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National trends in drug overdose mortality in Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander populations, 2018-2022 medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-09-18 David T. Zhu, Andrew Park
ABSTRACT Background Drug overdose deaths have surged over the past two decades, disproportionately impacting racial/ethnic minority populations. Yet, little is known about drug overdose patterns among Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations. Methods We obtained data on drug overdose deaths and population totals from the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database and
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for cocaine use disorder: A pilot study medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-09-16 Heather E Webber, L. Elliot Hong, João Quevedo, Michael F Weaver, Joy M Schmitz, Scott D Lane
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a difficult-to-treat condition with no FDA-approved medications. Recent work has turned to brain stimulation methods to help rectify hypofrontality and dopamine reward system changes often observed in individuals with CUD. Preliminary studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have demonstrated promising results, but there is room for optimization of the stimulation
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Diagnostic Validity of Drinking Behaviour for Identifying Alcohol Use Disorder: Findings from a Nationally Representative Sample of Community Adults and an Inpatient Clinical Sample medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-09-16 Molly L Garber, Andriy Samokhvalov, Yelena Chorny, Onawa Labelle, Brian Rush, Jean Costello, James MacKillop
Background and Aims: Alcohol consumption is an inherent feature of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drinking characteristics may be diagnostically informative. This study had three aims: (1) to examine the classification accuracy of several drinking quantity/frequency indicators in a large representative sample of U.S. community adults; (2) to extend the findings to a clinical sample of adults; and
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Barriers and Facilitators to Community Pharmacist-Provided Injectable Naltrexone for Formerly Incarcerated Individuals During Community Reentry in Wisconsin medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-09-14 Jason Scott Chladek, Michelle A Chui
Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including injectable naltrexone, are a key component in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). These medications are especially important for individuals transitioning out of correctional facilities and back into their communities, as individuals receiving MOUD are 85% less likely to die due to drug overdose in the first month post-release and have a
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A Phenome-wide association study of genetically determined nicotine metabolism reveals novel links with health-related outcomes medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-09-12 Jadwiga Buchwald, Terho Lehtimäki, Olli Raitakari, Veikko Salomaa, Jaakko Kaprio, Matti Pirinen
Background Faster nicotine metabolism, defined as the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), is known to associate with heavier smoking and challenges in smoking cessation. However, the broader health implications of genetically determined nicotine metabolism are not well characterized. Methods We performed a hypothesis-free phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of over 21,000 outcome variables from UK
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Overdoses with Xylazine and Fentanyl Recorded in Pennsylvania’s Overdose Information Network medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-09-03 Manuel Cano, David T. Zhu, Yesenia Aponte-Meléndez, Pedro Mateu-Gelabert, Alex S. Bennett
Objectives This descriptive study examined suspected xylazine co-involvement in law enforcement-recorded fentanyl overdoses in Pennsylvania (excluding Philadelphia), focusing on other drug involvement, naloxone administration, and survival.
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Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Addiction medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-09-03 Hamed Ekhtiari, Arshiya Sangchooli, Owen Carmichael, F. Gerard Moeller, Patricio O’Donnell, Maria Oquendo, Martin P. Paulus, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Tatiana Ramey, Joseph Schacht, Mehran Zare-Bidoky, Anna Rose Childress, Kathleen Brady
As a neurobiological process, addiction involves pathological patterns of engagement with substances and a range of behaviors with a chronic and relapsing course. Neuroimaging technologies assess brain activity, structure, physiology, and metabolism at scales ranging from neurotransmitter receptors to large-scale brain networks, providing unique windows into the core neural processes implicated in
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Cognitive Dysfunction in the Addictions (CDiA): A Neuron to Neighbourhood Collaborative Research Program on Executive Dysfunction and Functional Outcomes in Outpatients Seeking Treatment for Addiction medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-08-31 Yuliya S. Nikolova, Anthony C. Ruocco, Daniel Felsky, Shannon Lange, Thomas D. Prevot, Erica Vieira, Daphne Voineskos, Jeffrey D. Wardell, Daniel M. Blumberger, Kevan Clifford, Ravinder Naik Dharavath, Philip Gerretsen, Ahmed N. Hassan, Sheila K. Jennings, Bernard LeFoll, Osnat Melamed, Joshua Orson, Peter Pangarov, Leanne Quigley, Cayley Russell, Kevin Shield, Matthew E. Sloan, Ashley Smoke, Victor
Background Substance use disorders (SUDs) are pressing global public health problems. Executive functions (EFs) are prominently featured in mechanistic models of addiction. However, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of EFs in SUDs, including the dimensional relationships of EFs to underlying neural circuits, molecular biomarkers, disorder heterogeneity, and functional ability. To improve
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A qualitative study of Benzodiazepine/Z-drug and Opioid co-use patterns and overdose risk medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-08-30 Hannah E. Family, Gabriele Vojt, Hannah Poulter, Chris P. Bailey, Ana Paula Abdala Sheikh, Damiana Cavallo, Sara Karimi, Nick Booth, Peter Da Silva, Louise Aitken, Samantha Stewart, Matthew Hickman, Graeme Henderson, Jennifer Scott, Joanna M. Kesten
Background Co-use of benzodiazepines and/or ‘z-drugs’ along with opioids is linked to the rise in drug related deaths (DRD) in the UK. Understanding patterns of co-use could inform harm reduction strategies for reducing DRDs. This study explored how people co-use, including dosages, timings, methods of administration, use of other substances and desired effects sought.
