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Radioactive seed localization is a safe and effective tool for breast cancer surgery: an evaluation of over 25,000 cases J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 D Miodownik, D Bierman, C Thornton, T Moo, K Feigin, A Damato, T Le, M Williamson, K Prasad, B Chu, L Dauer, N Saphier, P Zanzonico, M Morrow, M Bellamy
Radioactive seed localization (RSL) provides a precise and efficient method for removing non-palpable breast lesions. It has proven to be a valuable addition to breast surgery, improving perioperative logistics and patient satisfaction. This retrospective review examines the lessons learned from a high-volume cancer center’s RSL program after 10 years of practice and over 25 000 cases. We provide an
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Exploring the role of large language models in radiation emergency response J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Anirudh Chandra, Abinash Chakraborty
In recent times, the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has been transformed by the introduction of large language models (LLMs). These models, popularized by OpenAI’s GPT-3, have demonstrated the emergent capabilities of AI in comprehending and producing text resembling human language, which has helped them transform several industries. But its role has yet to be explored in the nuclear industry
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Absorbed dose coefficients for pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer patients undergoing radioiodine therapy J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Tae-Eun Kwon, Cari M Kitahara, Choonsik Lee
The escalating incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in pediatric patients and the resultant growing use of radioactive iodine (RAI) reinforce the need to evaluate radiation exposure to normal tissues and radiation-induced health risks in pediatric patients undergoing RAI therapy. In the current study, we calculated absorbed dose coefficients (i.e. absorbed dose per unit activity administered
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Development of the occupational exposure during the production and application of radiopharmaceuticals in Germany J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Julius Vogt, Uwe Oeh, Franz Josef Maringer
An increasing number of radiopharmaceuticals and proteins are available for diagnosing and treating various diseases. The demand for existing and newly developed pharmaceutical radionuclides and proteins is steadily increasing. The radiation exposure levels of workers in the radiopharmaceutical industry and nuclear medicine field are closely monitored, specifically their effective dose and equivalent
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Quantitative investigation of gamma radiation in accelerator produced ISO neutron fields J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 H Dombrowski, R Nolte
In standard monoenergetic ISO neutron fields, the neutron yield of neutron-producing reactions was measured in combination with the prompt photon yield, including photon energies up to 10 MeV, for the purpose of comparing the two yields. Separating the photons produced by the target (direct photons) from those generated by secondary neutron reactions was achieved using the time-of-flight method. Photon
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Factors affecting radiographers’ use of dose-reduction measures J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 May Bazzi, Shilan Shamon Afram, Irine Maghanwi Ndipen, Ingemar Kåreholt, Anna Bjällmark
This study investigates radiographers’ views on implementing dose-reduction measures, with a focus on verifying patient identity and pregnancy status, practising gonad shielding in men and using compression. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to radiographers working in general radiography and/or computed tomography. The questionnaire was based on factors from a framework for analysing risk
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National survey to update the diagnostic reference levels in interventional radiology procedures in Italy: working methodology J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 L D’Ercole, A Rosi, G Bernardi, G Compagnone, A Orlacchio, R Padovani, A Palma, S Grande
Interventional Radiology (IR) deals with the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases through medically guided imaging. It provides unquestionable benefits to patients, but requires, in many cases, the use of high doses of ionizing radiation with a high impact on radiation risks to patients and to overall dose to the population. The International Commission on Radiological Protection introduced
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Artificial intelligence model GPT4 narrowly fails simulated radiological protection exam J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 G Roemer, A Li, U Mahmood, L Dauer, M Bellamy
This study assesses the efficacy of Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPT) published by OpenAI in the specialised domains of radiological protection and health physics. Utilising a set of 1064 surrogate questions designed to mimic a health physics certification exam, we evaluated the models’ ability to accurately respond to questions across five knowledge domains. Our results indicated that neither
