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Challenging how Danger is Understood: A Research Practitioners’ Note on Migration in Africa Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Lucy Hovil,Mark Gill
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Reflections on the Evolution of Conflict Early Warning Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Robert Muggah,Mark Whitlock
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‘They Were Going to the Beach, Acting like Tourists, Drinking, Chasing Girls’: A Mixed-Methods Study on Community Perceptions of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by UN Peacekeepers in Haiti Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-05-21 Carla King, Sabine Lee, Susan A. Bartels
The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) has been marred by reports of sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) perpetrated against local women/girls. However, there is very limited empirical evidence on the community’s perceptions regarding these sexual interactions. Through a mixed-methods approach, this article examines community experiences and perceptions of SEA, with three prominent
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A Comparative Analysis of One-Sided Violence and Civil War Peace Agreement Implementation Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Madhav Joshi
Does one-sided violence create a negative cascading effect on the success of peace agreement implementation? If violence influences peace accord implementation negatively, how can such violence be contained to safeguard the implementation process? While post-conflict one-sided violence can be viewed as residual, the use of such violence can significantly influence peacebuilding outcomes. Implementing
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‘Is Help Coming?’ Communal Self-Protection during Genocide Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Deborah Mayersen
Despite the rhetoric of the Responsibility to Protect principle (R2P), vulnerable groups continue to experience genocide. Some, such as the Yazidis in Iraq, have tried to mitigate genocide through communal self-protection. The dominance of R2P in contemporary normative discussions about responding to genocide, however, means that there has been a lack of research into the lived realities of such experiences
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Defining State Authority: UN Peace Operations Efforts to Extend State Authority in Mali and the Central African Republic Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Shannon Zimmerman
In a state-based international order, the state is understood as the best actor to protect its population. With this in mind, UN peace operations often have mandates to extend state authority. However, by their very nature, peace operations deploy to states whose authority and legitimacy are contested. Without a clear definition of what that authority entails, peace operations and host states must
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UN Stabilisation Operations and the Problem of Non-Linear Change: A Relational Approach to Intervening in Governance Ecosystems Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Adam C. Day, Charles T. Hunt
In recent years, the United Nations (UN) has increasingly turned towards stabilisation logics in its peace operations, focusing on the extension of state authority in fragile, conflict-prone areas. However, this concept of stabilisation relies upon a series of binaries — formal/informal actors, licit/illicit activities, governed/ungoverned space — which often distort the far more complex power relations
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From Exile to Homeland Return: Ethnographic Mapping to Inform Peacebuilding from Afar Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Nicolas Parent
When violent conflict flares up, forced migration often follows. Ethnographic data shows that forced migrants remain attached to their places of origin and often express a desire to return once conflict has abated, be it after weeks, months, or years. Conversely, peacebuilders in the homeland have not effectively integrated displaced persons within their strategic programming. This is cause for concern
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Assessing Gang Risks in Post-War Environments: The Case of Colombia Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Katie Kerr
Countries emerging from armed conflict often experience heightened violence and youth gang activity. Following the signing of peace accords with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia — People’s Army (FARC-EP), what are Colombia’s risks in terms of youth gangs? To assess these risks, this article draws from gang research and literature on post-war violence to identify six factors that recur in
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‘The Swarm Principle’: A Sub-National Spatial Analysis of Aid Targeting and Donor Coordination in Sub-Saharan Africa Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Josiah F. Marineau, Michael G. Findley
Do bilateral and multilateral foreign aid donors target poverty? To answer that question, we present a framework for assessing the quality of aid targeting sub-nationally. If donors cluster aid in areas with concentrated poverty, or spread out aid in areas of diffuse poverty, then we conclude that donors are targeting aid well. Furthermore, because co-financing may be a mechanism that improves coordination
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Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration: Analysing the Outcomes of Nigeria’s Post-Amnesty Programme Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Tarila Marclint Ebiede, Arnim Langer, Jale Tosun
Disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration (DDR) programmes are an essential part of most contemporary post-conflict peacebuilding processes, but they are seldom the subject of academic analysis. In this study, we seek to reduce this gap by examining the Post-Amnesty Programme (PAP) introduced in Nigeria in 2009. Our analysis shows that the programme contributed to the reduction of small arms and
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Gender and New Wars Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Christine Chinkin, Mary Kaldor, Punam Yadav
War plays an important role in the construction of gender, or the social roles of men and women. This article analyzes the gendered experience of what Kaldor calls "new wars." It shows that new wars are largely fought by men in the name of a political identity that usually has a significant gender dimension. They use tactics that involve deliberate attacks on civilians, including systematic rape as
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‘With or Without You’: The Governance of (Local) Security and the Koglweogo Movement in Burkina Faso Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Sidney Leclercq, Geoffroy Matagne
