ozzardi in Costa Rica. Noting the sympatry of free-ranging raccoons and humans, we conclude that mansonellosis is a considerable public health risk in the region.
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Fatal Case of Naegleria fowleri Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis from Indoor Surfing Center, Taiwan, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Hsin-Yi Wei, Yi-Wen Lai, Shu-Ying Li, Yen-I Lee, Meng-Kai Hu, Da-Der Ji, Chia-ping Su
We investigated a fatal case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis from an indoor surfing center in Taiwan. The case was detected through encephalitis syndromic surveillance. Of 56 environmental specimens, 1 was positive for Naegleria fowleri ameba. This report emphasizes the risk for N. fowleri infection from inadequately disinfected recreational waters, even indoors.
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Lower Microscopy Sensitivity with Decreasing Malaria Prevalence in the Urban Amazon Region, Brazil, 2018–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Priscila T. Rodrigues, Igor C. Johansen, Winni A. Ladeia, Fabiana D. Esquivel, Rodrigo M. Corder, Juliana Tonini, Priscila R. Calil, Anderson R.J. Fernandes, Pablo S. Fontoura, Carlos E. Cavasini, Joseph M. Vinetz, Marcia C. Castro, Marcelo U. Ferreira
Malaria is increasingly diagnosed in urban centers across the Amazon Basin. In this study, we combined repeated prevalence surveys over a 4-year period of a household-based random sample of 2,774 persons with parasite genotyping to investigate the epidemiology of malaria in Mâncio Lima, the main urban transmission hotspot in Amazonian Brazil. We found that most malarial infections were asymptomatic
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Use of Open-Source Epidemic Intelligence for Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Ukraine, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Anjali Kannan, Rosalie Chen, Zubair Akhtar, Braidy Sutton, Ashley Quigley, Margaret J. Morris, C. Raina MacIntyre
Formal infectious disease surveillance in Ukraine has been disrupted by Russia’s 2022 invasion, leading to challenges with tracking and containing epidemics. To analyze the effects of the war on infectious disease epidemiology, we used open-source data from EPIWATCH, an artificial intelligence early-warning system. We analyzed patterns of infectious diseases and syndromes before (November 1, 2021–February
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In Memoriam: Thomas J. Gryczan (1949–2024) Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-13 Byron Breedlove, Barbara Segal
In Memoriam
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Recognition of Antifungal-Resistant Dermatophytosis by Infectious Diseases Specialists, United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-13 Jeremy A.W. Gold, Kaitlin Benedict, Shawn R. Lockhart, Caitlyn Lutfy, Meghan Lyman, Dallas J. Smith, Philip M. Polgreen, Susan E. Beekmann
Antifungal-resistant dermatophyte infections have recently emerged as a global public health concern. A survey of US infectious diseases specialists found that only 65% had heard of this issue and just 39% knew how to obtain testing to determine resistance. Increased clinician awareness and access to testing for antifungal-resistant dermatophytosis are needed.
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Molecular Confirmation of Taenia solium Taeniasis in Child, Timor-Leste Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-13 Hanna Jin, Sung-Tae Hong, Merita Antonio Armindo Monteiro, Endang da Silva, Odete da Silva Viegas, Felix dos Santos Lopes, Dong Hee Kim, Sung Hye Kim
We report a case of Taenia solium taeniasis in a 10-year-old child in Timor-Leste, confirmed by molecular analysis, suggesting T. solium transmission to humans is occurring in Timor-Leste. Proactive measures are needed to improve public understanding of prevalence, geographic spread, and health implications of human taeniasis and cysticercosis in Timor-Leste.
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Epidemiology of Lyme Disease Diagnoses among Older Adults, United States, 2016–2019 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-13 Amy M. Schwartz, Christina A. Nelson, Alison F. Hinckley
We used Medicare data to identify >88,000 adults >65 years of age diagnosed and treated for Lyme disease during 2016–2019 in the United States. Most diagnoses occurred among residents of high-incidence states, in summer, and among men. Incidence of diagnoses was substantially higher than that reported through public health surveillance.
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Mosquitoes as Vectors of Mycobacterium ulcerans Based on Analysis of Notifications of Alphavirus Infection and Buruli Ulcer, Victoria, Australia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-13 Andrew H. Buultjens, Ee Laine Tay, Aidan Yuen, N. Deborah Friedman, Timothy P. Stinear, Paul D.R. Johnson
Alphavirus infections are transmitted by mosquitoes, but the mode of transmission for Mycobacterium ulcerans, which causes Buruli ulcer, is contested. Using notification data for Victoria, Australia, during 2017–2022, adjusted for incubation period, we show close alignment between alphavirus and Buruli ulcer seasons, supporting the hypothesis of mosquito transmission of M. ulcerans.