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Air kerma reference field with high energy photons using a 15 MeV electron beam from a clinical linear accelerator J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Junya Ishii, Morihito Shimizu, Masahiro Kato, Tadahiro Kurosawa, Hiroshi Watabe
In the medical and nuclear fields, there are environments where exposure to photons with energies above several MeV can result in problems. The National Metrology Institute of Japan has developed a high-energy photon field using a 15 MeV electron beam of a clinical linear accelerator with a copper target and an aluminium filter unit to facilitate dosimeter calibration in terms of air kerma. To determine
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Clinical image quality assessment and mean glandular dose for full field digital mammography J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Joyce Nassar, Chadia Rizk, Georges Fares, Carla Tohme, Chady Braidy, Jad Farah
This study aims to assess the image quality (IQ) of 12 mammographic units and to identify units with potential optimisation needs. Data for 350 mammography examinations meeting inclusion criteria were collected retrospectively from April 2021 to April 2022. They were categorised based on the medical reports into 10 normal cases, 10 cases displaying calcifications and 10 cases presenting lesions. Two
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Increasing the public awareness of justification J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 C J Kotre
One of the requirements of the UK Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2017 is that all medical exposures must be justified before the exposure can proceed. One of the main elements of justification is a determination that the medical benefits from the exposure will exceed the associated radiation detriment. The field of medical exposure to ionising radiation is in the rare position of
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Radiation exposure in augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy procedures: a comprehensive analysis for patients and physicians J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Meng-En Lian, Wong Guang Yee, Kai-Lun Yu, Guan-Yi Wu, Shun-Mao Yang, Hui-Yu Tsai
Cancer is a major health challenge and causes millions of deaths worldwide each year, and the incidence of lung cancer has increased. Augmented fluoroscopic bronchoscopy (AFB) procedures, which combine bronchoscopy and fluoroscopy, are crucial for diagnosing and treating lung cancer. However, fluoroscopy exposes patients and physicians to radiation, and therefore, the procedure requires careful monitoring
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M-FISH evaluation of chromosome aberrations to examine for historical exposure to ionising radiation due to participation at British nuclear test sites J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Kirsty Josephine Lawrence, Martin Scholze, Jose Seixo, Frances Daley, Emily Al-Haddad, Kai Craenen, Clare Gillham, Christine Rake, Julian Peto, Rhona Anderson
Veterans of the British nuclear testing programme represent a population of ex-military personnel who had the potential to be exposed to ionising radiation through their participation at nuclear testing sites in the 1950s and 1960s. In the intervening years, members of this population have raised concerns about the status of their health and that of their descendants, as a consequence. Radiation dose
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Insights and viewpoints from a small-scale survey on current nuclear disaster preparedness measures in Japan after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Hidenori Marui, Toyoaki Sawano, Chika Yamamoto, Tianchen Zhao, Saori Nonaka, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Akihiko Ozaki, Masaharu Tsubokura
In nuclear disaster prevention, it is essential not only to make daily efforts to prevent accidents from occurring but also to properly apply lessons learnt from actual disasters. Although significant changes have been made to nuclear disaster preparedness in Japan since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, there is insufficient information on whether these changes have been evaluated
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Resilience after a nuclear accident: readiness in using mobile phone applications to measure radiation and health indicators in various groups (SHAMISEN SINGS project) J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Liudmila Liutsko, Deborah Oughton, Yevgeniya Tomkiv, Paola Fattibene, Sara Della Monaca, Cristina Nuccetelli, Aya Goto, Takashi Ohba, Yuliya Lyamzina, Koichi Tanigawa, Natallia Novikava, Vadim Chumak, Philippe Pirard, Sylvie Charron, Dominique Laurier, Pascal Croüail, Thierry Schneider, Joan Francesc Barquinero, Adelaida Sarukhan, Elisabeth Cardis
An anonymous web-based survey was developed to check different aspects (SHAMISEN SINGS project): stakeholder awareness and perceptions of available mobile applications (apps) for measuring ionising radiation doses and health/well-being indicators; whether they would be ready to use them in the post-accidental recovery; and what are their preferred methodologies to acquire information etc. The results