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Naloxone Administration and Survival in Overdoses Involving Opioids and Stimulants: An Analysis of Law Enforcement Data from 63 Pennsylvania Counties medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-08-28 Manuel Cano, Abenaa Jones, Sydney M. Silverstein, Raminta Daniulaityte, Frank LoVecchio
Background In consideration of rising deaths from opioid-stimulant-involved overdoses in the United States, this study explored rates of naloxone administration and survival in opioid overdoses with versus without stimulants co-involved.
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N-acetylcysteine as a treatment for substance use cravings: A meta-analysis medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-08-26 Emma L Winterlind, Samantha G Malone, Michael R Setzer, Mikela A Murphy, David L Saunders, Joshua C Gray
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may serve as a novel pharmacotherapy for substance use and substance craving in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), possibly through its potential to regulate glutamate. Though prior meta-analyses generally support NACs efficacy in reducing symptoms of craving, individual trials have found mixed results. The aims of the this updated meta-analysis were to (1) examine
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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcoholic Liver Disease medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-08-23 Tofunmi Abiola, Collin M Lehmann, Khaled Moussawi, Hawre Jalal
Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major public health concern and cause of mortality and morbidity. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a debilitating complication of AUD, mitigated by abstinence from alcohol use. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is emerging as a potential treatment for AUD. However, its cost-effectiveness compared to the standard medical treatment is unclear. Objective:
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Investigating experiences of stigma and its impact on substance use recovery among residents of recovery residences in the United States: A scoping review protocol. BSGH020 medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Gamji Rabiu Abu-Ba'are, Sahil Hogarty, Osman Wumpini Shamrock, Holly Russell, Kate Manchisi, Van Smtih, Amy Mericle
The objective of this scoping review is to systematically review the literature on stigma experienced by residents in recovery residences and its impact on substance use recovery outcomes. The review will use the PRISMA-ScR framework to identify studies focused on stigma and recovery in recovery residences published in English within the United States since 2000, including qualitative, quantitative
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The Detection of Xylazine in Tijuana, Mexico: Triangulating Drug Checking and Clinical Urine Testing Data medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-08-22 Joseph R. Friedman, Alejando Gonzalez Montoya, Carmina Ruiz, Mariana Alejandra Gonzalez Tejeda, Luis A. Segovia, Morgan E. Godvin, Edward Sisco, Elise M. Pyfrom, Meghan G. Appley, Chelsea L. Shover, Lilia Pacheco Bufanda
Introduction: Xylazine is a veterinary anesthetic increasingly present alongside illicit fentanyl in the US and Canada, presenting novel health risks. Although xylazine remains less common in the Western US, Mexican border cities serve as key trafficking hubs and may have higher prevalence of novel substances, but surveillance has been limited. Methods: We examined deidentified records from the Prevencasa
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National consensus statement on opioid agonist treatment in custodial settings medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Jocelyn Chan, Jon Cook, Michael Curtis, Adrian Dunlop, Ele Morrison, Suzanne Nielsen, Rebecca Winter, Thileepan Naren
Introduction Opioid use and dependence are prevalent among incarcerated people, contributing to elevated rates of overdose and other harms in this population. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) has been demonstrated as an effective intervention to mitigate these risks. However, challenges to health care implementation in the custodial sector result in suboptimal and variable access to OAT in prisons nationally
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Antiretroviral therapy adherence interventions among persons who use alcohol and other substances in fisherfolk communities: A systematic review medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-08-19 Martin Osayande Agwogie, Landon Kuester, Polly Radcliffe, Andrea Gordon, Mary Loos, Anna Williams
Background: Suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a major challenge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment interventions among persons who use alcohol and other substances (AOS) in fisherfolk communities. While studies have identified barriers to ART adherence and interventions to address these barriers in this population, no systematic review has been conducted to establish