In late 2014 and after more than two decades of a ‘semi-authoritarian’ regime, a popular insurrection in Burkina Faso led to the fall of Blaise Compaore, president and leader of the ruling party. Due to — or parallel to — the political transition, factors of insecurity developed or were amplified, leading to a reconfiguration of the provision of security at two levels. At the central state level began
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New Wars, New Victimhood, and New Ways of Overcoming It Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Shazana Andrabi
Contemporary conflicts, asymmetric conflicts, or New Wars as they are now called differ in nature and context from earlier, traditional, or Old Wars. As a result, the effects of these New Wars on women have also altered in various ways. However, when we say that women are suffering in conflicts nowadays, it does not negate their suffering in earlier or traditional wars. The assertion here is that because
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Eliminating Hidden Killers: How Can Technology Help Humanitarian Demining? Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 A. Walter Dorn
Despite twenty-first-century technological advances by Western militaries for demining and the removal of improvised explosive devices, humanitarian demining relies mostly on mid-twentieth-century technology. While international legal efforts to curb the global use of landmines have been quite successful, constraints on humanitarian demining technology mean that unfortunate and preventable deaths of
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Second-Generation SSR or Unending Violence in Haiti? Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Stephen Baranyi
In the literature on security sector reform (SSR), there is a debate between mainstream analysts of post-9/11 approaches, who argue that second-generation SSR (2GSSR) is emerging in some contexts, and post-colonial critics, who argue that despite discursive changes, Western-driven, securitized practices still dominate. This article bridges those views, building on Larzilliere’s (2016) idea that the
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Security as an Emergent Property of a Complex Adaptive System Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Manu Lekunze
Security in Africa continues to be problematic to both scholars and practitioners. Its study often takes an itemised approach where actors are studied in detail and security outcomes are linked to the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of actors. Perceived and actual security threats are correlated to conflict or presented as causal factors of conflict. In other words, security provision is explained
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Predictive Peacekeeping: Strengthening Predictive Analysis in UN Peace Operations Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Allard Duursma, John Karlsrud
The UN is becoming increasingly data-driven. Until recently, data-driven initiatives have mainly been led by individual UN field missions, but with Antonio Guterres, the new Secretary-General, a more centralized approach is being embarked on. With a trend towards the use of data to support the work of UN staff, the UN is likely to soon rely on systematic data analysis to draw patterns from the information that
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Conflict and Migration: From Consensual Movement to Exploitation Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Sasha Jesperson
Globally, the response to human trafficking has moved up the political agenda. The prime minister of the United Kingdom has referred to it as “the greatest human rights issue of our time”, which demands a response outside the constraints of politics. This is particularly the case in relation to conflict, where an additional urgency arises from people being forced into sexual slavery or combat. However
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The Logics of Public Authority: Understanding Power, Politics and Security in Afghanistan, 2002–2014 Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Mary Kaldor, Marika Theros
This paper applies the three logics of public authority – the political marketplace, moral populism and civicness – to the case of Afghanistan in 2001–2013. It shows how the logic of the political marketplace offers an apt interpretation of the Karzai regime, while the logic of moral populism is more relevant as a way of categorizing the Taliban. Based on a civil society dialogue project, the paper
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War Economy, Governance and Security in Syria’s Opposition-Controlled Areas Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Vesna Bojicic-Dzelilovic, Rim Turkmani
This paper explores links between the war economy and civilian security by using evidence from the three opposition-held areas in Syria. The study of Eastern Ghouta, Daraa and Atareb shows how different type of behavior by non-state armed groups engaged in criminal war economy, shaped by the broader war economy conditions, impacts on the ability of the local populations to address their security predicaments
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Hybrid Warriors and the Formation of New War Masculinities: A Case Study of Indonesian Foreign Fighters Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 David Duriesmith
At the heart of new wars are economic structures, patterns of violence and formations of collective meaning, which appear to blend localised and globalised practices of gender. While new wars appear to mirror the kind of warrior masculinity that preceded the modern state, they also draw on new technologies and symbolism to give meaning to acts of war. In the case of foreign fighters, armed groups increasingly
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Los Zetas Inc: Criminal Corporations, Energy and Civil War in Mexico Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 William H. Godnick
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and are not an official policy nor position of the National Defense University, the Department of Defense nor the U.S. Government. This article reviews Los Zetas Inc: Criminal Corporations, Energy and Civil War in Mexico by Guadalupe Cabrera-Correa. Her book attempts to address some of the inaccuracies of journalistic descriptions
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The Conundrum of DDR Coordination: The Case of South Sudan Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Guy Lamb, Theo Stainer
This article analyses the nature of coordination between the various stakeholders during the design and implementation of a disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) process. It makes detailed reference to the contemporary DDR programme in South Sudan as this African country is a relevant example of significant international and local efforts to facilitate DDR coordination in a fragile and