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Comparing benefit and detriment from medical diagnostic radiation exposure using disability-adjusted life years: towards quantitative justification J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 C J Kotre
Justification of medical radiation exposure is one of the main elements of radiation protection for patients. For a medical exposure to proceed, the benefit from the procedure must have been determined to be greater than the detriment. It is rare, however, that justification can be stated quantitatively as a ratio of benefit to detriment, or as a net benefit, and this is particularly true for medical
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Fundamental study on diagnostic reference level quantities for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using a C-arm fluoroscopy system J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Hiroki Ishii, Koichi Chida, Yohei Inaba, Keisuke Abe, Shu Onodera, Masayuki Zuguchi
The diagnostic reference level (DRL) is an effective tool for optimising protection in medical exposures to patients. However regarding air kerma at the patient entrance reference point (K a,r), one of the DRL quantities for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), manufacturers use a variety of the International Electrotechnical Commission and their own specific definitions of the reference
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Eye lens dose in spine surgeons during myelography procedures: a dosimetry study J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Keisuke Nagamoto, Tomonori Kawachino, Yoshiki Suetsugu, Hiromi Saruwatari, Shun-ichi Nihei, Naoki Kunugita
To determine the eye lens dose (3 mm dose equivalent [Hp(3)]) received by spine surgeons during myelography and evaluate the effectiveness of radiation-protective glasses and x-ray tube system positioning in reducing radiation exposure. This study included spine surgeons who performed myelography using over- or under-table x-ray tube systems. Hp(3) was measured for each examination using a radio-photoluminescence
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Radiological protection in human research ethics using a case study: toward update of the ICRP Publication 62 J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Chieko Kurihara, Kimberly E Applegate, Jee Hyang Jeong, Keiichi Akahane, Keon Wook Kang
The benefits of biomedical research involving humans are well recognised, along with the need for conformity to international standards of science and ethics. When human research involves radiation imaging procedures or radiotherapy, an extra level of expert review should be provided from the point of view of radiological protection. The relevant publication of the International Commission for Radiological
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131I dose coefficients for a reference population using age-specific models J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Pradeep Kumar Singh, Hemant Kumar Patni, Rahul Roy, Deepak Kumar Akar, Pramilla D Sawant
Age-specific dose coefficients are required to assess internal exposure to the general public. This study utilizes reference age-specific biokinetic models of iodine to estimate the total number of nuclear disintegrations ã(r S,τ) occurring in source regions (r S) during the commitment time (τ). Age-specific S values are estimated for 35 target regions due to 131I present in 22 r S using data from
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Effective methods for monitoring internal contamination among workers handling radioactive materials in various fields J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Seokwon Yoon, Jae Seok Kim, Jaeroyng Yoo, Minsu Cho
This study aimed to develop effective methods for monitoring internal contamination among workers handling radioactive materials in various fields. A total of 160 workers from nuclear power plants, medical institutions, military units, and educational/research institutions were included in the study. The monitoring methods included urinalysis and whole-body counting (WBC) using a mobile radio bioassay
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Mathematical solutions in internal dose assessment: A comparison of Python-based differential equation solvers in biokinetic modeling J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Emmanuel Matey Mate-Kole, Dmitri Margot, Shaheen Azim Dewji
In biokinetic modeling systems employed for radiation protection, biological retention and excretion have been modeled as a series of discretized compartments representing the organs and tissues of the human body. Fractional retention and excretion in these organ and tissue systems have been mathematically governed by a series of coupled first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The coupled