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Changes in self-reported alcohol consumption at high and low consumption in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: A test of the polarization hypothesis medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Alexander Tran, Huan Jiang, Shannon Lange, Mindaugas Štelemėkas, Daumantas Stumbrys, Ilona Tamutienė, Jürgen Rehm
Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated public health measures had an impact on alcohol use. Based on the literature of past crises (health, economic, etc.), it was hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a polarization of drinking–that is, heavy drinkers increased their drinking, while light to moderate drinkers decreased their drinking and/or temporarily
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A comparison of prevalence estimates of smoking, alternative nicotine and alcohol use in Great Britain collected via telephone versus face-to-face: Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit surveys medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Vera Helen Buss, Loren Kock, Harry Oisin Tattan-Birch, Sarah E Jackson, Lion Shahab, Jamie Brown
Background and Aims: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the survey mode of the Smoking and Alcohol Toolkit Study, a long-running repeat cross-sectional survey, had to change from face-to-face to telephone interviews. This study aimed to assess similarities and differences in sociodemographic, smoking, alternative nicotine and alcohol use estimates between the two survey modes, to understand the potential
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Development and Validation of a Pictorial Cue Database for Cannabis Cue Reactivity Studies: Insights from Behavioral and Neural Investigations medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-07-27 Zahra Hamidein, Neda Mohammad, Parnian Rafei, Mohsen Ebrahimi, Hamed Ekhtiari, Tara Rezapour, Peyman Ghobadi-Azbari
Introduction: Craving, a potent driving force behind drug-seeking and consumption behaviors, represents a dynamic emotional-motivational response primarily elicited by drug-related cues. In laboratory settings, the drug cue reactivity (DCR) paradigm is frequently employed to evoke craving and investigate the neural and behavioral responses to drug cues. This study adopts functional magnetic resonance
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Methods US Adults Used to Stop Smoking, 2021-2022 medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Floe Foxon, Ray Niaura
Nationally representative Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) survey data were used to identify which subpopulations of US adults had stopped smoking cigarettes for 6 months or longer in the last year and the methods they used. From 2021 through 2022, 2.9 million adults stopped smoking. Most of these were male, non-Hispanic White, aged less than 55 years, college educated, and identified
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Which Social Media Platforms Provide the Most Informative Data for Monitoring the Opioid Crisis? medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-07-07 Kristy A Carpenter, Anna T Nguyen, Delaney A Smith, Issah A Samori, Keith Humphreys, Anna Lembke, Mathew V Kiang, Johannes C Eichstaedt, Russ B Altman
Background and Aims Social media can provide real-time insight into trends in substance use, addiction, and recovery. Prior studies have leveraged data from platforms such as Reddit and X (formerly Twitter), but evolving policies around data access have threatened their usability in opioid overdose surveillance systems. Here, we evaluate the potential of a broad set of platforms to detect emerging
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HARMONY (HARM reduction for Opiates, Nicotine and You): Statistical Analysis Plan for a Randomised Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Vaporised Nicotine Products for Tobacco Smoking Cessation amongst NSW Opiate Agonist Treatment Clients medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-06-21 Christopher Oldmeadow, Erin Nolan, Billie Bonevski, Melissa A Jackson, Nicholas Lintzeris, Nadine Ezard, Coral Gartner, Paul Haber, Richard Hallinan, Craig Rodgers, Tim Ho, Adrian J Dunlop
Background The HARMONY study is a multicentre, randomised, single-blinded parallel group trial. It will compare the effectiveness of a 12-week course of liquid nicotine delivered via vapourised nicotine products (VNPs) to best practice nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation in individuals receiving opiate agonist treatment (OAT). The aim of publishing this statistical analysis plan
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HARMONY (HARM reduction for Opiates, Nicotine and You) Trial: Protocol of a Randomised Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Vaporised Nicotine Products for Tobacco Smoking Cessation amongst NSW Opiate Agonist Treatment Clients medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-06-21 Billie Bonevski, Melissa A Jackson, Emma Austin, Nicholas Lintzeris, Nadine Ezard, Coral Gartner, Christopher Oldmeadow, Paul Haber, Richard Hallinan, Craig Rodgers, Tim Ho, Mary Harrod, Adrian J Dunlop