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Women and ‘New Wars’ in El Salvador Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Anna Applebaum, Briana Mawby
The most violent countries in the world are increasingly countries considered ‘at peace’. From Honduras to Mexico to South Africa, armed violence, often by gangs, has led to high levels of casualties. Disruption of daily life due to armed violence is similar to the challenges experienced during wartime, though often without the markers or recognition associated with war. With gang violence primarily
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Strategic Communications for Peace Operations: The African Union’s Information War Against al-Shabaab Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Paul D. Williams
Despite widespread agreement that effective strategic communications are a necessary part of complex peace operations, many missions struggle to generate relevant capabilities and implement effective campaigns. This article analyzes the experiences of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) as a case study of this problem. Specifically, it examines how the United Nations (UN) tried to fill the
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Democratically Transformed or Business as Usual: The Sierra Leone Police and Democratic Policing in Sierra Leone Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Ibrahim Bangura
Democratic policing has emerged as a key strategy in security sector reform (SSR), especially in post-conflict settings. Sierra Leone’s post-conflict reconstruction agenda occasioned a SSR programme with an emphasis on the democratisation of the then-Sierra Leone Police Force. These reforms were aimed at transforming the once oppressive and corrupt, regime-focused institution, into a people centred
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‘If you are in government, you can still implement traditional law’ Hybridity and Justice Delivery in Lanao, the Philippines Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Jeroen Adam
This article discusses the emergence of hybrid institutional arrangements in the field of security and justice delivery in the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte in the Philippines. It will be argued that these hybrid institutions cannot be explained by pointing at a weak or fragile state. Rather, over the past few decades, the Philippine state has demonstrated an exceptional capacity to
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Prospects for Accessing Justice for Sexual Violence in Liberia’s Hybrid System Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Freida M’Cormack
This paper explores the prospects of complementary rather than competitive dispute resolution and justice systems in Liberia. It specifically considers women’s access to justice in relation to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), which remains prevalent in the post-conflict period, and in the context of a highly hybridised justice system. While the formal system has made great progress in reforming
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The Need for Progress in an Era of Transformation: South African Professional Military Education and Military Effectiveness Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Abel Esterhuyse, Benjamin Mokoena
The article explores the link between defence sector reform, military effectiveness, and education. During the post-1994 transition, defence sector reform in South Africa primarily involved the ‘transformation’ of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). The transformation of the military, though, was predominantly driven by the notion of racial representation with little emphasis on embedding
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The Political Cycle of Fighting Corruption: Peru’s Experience with its First National Anti-Corruption Commission Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Joseph Pozsgai-Alvarez
Despite progress made over the past two decades, current international anti-corruption efforts continue to struggle with implementation issues in individual nations. The present study proposes an approach to anti-corruption policy implementation that considers the fight against public malfeasance in terms of its potential costs and benefits for political leadership. The existence of a political cycle
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Competition, Patronage and Fragmentation: The Limits of Bottom-Up Approaches to Security Governance in Ituri Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Kasper Hoffmann, Koen Vlassenroot, Karen Büscher
People are affected by different kinds of insecurity in the Ituri Province in the northeastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This article investigates donor-driven attempts to improve security governance there. More specifically, it investigates bottom-up approaches to security governance in Ituri’s capital of Bunia and in Irumu territory. Whereas in Bunia people are faced with
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Policing Actors, Plural Processes and Hybridisation: Histories of Everyday Policing Practice in Central Nigeria Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Jimam Lar
The focus of this paper is to account for plural and hybrid dynamics of everyday policing practice in selected areas of central Nigeria. I argue that it is the plurality of actors and the plurality of practice that constitute hybrid context of security provisioning. It then follows that the conceptualisation of policing as I have used it and argued from the historical study but also the current state
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Does Peacekeeping Reduce Violence? Assessing Comprehensive Security of Contemporary Peace Operations in Africa Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Malte Brosig, Norman Sempijja
Quantitative research evaluating the effect of peacekeeping operations usually links conflict abatement to the number of casualties in order to measure mission success. Such an approach is incomplete as security concerns extend far beyond the number of conflict related deaths. This narrow understanding of mission success leaves a significant assessment gap. Therefore this study is the first which presents
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Secret Societies and Women’s Access to Justice in Sierra Leone: Bridging the Formal and Informal Divide Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Fredline M’Cormack-Hale
In Sierra Leone, customary systems of governance have long been recognized as feasible alternatives to justice provision, particularly as formal institutions have yet to adequately address the barriers women face in accessing justice. However, the focus has often been on the chieftaincy, an institution largely dominated by men. In this paper, Women’s Secret Societies are explored under the premise