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Further development and application of a method for assessing radionuclide surface activity distribution and source location based on measurements of ambient dose equivalent rate J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 K Chizhov, Yu Bragin, M K Sneve, N Shandala, K Siegien, G M Smith, A Ksenofontov, A Kryanev, I Tesnov, B Koukhta, Yu Shimansky, G Goncharenko, V Drozdovitch, V Kryuchkov
A method has been developed for solving the Fredholm equation in the barrier geometry for reconstructing the surface activity density (SAD) from the results of measuring the ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER). Inclusion of the barrier geometry means that the method takes into account the shielding effect of buildings and structures on the contaminated site. The method was based on the representation
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Further development and application of a method for assessing radionuclide surface activity distribution and source location based on measurements of ambient dose equivalent rate. Examples for Andreeva Bay, Chernobyl NPP and Istiklol J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 K Chizhov, Yu Bragin, M K Sneve, N Shandala, V Seregin, K Siegien, G M Smith, A Ksenofontov, A Kryanev, I Tesnov, Yu Shimansky, G Goncharenko, V Drozdovitch, V Kryuchkov
A method for reconstructing surface activity density (SAD) maps based on the solution of the Fredholm equation has been developed and applied. The construction of SAD maps was carried out for the site of the temporary storage (STS) of spent fuel and radioactive waste (RW) in Andreeva Bay using the results of measuring campaign in 2001–2002 and for the sheltering construction of the solid RW using the
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Evaluation of the contamination droplet model used for the assessment of skin dose during the manipulation of radiopharmaceuticals J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Sarah Wicks, Neil Heraghty
The manipulation of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine can result in the droplet contamination of operators resulting in the accumulation of a significant skin dose. Current methods to estimate this skin dose often utilise a 50 μl cylindrical droplet model, which can lead to unrealistically high estimated skin doses for some radiopharmaceuticals. By conducting experiments to measure the volume
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Challenges in development and management of orphan drugs—a case study of Prussian blue insoluble J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Nidhi Sandal
Prussian blue insoluble (PB) is an antidote for decorporation of radioactive and non-radioactive isotopes of thallium and cesium. Its dosage in the form of capsules, Radiogardase-Cs, is a United States Food and Drug Administration approved formulation since 2003. In India and many other countries, this drug is not available and in case of requirement it is imported from US or Europe. The author has
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Assessment of the effectiveness of Saba shielding with the composition of Cu–Bi in neck CT imaging: a phantom and patient study J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Mohammad Keshtkar, Mohammad Amin Mosleh-Shirazi, Valiallah Saba
The use of computed tomography (CT) is a very well-established medical diagnostic imaging modality, however, the high radiation dose due to this imaging method is a major concern. Therefore, dose reduction methods are necessary, especially for superficial radiosensitive organs like the thyroid. The aim of this study is to construct and assess a CT shield with composition of 90% Cu and 10% Bi (Saba
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ICRP workshop on the review and revision of the system of radiological protection: a focus on research priorities—feedback from the international community J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Werner Rühm, Hyungjoon Yu, Christopher Clement, Elizabeth A Ainsbury, Sylvain Andresz, Peter Bryant, Claire-Louise Chapple, Pascal Croüail, John Damilakis, Marcela G Ermacora, Tapani Eurajoki, Florian Gering, Susan Molyneux-Hodgson, Oliver Hupe, Nathalie Impens, Michael Lassmann, João O Martins, Lorenzo Nicola Mazzoni, Christopher Mogg, Julie Morgan, Tanja Perko, Miroslav Pinak, Joana Santos, Nicolas
In September 2022, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) organised a workshop in Estoril, Portugal, on the ‘Review and Revision of the System of Radiological Protection: A Focus on Research Priorities’. The workshop, which was a side event of the European Radiation Protection Week, offered an opportunity to comment on a recent paper published by ICRP on areas of research to
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The LNT risk model and radiological protection. J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Richard Wakeford,Mikhail Balonov,John D Boice,John D Harrison,Ohtsura Niwa,R Julian Preston,Roy E Shore
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An age- and sex-specific biokinetic model for radon * * This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Caleigh Samuels, James Marsh, Rich Leggett
Abstract Publication 137 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) describes a biokinetic model for radon used to derive dose coefficients for occupational intake of radon isotopes. The model depicts transfer of inhaled or ingested radon to blood, exchange of radon between blood and tissues, and gradual loss of radon from the body based on physical laws governing transfer of