Introduction Tobacco smoking is a major cause of preventable disease in Australia. Individuals receiving opiate agonist treatment (OAT) are a group who experience high tobacco-related morbidity and mortality rates. Despite reporting a desire to stop, relapse rates in OAT clients are high and cessation attempts supported by pharmacotherapy are less effective than in general populations. New and innovative
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Altered Dynamics and Characterization of Functional Networks in Cocaine Use Disorder: A Coactivation Pattern Analysis of Resting-State fMRI data. medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-06-20 Benjamin Klugah-Brown, Xing Yao, Hang Yang, Pan Wang, Bharat B Biswal
Background Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) poses significant neurobiological and neuropsychiatric challenges, often resulting in severe cognitive and behavioral impairments. This study aims to explore the neural dynamics of CUD using a dynamic coactivation pattern (CAP) analysis approach to provide a deeper understanding of the transient neurobiological mechanisms of the disorder. Methods Resting-state
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FRONTAL WHITE MATTER CHANGES INDICATE RECOVERY WITH INPATIENT TREATMENT IN HEROIN ADDICTION medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault, Sarah G King, Yuefeng Huang, Ahmet O Ceceli, Greg Kronberg, Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z Goldstein
Importance: Amidst an unprecedented opioid epidemic, identifying neurobiological correlates of change with medication-assisted treatment of heroin use disorder is imperative. Distributed white matter (WM) impairments in individuals with heroin use disorder (iHUD) have been associated with increased drug craving, a reliable predictor of treatment outcomes. However, little is known about the extent of
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Brain-wide pleiotropy investigation of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking behaviors medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Giovanni Deiana, Jun He, Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza, Roberto Ciccocioppo, Valerio Napolioni, Renato Polimanti
To investigate the pleiotropic mechanisms linking brain structure and function to alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking, we integrated genome-wide data generated by the GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN; up to 805,431 participants) with information related to 3,935 brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) available from UK Biobank (N=33,224). We observed global genetic
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Candidate Genes from an FDA-Approved Algorithm Fail to Predict Opioid Use Disorder Risk in Over 450,000 Veterans medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-05-16 Christal N. Davis, Zeal Jinwala, Alexander S. Hatoum, Sylvanus Toikumo, Arpana Agrawal, Christopher T. Rentsch, Howard J. Edenberg, James W. Baurley, Emily E. Hartwell, Richard C. Crist, Joshua C. Gray, Amy C. Justice, Joel Gelernter, Rachel L. Kember, Henry R. Kranzler
Importance Recently, the Food and Drug Administration gave pre-marketing approval to algorithm based on its purported ability to identify genetic risk for opioid use disorder. However, the clinical utility of the candidate genes comprising the algorithm has not been independently demonstrated.
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Altered brain glucose metabolism in nicotine use but not in hazardous alcohol consumption or problem gambling of healthy middle-aged adults medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Seunghyeon Shin, Keunyoung Kim, Jihyun Kim, Hyun-Yeol Nam, Ju Won Seok, Kyoungjune Pak
Objectives We aimed to determine whether chronic nicotine use, alcohol consumption, and gambling alters brain glucose metabolism.
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Serum cytokine and inflammatory markers in individuals with heroin use disorder: potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease severity medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Eduardo R. Butelman, Yuefeng Huang, Flurin Cathomas, Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault, Panos Roussos, Scott J. Russo, Rita Z. Goldstein, Nelly Alia-Klein
Opioid use disorders cause major morbidity and mortality, and there is a pressing need for novel mechanistic targets and biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Exposure to mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists causes changes in cytokine and inflammatory protein networks in peripheral blood, and also in brain glia and neurons. Individuals with heroin use disorder (iHUD) show dysregulated levels of several
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Impact of year-long cannabis use for medical symptoms on brain activation during cognitive processes medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Debbie Burdinski, Alisha Kodibagkar, Kevin Potter, Randi Schuster, A. Eden Evins, Satrajit Ghosh, Jodi Gilman
Importance: Cannabis is increasingly being used to treat medical symptoms, but the effects of cannabis use on brain function in those using cannabis for these symptoms is not known.