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Towards the establishment of national diagnostic reference levels for chest x-ray examinations in Sri Lanka: a multi-centric study J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Sachith Welarathna, Sivakumar Velautham, Sivananthan Sarasanandarajah
The establishment of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) is an effective tool for optimising radiation doses delivered to patients during medical imaging procedures. This study aimed to compare the institutional DRLs (IDRLs) and propose a multi-centric diagnostic reference level (MCDRL) for chest x-ray examinations in adult patients in Sri Lanka. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with
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Implementation and evaluation of the AAPM TG 111 for radiation dosimetry in a state-of-the-art C-arm cone beam CT system J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Antonios E Papadakis, John Damilakis
The aim of this study was to assess the dosimetric characteristics of a state-of-the-art C-arm cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) system using the methodology proposed by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group (TG) 111. The dose measurement methodology described in AAPM TG 111 for wide cone beam acquisitions without table translation was employed to estimate equilibrium
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Applicability of ‘Toolkit for Safety Assessment’ tool to interventional radiology using probabilistic risk assessment techniques J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 A L Raso, R Lopes, F Leyton, E Neves, E J Ribeiro, V Vasconcelos, M S Nogueira
Interventional radiology brings extensive benefits to patients. Nevertheless, certain procedures may result in high doses of radiation, leading to health risks to occupationally exposed individuals (OEIs). Therefore, a more comprehensive risk analysis is essential to ensuring safety and minimising radiation exposures for all OEIs. The Toolkit for Safety Assessment (TOKSA) tool performs risk assessments
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Preliminary assessment of the radiological consequences of the hostile military occupation of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Yu Balashevska, M Chala, Z Ivanov, A Myshkovska, I Shevchenko, O Pecherytsia, Y Yesipenko, K Siegen, L Jova Sed, G Smith, M Sneve
The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russian military forces on 24 February 2022 put the radiological well-being of the people in Ukraine under unprecedented threat. Apart from the risks linked to operating nuclear power plants, there was substantial evidence of looting of facilities of all kinds, including those holding radioactive materials, as well as the scope for physical disturbance of radioactively
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Evaluation of radiation dose and image quality for dental cone-beam computed tomography in pediatric patients J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Misaki Ito, Koichi Chida, Shu Onodera, Ikuho Kojima, Masahiro Iikubo, Toshiki Kato, Masaki Fujisawa, Masayuki Zuguchi
Children are sensitive to radiation; therefore, it is necessary to reduce radiation dose as much as possible in pediatric patients. In addition, it is crucial to investigate the optimal imaging conditions as they considerably affect the radiation dose. In this study, we investigated the effect of different imaging conditions on image quality and optimized the imaging conditions for dental cone-beam
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Natural radioactivity of residues from groundwater treatment facilities in Finland J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Antti Kallio, Niina Leikoski, Miho Otaki
The accumulation of naturally occurring radionuclides in solid residues was investigated from groundwater treatment facilities (GTFs) in Finland. Natural radionuclides U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210 and Ra-228 were found in various precipitates, sludges and filters at concentrations exceeding the general clearance level of 1 kBq kg−1 used for solid materials in the European directive 2013/59/Euratom. The accumulation
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Lead aprons and thyroid collars: to be, or not to be? J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Andreas Engström, Mats Isaksson, Per-Anders Larsson, Charlotta Lundh, Magnus Båth
Wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time has a subjective component: to balance the effective dose reduction with the effort of carrying a heavy load. Occupational radiation exposure has decreased dramatically in the last century within the health care system. During the same period the use of lead aprons and thyroid collars has also gone up. Therefore, a question that may be
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Assessing lead curtains’ impact on radiation protection in coronary interventions J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Wang Zhiting, Zheng Xiang, Yu Chang, Lin Yinuo, Lin Fang, Chen Xiao
The objective of this investigation is to assess the impact of supplementary lead curtains on the reduction of radiation dose exposure to operators during coronary interventional procedures. Seven standard positions during coronary angiography (foot, right foot, head, left foot, left lateral, left head, and right lateral) were simulated on a standard anthropomorphic phantom with radial artery access
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Use of life cycle assessment (LCA) to advance optimisation of radiological protection and safety J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Bryanna D Wattier, Nicole E Martinez, Michael Carbajales-Dale, Lindsay C Shuller-Nickles
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a modelling technique used to determine the cradle-to-grave environmental and human health impacts from the production of a good or the provision of a service. Radiological protection may benefit from employing tools like LCA to obtain a broader perspective and enable comparison with analyses of non-radiological systems. Despite structural similarities to other well-established
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On the value and costs of protective actions in a nuclear emergency J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Keith Pearce
This paper reviews the current orthodoxy for the prompt application of shelter and evacuation advice in the event of a nuclear emergency in the light of the reassessment of the perceived costs and benefits of these protective actions that followed the Fukushima event. In particular, it discusses the mechanisms and criteria for the withdrawal of protective action advice or their continuation for more
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Impacts of environmental decontamination on the rebuilding of returnees’ lives after the Fukushima accident J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Momo Takada, Yujiro Kuroda, Yumiko Kanai, Tetsuo Yasutaka
Environmental decontamination after a nuclear disaster not only contributes to reducing the public’s exposure to radiation, it also introduces waste disposal issues arising from the decontamination process. In addition to that issue, the optimisation of decontamination efforts necessitates the consideration of various environmental, economic, and societal factors. Stakeholders’ perspectives are important
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New operational quantities (RBE × D p lens/Φ) for eye lens neutron dosimetry as a function of energy and angle of incidence in the ICRU 95 formalism J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Salah Djeffal, Jacques Dubeau, Jiansheng Sun, Fawaz Ali
This paper is a continuation of a study published recently by the authors. It presents and discusses computed personal absorbed dose in the lens of the eye (D p lens/Φ), and a relative biological effectiveness (RBE)-weighted absorbed dose (in terms of an newly proposed operational quantity RBE × D p lens/Φ), conversion coefficients for the lens of the eye for neutron exposure at incident energies from
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Influence of tube and patient positioning in thoracoabdominal CT examinations on radiation exposure–towards a better patient positioning J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Birte Valentin, Benedikt Kamp, Jan Henke, Alexandra Ljimani, Elisabeth Appel, Gerald Antoch, Andrea Steuwe
Although iso-centric patient positioning is enormously important in computed tomography (CT), it is complicated in thoracoabdominal imaging by the varying dimensions of the body. Patient positioning can affect the appearance of the patient on the localiser. Positioned too close to the x-ray tube, a patient appears considerably more voluminous. The goal of this study is to assess the difference in radiation
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Redistribution of radionuclides in wall material and its effects on the room dose rate J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Jens Fohlmeister, Bernd Hoffmann
Here we investigate the annual effective dose rate obtained from gamma radiation emitted from radionuclides in construction materials in a model room with fixed dimensions. The dose rate is calculated on the whole room area at half the room height. We focus our analyses on a comparison of the annual effective dose rate between the room centre and the room average at half the room height and provide
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Design and development of a detector system and software tool installed on a mobile laboratory to provide both radiological characterisation of large areas and a simple tool for localising radioactive sources J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 P Rodríguez-Oliver, J A Corbacho, J M Caballero
In emergency situations where an immediate response is required to make appropriate decisions by the competent authorities, it is essential to have measurement tools that provide results as accurate as possible in real-time. This paper presents the description of the upgrade of the mobile laboratory of the Radiological Alert Network of Extremadura, focusing on the characterisation of radioactive-contaminated