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Multi-omics profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression alterations in human cocaine use disorder medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Eric Zillich, Hanna Belschner, Diana Avetyan, Diego Andrade-Brito, José Jaime Martínez-Magaña, Josef Frank, Naguib Mechawar, Gustavo Turecki, Judit Cabana-Domínguez, Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo, Bru Cormand, Janitza L. Montalvo-Ortiz, Markus M. Nöthen, Anita C. Hansson, Marcella Rietschel, Rainer Spanagel, Stephanie H. Witt, Lea Zillich
Structural and functional changes of the brain are assumed to contribute to excessive cocaine intake, craving, and relapse in cocaine use disorder (CUD). Epigenetic and transcriptional changes were hypothesized as a molecular basis for CUD-associated brain alterations. Here we performed a multi-omics study of CUD by integrating epigenome-wide methylomic (N=42) and transcriptomic (N=25) data from the
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Beyond the Smoke: A Phenomenological Study of Health and Social Implications of Kush Use Among Sierra Leonean Youths medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Ronald Abu Bangura, Alhassan Mayei, Patrick Fatoma, Joseph Anderson Bunting-Graden, John Paul Kaisam, Rashid Ansumana
Background The rising use of “Kush” among Sierra Leone’s youth is a public health concern. Kush, a concoction of Cannabis indica and synthetic substances, symbolizes the broader issue of drug misuse in low-income settings. This study explored the intricacies of Kush use among young Sierra Leoneans, highlighting the gravity of the crisis.
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Naturalistic drug cue reactivity in heroin use disorder: orbitofrontal synchronization as a marker of craving and recovery medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Greg Kronberg, Ahmet O. Ceceli, Yuefeng Huang, Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault, Sarah G. King, Natalie McClain, Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z. Goldstein
Movies captivate groups of individuals (the audience), especially if they contain themes of common motivational interest to the group. In drug addiction, a key mechanism is maladaptive motivational salience attribution whereby drug cues outcompete other reinforcers within the same environment or context. We predicted that while watching a drug-themed movie, where cues for drugs and other stimuli share
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Baseline gut microbiome and metabolites are correlated with alcohol consumption in a zonisamide clinical trial of heavy drinking alcoholic civilians medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Liv R. Dedon, Hanshu Yuan, Jinhua Chi, Haiwei Gu, Albert J. Arias, Jonathan M. Covault, Yanjiao Zhou
Development and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been linked to variations in gut microbiota and their associated metabolites in both animal and human studies. However, the involvement of the gut microbiome in alcohol consumption of individuals with AUD undergoing treatment remains unclear. To address this, stool samples (n=48) were collected at screening (baseline) and trial completion from
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Long-lasting cigarette smoking alterations in immune function occur in cannabis smokers, possibly rendering them vulnerable to smoking-related tumors in later life medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Steven Lehrer, Peter H. Rheinstein
Background Active cigarette smoking leads to increased CXCL5 production. CXCL5 mediates the immune response by attracting immune cells to areas of inflammation. Elevated CXCL5 levels are associated with various inflammatory diseases and tumorigenesis. In addition, smoking is linked to an increase in the level of the cytokine CEACAM6 in the bloodstream of smokers. CEACAM6 is increased in pancreatic
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Comparative effectiveness of extended release naltrexone and sublingual buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder among Medicaid patients medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Rachael K. Ross, Edward V. Nunes, Mark Olfson, Matisyahu Shulman, Noa Krawczyk, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Kara E. Rudolph
Aims To compare the real-world effectiveness of extended release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and sublingual buprenorphine (SL-BUP) for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD)
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Pharmacological Management of Gambling Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Konstantinos Ioannidis, Cinzia del Giovane, Charidimos Tzagarakis, Jeremy E Solly, Samuel J Westwood, Valeria Parlatini, Henrietta Bowden-Jones, Jon E Grant, Samuele Cortese, Samuel R Chamberlain
Background: Clinical guidelines remain unclear on which medications for gambling disorder are to be preferred in terms of efficacy and tolerability. We aimed to compare pharmacological treatments for gambling disorder in terms of efficacy and tolerability, using network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: We searched, up to 19 February 2024, a broad range of databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO
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Fentanyl initiation rate following the requirement for specialist approval medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Oren Miron, Yael Wolff Sagy, Mark Levin, Esti Lubich, Jordan Lewinski, Maya Shpunt, Wiessam Abu Ahmad, Ilya Borochov, Doron Netzer, Gil Lavie
Importance Healthcare organizations are exploring tools to address unwarranted fentanyl use which often leads to increased risk of addiction and overdose. Objective To assess the impact of a requirement for a specialist's approval on fentanyl initiation for non-oncological pain. Design, Settings and Participants Retrospective cohort examination of fentanyl initiations and opioid dispensations for 4
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Genetic liability for anxiety associates with treatment response to the monoamine stabilizer OSU6162 in alcohol dependence medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Mun-Gwan Hong, Lotfi Khemiri, Joar Guterstam, Johan Franck, Nitya Jayaram-Lindstrom, Philippe A. Melas
OSU6162, a monoamine stabilizer, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing alcohol and anxiety-related behaviors in preclinical settings. In a previous randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with alcohol dependence (AD), we found that OSU6162 significantly reduced craving for alcohol, but did not alter drinking behaviors. In the present study, we explored the hypothesis that
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Alcohol, smoking, and illicit substance use in Cameroon: unveiling related risk factors among university students in Yaounde medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Fabrice Zobel Lekeumo Cheuyem, Michel Franck Edzamba, Adidja Amani, Tatiana Mossus
Background: Substance use, including alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, is a growing public health problem worldwide. There is a rapid increase in substance use among young adults in many sub-Saharan African countries. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with the use of different psychoactive substances among university students in Yaounde. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study
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Perspectives and Recommendations from Hospitalized Patients with Substance Use Disorders: A Qualitative Study medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Evan A. Balmuth, Sonali Iyer, David A. Scales, Jonathan Avery
BACKGROUND: Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) are hospitalized in growing numbers. Stigma is pervasive among their hospital providers, and SUD management during medical admissions is often inadequate. However, little is known about how these patients perceive their care quality. In particular, few studies have explored their positive care perceptions or recommendations for improvement
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Neuroanatomical variability associated with early substance use initiation: Results from the ABCD Study medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Alex P Miller, David AA Baranger, Sarah E Paul, Hugh Garavan, Scott Mackey, Susan F Tapert, Kimberly H LeBlanc, Arpana Agrawal, Ryan Bogdan
The extent to which neuroanatomical variability associated with substance involvement reflects pre-existing risk and/or consequences of substance exposure remains poorly understood. In the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD®) Study, we identify associations between global and regional differences in brain structure and early substance use initiation (i.e., occurring <15 years of age; nsanalytic=6
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Applying Multi-Theory Model (MTM) in Determining Intentions to Smoking Cessation among male Health Worker Smokers in Kabul, Afghanistan medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Farkhondeh Amin Shokravi, Mousa Bashir, Anoshiravan Kazemnezhad
Introduction: Globally, smoking causes lung cancer and a wide range of acute and chronic diseases. A fourth-generation behavioral framework, the multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change was used to predict the initiation and maintenance of smoking cessation among health worker smokers. Methods: By visiting different Health Centers, a convenience sample of male health worker smokers from west
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Examining the association between the FTO gene and neuroticism reveals indirect effects on subjective well-being and problematic alcohol use medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Wenjie Cai, Yvonne Forsell, Catharina Lavebratt, Philippe A. Melas
Associations between the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and obesity are well-established. However, recent studies have linked FTO to addiction phenotypes and dopaminergic signaling, thus suggesting broader psychiatric implications. We explored this assumption by conducting a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) across 4,756 genome-wide association studies (GWASs), identifying 26 psychiatric
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Neuroscience-Informed Classification of Prevention Interventions in Substance Use Disorders: An RDoC-based Approach medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Tara Rezapour, Parnian Rafei, Alexander Baldacchino, Patricia J. Conrod, Geert Dom, Diana H. Fishbein, Atefeh Kazemi, Vincent Hendriks, Nicola Newton, Nathaniel R. Riggs, Lindsay M. Squeglia, Maree Teesson, Jasmin Vassileva, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Hamed Ekhtiari
Neuroscience has contributed to uncover the mechanisms underpinning substance use disorders (SUD). The next frontier is to leverage these mechanisms as active targets to create more effective interventions for SUD treatment and prevention. Recent large-scale cohort studies from early childhood are generating multiple levels of neuroscience-based information with the potential to inform the development
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Functional networks of reward and punishment processing and their molecular profiles predicting the severity of young adult drinking medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Yashuang Li, Lin Yang, Dongmei Hao, Yu Chen, Bao Li, Youjun Liu, Yiyao Ye-Lin, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Guangfei Li
Background Alcohol misuse is associated with altered punishment and reward processing. Here, we investigated neural network responses to reward and punishment and the molecular profiles of the connectivity features predicting alcohol use severity in young adults.