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Progress with the regulation of radiation safety during recovery and removal of spent nuclear fuel from the site for temporary storage at Andreeva Bay on the Kola Peninsula J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 A Simakov, M K Sneve, Y Abramov, A Grigoryev, G Goncharenko, K Siegien, N Proskuryakova, M Semenova, G M Smith
In the 1960s, a shore technical base (STB) was established at Andreeva Bay on the Kola Peninsula, in northwest Russia. The STB maintained nuclear submarines and the nuclear icebreaker fleet, receiving and storing fresh and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) as well as solid and liquid radioactive waste (RW). It was subsequently re-designated as a site for temporary storage (STS) for SNF and RW. Over time, the
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Evaluation of average glandular dose (AGD) in screening and diagnostic digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) towards establishing a reference dose range band (DRB): a developing country experience J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Jeyasingam Jeyasugiththan, B G U Maheshika Bandara, S H DM Wickramarathna, Hashini Thenuwara, Duminda Satharasinghe, A S Pallewatte, Pandula Hettiarachchi
This study represents the first national survey conducted in Sri Lanka to establish national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for screening and diagnostic acquisitions in digital mammography (2D-DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Additionally, the study investigated the relationship between average glandular dose (AGD) and compressed breast thickness (CBT) and introduced a novel concept
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Visual impression and texture analysis of advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE): improved assessment of image quality in CT for better estimation of dose reduction potential J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Babak Alikhani, Hans-Jürgen Raatschen, Frank Wacker, Thomas Werncke
To evaluate the image quality (IQ) of advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE; Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) applying image texture and image visual impression as a supplement to physical parameters such as noise level and spatial resolution. An ACR-phantom with four modules was examined at different radiation dose levels. To characterise the image texture, two Haralick texture
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Radiological study of a wastewater treatment plant associated with radioiodine therapy at a hospital in West Java, Indonesia J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Tita Dewi Puspita, Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik, Mochamad Adhiraga Pratama
Nuclear medicine (NM) services in Indonesia have rapidly developed due to the increasing number of patients, and this growth has been supported by standardized regulations in the field, including the management of solid waste generated. However, multiple reports indicate that licensing control does not regulate liquid waste disposal from patient excretions to protect personnel and the community from
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Impact of shield location on staff and caregiver dose rates for I-131 radiopharmaceutical therapy patients J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 M Bellamy, B Chu, B Serencsits, B Quinn, K Prasad, J Altamirano, M Williamson, D Miodownik, N Abrahams, F Chen, D Bierman, M Wutkowski, L Carter, L Dauer
The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of the location and width of a single lead shield on the dose rate of staff and caregivers in a hospital room with an I-131 patient. The best orientation of the patient and caregiver relative to the shield was determined based on minimizing staff and caregiver radiation dose rates. Shielded and unshielded dose rates were simulated using a Monte Carlo
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The establishment of national diagnostic reference levels for adult SPECT-CT in Saudi Arabia J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Saeed Mueed Al-Qahtani, Moaaz Aqeel Alidasroos, Essam M Alkhybari, Marwan Ahmed Althomali, Ali Hamed Alomari, Omemh Abdullah Bawazeer, Hassan B Hawsawi, Ali Ibrahim Aamry, Jaber Abdulwahab Asiri, Azzam Abdulaziz Aloufi, Amr Dakhilallah Aljehani, Maram Bandar Al-Osaimi, Areej Khalid Alosaimi, Anwar Khalaf Alsulami, Ahmed Yahya Sabi, Talal Mosa Kamli, Abdelmoneim Adam Sulieman, Abdul-Wali Ajlouni
This study aims to introduce national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for adult hybrid single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) in nuclear medicine (NM) departments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The administered activity (AA) of radiopharmaceuticals, volume-weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) for ten hybrid SPECT/CT examinations were collected
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A machine learning approach for correcting glow curve anomalies in CaSO4:Dy-based TLD dosimeters used in personnel monitoring J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Munir S Pathan, S M Pradhan, T Palani Selvam, B K Sapra