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Associations between e-cigarette marketing exposure and vaping nicotine and cannabis among U.S. adults, 2021 medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-04 Julia C Chen-Sankey, Kathryn La Capria, Allison Glasser, Alisa A Padon, Meghan B Moran, Kimberly G Wagoner, Kristina M Jackson, Carla J Berg
Importance. Vaping has become an increasingly common method for consuming nicotine and cannabis, a trend potentially influenced by e-cigarette marketing. However, little is known about the influence of e-cigarette marketing on cannabis vaping behaviors. Objective. To examine the associations between e-cigarette marketing exposure and nicotine and cannabis vaping behaviors among adults. Design, Setting
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Acupuncture for fatigue in parkinson’s disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-04 jingxin zhang, Yibo Li, Xiaohan Liu, Tengteng Li, Bingbing Zhang, Xiting Wang, Tao Lu
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common movement disorder characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremors. Fatigue is a common disabling symptom but is easily ignored in PD. Half of the PD patients were influenced by fatigue. Acupuncture is one of the conservative treatments for fatigue related to other conditions, especially in China. Therefore, we perform a systematic review
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Trends and Adverse Outcomes of Xylazine Misuse: A Digital Surveillance Study medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Wafa A Aldhaleei, Seongjin Kim
Background: Xylazine is an animal tranquilizer without approved medical use in humans that is increasingly being misused as an adulterant in illicit drugs. This study aimed to characterize national trends and adverse outcomes associated with the emerging misuse of xylazine using digital surveillance data. Methods: We examined online search trends and social media discussions related to xylazine misuse
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Gene expression differences associated with alcohol use disorder in human brain medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Caryn Willis, Julie D White, Melyssa S Minto, Bryan C Quach, Shizhong Han, Ran Tao, Joo Heon Shin, Amy Deep-Soboslay, Thomas Hyde, R Dayne Mayfield, Bradley Todd Webb, Eric Otto Johnson, Joel E Kleinman, Laura J Bierut, Dana B Hancock
Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Neurobiological mechanisms associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) remain poorly understood. To further understand differential gene expression (DGE) associated with AUD, we compared deceased individuals with and without AUD across two human brain regions, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
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Cannabis-Microbiome Interactions in Varied Clinical Contexts: A Comprehensive Systematic Review medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-21 May Soe Thu, Thunnicha Ondee, Szaye Rawicha Hall, Tanawin Nopsopon, Ananya Jagota, Nattiya Hirankarn, Joanne L. Fothergill, Barry J. Campbell, Krit Pongpirul
Background With cannabis legalization spreading to more countries for both medicinal and recreational use, grasping its effects on the human body is vital. The endocannabinoid system, governed by natural and external cannabinoid compounds, significantly impacts host metabolism. Working alongside the host’s immunomodulation, it shapes the gut microbiota, yielding benefits for the GI and immune systems
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Alcohol Use Disorder-Associated DNA Methylation in the Nucleus Accumbens and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Julie D. White, Melyssa S. Minto, Caryn Willis, Bryan C. Quach, Shizhong Han, Ran Tao, Amy Deep-Soboslay, Lea Zillich, Shaunna L. Clark, Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord, Thomas M. Hyde, R. Dayne Mayfield, Bradley T. Webb, Eric O. Johnson, Joel E. Kleinman, Laura J. Bierut, Dana B. Hancock
Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a profound public health impact. However, understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of AUD remain limited. Here, we interrogate AUD-associated DNA methylation (DNAm) changes within and across addiction-relevant brain regions: the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).
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Prevalence of Substance Use and related Behaviors among Tertiary Students: A Cross-sectional Survey in Yaoundé, Cameroon medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Michel Franck Edzamba, Fabrice Zobel Lekeumo Cheuyem, Adidja Amani, Tatiana Mossus
Background The use of psychoactive substances is a major global public health problem. People aged 15-24 years are more likely to abuse psychoactive substances than the general population. Substances use among youth, especially students in higher education is increasing rapidly worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of substances use among university students and to describe their behavioral
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Identifying novel gene dysregulation associated with opioid overdose death: A meta-analysis of differential gene expression in human prefrontal cortex medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Javan K. Carter, Bryan C. Quach, Caryn Willis, Melyssa S. Minto, PGC-SUD Epigenetics Working Group, Dana B. Hancock, Janitza Montalvo-Ortiz, Olivia Corradin, Ryan W. Logan, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Brion S. Maher, Eric Otto Johnson
Only recently have human postmortem brain studies of differential gene expression (DGE) associated with opioid overdose death (OOD) been published; sample sizes from these studies have been modest (N = 40-153). To increase statistical power to identify OOD-associated genes, we leveraged human prefrontal cortex RNAseq data from four independent OOD studies and conducted a transcriptome-wide DGE meta-analysis
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Availability and prescribing of extended release buprenorphine injection for Medicaid beneficiaries, 2018-2022 medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-07 Rachael K. Ross, Kara E. Rudolph, Chelsea Shover
Background and aims Extended release buprenorphine injection (INJ-BUP) has been available in the United States since 2018. INJ-BUP has the potential to positively impact OUD treatment outcomes by providing additional treatment options and patient choice. We aimed to describe the availability and prescribing of INJ-BUP for Medicaid beneficiaries since its availability, nationwide and by state.
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Multi-omic network analysis identifies dysregulated neurobiological pathways in opioid addiction medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Kyle A. Sullivan, David Kainer, Matthew Lane, Mikaela Cashman, J. Izaak Miller, Michael R. Garvin, Alice Townsend, Bryan C. Quach, Caryn Willis, Peter Kruse, Nathan C. Gaddis, Ravi Mathur, Olivia Corradin, Brion S. Maher, Peter C. Scacheri, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Abraham A. Palmer, Vanessa Troiani, Elissa J. Chesler, Rachel L. Kember, Henry R. Kranzler, Amy C. Justice, Ke Xu, Bradley E. Aouizerat, VA
Opioid addiction constitutes a public health crisis in the United States and opioids cause the most drug overdose deaths in Americans. Yet, opioid addiction treatments have limited efficacy. To help address this problem, we used network-based machine learning techniques to integrate results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of opioid use disorder and problematic prescription opioid misuse
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Extracellular Matrix Abnormalities in the Hippocampus of Subjects with Substance Use Disorder medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Jake Valeri, Charlotte Stiplosek, Sinead M. O’Donovan, David Sinclair, Kathleen Grant, Ratna Bollavarapu, Donna M. Platt, Craig A. Stockmeier, Barbara Gisabella, Harry Pantazopoulos
Contextual triggers are significant factors contributing to relapse in substance use disorders (SUD). Emerging evidence points to a critical role of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules as mediators of reward memories. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a subset of ECM molecules that form perineuronal nets (PNN) around inhibitory neurons. PNNs restrict synaptic connections and help maintain
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Genetic Heterogeneity Across Dimensions of Alcohol Use Behaviors medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Jeanne E Savage, Peter B Barr, Tanya Phung, Younga H. Lee, Yingzhe Zhang, COGA Investigators, Tian Ge, Jordan W. Smoller, Lea K. Davis, Jacquelyn Meyers, Bernice Porjesz, Danielle Posthuma, Travis T Mallard, Sandra Sanchez-Roige
Background Increasingly large samples in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for alcohol use behaviors (AUBs) have led to an influx of implicated genes, yet the clinical and functional understanding of these associations remains low. This is, in part, because most GWASs do not account for complex and varied manifestations of AUBs. This study applied a multidimensional framework to investigate the
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Attitudes of chronic pain patients on long-term opioid therapy toward opioid tapering. medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Rami Jabakhanji, Freesia Tokunaga, Gaelle Rached, Andrew David Vigotsky, James W Griffith, Thomas Schnitzer, A Vania Apkarian
The chronic pain and opioid addiction epidemics interact with each other, potentially exacerbating each respective condition. Despite having modest efficacy, millions of chronic pain patients in the USA continue to use opioids as their primary source of pain management. The Centers for Disease Control recommends opioid tapering to diminish the risk of opioid dependence in chronic pain patients. However
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Disproportionate increase in cannabis use among individuals with serious psychological distress and association with psychiatric hospitalization and outpatient service use in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2009-2019 medRxiv. Addit. Med. Pub Date : 2023-12-17 Andrew S Hyatt, Michael William Flores, Benjamin Lê Cooke
Aims Estimate trends in levels of cannabis use among adults with and without serious psychological distress (SPD) in the United States from 2009-2019, and to ascertain whether cannabis use among individuals with SPD was associated with inpatient psychiatric hospitalization and outpatient mental health care.