The study presents a novel approach to analysing the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves (GCs) of CaSO4:Dy-based personnel monitoring dosimeters using machine learning (ML). This study demonstrates the qualitative and quantitative impact of different types of anomalies on the TL signal and trains ML algorithms to estimate correction factors (CFs) to account for these anomalies. The results show a good
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Health risks from radioactive particles on Cumbrian beaches near the Sellafield nuclear site J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 John D Harrison, Wayne B Oatway, Iain K Brown, John W Hopewell
A monitoring programme, in place since 2006, continues to recover radioactive particles (<2 mm diameter) and larger objects from the beaches of West Cumbria. The potential risks to members of the public using the beaches are mainly related to prolonged skin contact with or the inadvertent ingestion of small particles. Most particles are classified as either ‘beta-rich’ or ‘alpha-rich’ and are detected
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Review of assessment of prospective cancer risks from occupational exposure to ionising radiation (IAEA-TECDOC-1985). J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-12 Richard W Harbron
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Scientific consensus views are useful, but dangerous, without a code of ethics J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-12 Michio Murakami, Mao Yagihashi, Ryuichi Minoda Sada
Using the Fukushima accident experience, this letter discusses recent efforts on measuring scientific consensus views—that is, quantifying the agreement among scientists. In the field of radiological protection, the efforts to measure scientific consensus views deserve attention, because hoaxes have been spreading even after the Fukushima nuclear accident. We discussed two points. First, the visualization
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Reassessing lead protective garment assessment using ICRP 103 tissue weighting factors J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Joan M Brewer, Kevin Hammerstrom, Thorarin A Bjarnason
Lead protective garments worn by medical staff in the presence of x-rays develop defects over time. This work proposes a novel method of assessing the protective efficacy of the garments as defects develop. The proposed method applies updated radiobiology data from ICRP 103. This work applied the as low as reasonably achievable principle to devise a formula through which a maximum allowed defect area
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Machine learning to predict environmental dose rates from a radionuclide therapy service — a proof of concept study J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 Richard Meades, Joanne Page, James C Ross, Daniel McCool
The Ionising Radiation Regulations 2017 requires prior risk assessment calculations and regular environmental monitoring of radiation doses. However, the accuracy of prior risk assessments is limited by assumptions and monitoring only provides retrospective evaluation. This is particularly challenging in nuclear medicine for areas surrounding radionuclide therapy patient bathroom wastewater pipework
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The scientific basis for the use of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model at low doses and dose rates in radiological protection J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Dominique Laurier, Yann Billarand, Dmitry Klokov, Klervi Leuraud
The linear no-threshold (LNT) model was introduced into the radiological protection system about 60 years ago, but this model and its use in radiation protection are still debated today. This article presents an overview of results on effects of exposure to low linear-energy-transfer radiation in radiobiology and epidemiology accumulated over the last decade and discusses their impact on the use of
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Losing the balance in risk-benefit analysis J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 Madan M Rehani
The idea of a benefit-risk analysis has been used for decades, but no one has probably bothered to see if there is a ratio or even questioned the concept because it does give an intuitive sense. There are situations where the tendency to lose the balance between the risk and benefit has been observed to move either towards benefit alone or risk alone. This may happen in medicine for benefit alone and
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Shielding design aspects of SR in 3 GeV ILSF J. Radiol. Prot. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Ehsan Salimi, Hamideh Beigzadeh Jalali, Fatemeh Esfandi
Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF) is an under-construction synchrotron radiation accelerator consisting of a 150 MeV linac, a booster synchrotron operating from 150 MeV to 3 GeV, and a 3 GeV storage ring that stores a maximum of 400 mA current of electrons. As the stored beam circulates, a fraction of the beam is lost due to interactions with gas molecules, interactions among beam particles, and