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Securing Pride: Sexuality, Security and the Post-Apartheid State Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Xavier Livermon
This paper explores the contestation that emerges between state security providers and communities in hybrid security situations. Rather than focusing on the failures of the state, the article explores how communities use contested (in)securities to create forms of security for themselves. The article argues for Soweto Pride as an example of vernacular security for black LGBT+ populations in Johannesburg
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Hybrid Security Governance Responses to Crises: The Case of the Ebola Response in Sierra Leone Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Osman Gbla
This paper examines how hybrid security structures, enabled by international support, responded to the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone. The main objective of this article is to critically discuss the manifestation of hybrid security governance in practice, to consider the constraints and analyze the sustainability of internationally supported security governance interventions in post-conflict Sierra
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A Digital Advance for Housing, Land and Property Restitution in War-Affected States: Leveraging Smart Migration Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-10-27 Jon Unruh, Emily Frank, Matthew Pritchard
The large-scale restitution of housing, land and property (HLP) for those dislocated due to armed conflict has significant repercussions for the prospect of return, recovery and durable peace. Failure to adequately engage in restitution and other remedies for displaced populations has demonstrated that the grievances generated usually do not abate, but instead grow, including over generations, to produce
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Demobilising and Disengaging Violent Extremists: Towards a New UN Framework Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-10-23 Joanne Richards
First and second generation programmes of Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR), are no longer ‘fit for purpose’ in contexts of violent extremism. Recognising this, voices from within the United Nations (UN) system have recently called for the development of a practice framework combining DDR and Countering Violent Extremism (CVE). Drawing on examples from Nigeria and Somalia, this commentary
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Islamist Violent Extremism: A New Form of Conflict or Business as Usual? Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-09-28 Andrew Glazzard, Sasha Jesperson, Thomas Maguire, Emily Winterbotham
Islamist violent extremist (IVE) groups are frequently involved in civil conflicts. Indeed, some groups owe their origins to conflict, and tens of thousands of Islamists have chosen to participate in conflicts taking place in foreign countries in the past 35 years. Increasingly, IVE groups appear to have the capacity to influence the conflicts they are involved in, and are influenced in turn by their
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Categorization of States Beyond Strong and Weak Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-09-28 Peter Tikuisis, David Carment
The discourse on poor state performers has suffered from widely varying definitions on what distinguishes certain weak states from others. Indices that rank states from strong to weak conceal important distinctions that can adversely affect intervention policy. This deficiency is addressed by grouping states according to their performance on three dimensions of statehood: authority, legitimacy, and
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The Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-09-28 Christina Steenkamp
There is a strong relationship between organised crime and civil war. This article contributes to the crime-conflict nexus literature by providing a consideration of the role of organised crime in the Syrian conflict. It provides an overview of pre- and post-war organised crime in Syria. The article then builds the argument that war provides opportunities for organised crime through the state’s diminished
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Security Provision and Political Formation in Hybrid Orders Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-08-10 Michael Lawrence
The security sector reform literature is increasingly turning towards the inclusion of non-state security providers, but the long-term patterns of political development to which such engagement might contribute remain underexplored. This article thus provides several lenses with which to understand the relationship between non-state security provision and political development. It first presents three
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Policing for Conflict Zones: What Have Local Policing Groups Taught Us? Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-08-03 Bruce Baker
The police are invariably severely reduced or even cease to be active in times of conflict. Policing as an activity, however, persists, with local groups taking up the role of maintaining order and combating crime. Such local policing is very diverse in its practices and in the nature of its links with the state. Using examples of local policing practices in four sub-Saharan conflicts, this article
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Reimagining SSR in Contexts of Security Pluralism Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-07-19 Megan Price, Michael Warren
Within the repertoire of international stabilization interventions, security sector reform (SSR) and other conventional efforts to strengthen security and governance institutions remain central. There is increasing recognition that the policies and practices operating under the rubric of SSR are blind to the empirical reality of security pluralism in most stabilization contexts. In these contexts,
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Engaging Non-State Security Providers: Whither the Rule of Law? Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-07-19 Timothy Donais
The primacy of the rule of law has long been seen as one of the essential principles of security sector reform (SSR) programming, and part of the larger gospel of SSR is that the accountability of security providers is best guaranteed by embedding security governance within a rule of law framework. Acknowledging the reality of non-state security provision, however, presents a challenge to thinking
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Is There Anybody There? Police, Communities and Communications Technology in Hargeisa Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-06-29 Alice Hills
This article addresses the connection between information and communications technology (ICT) and police-community engagement in environments characterised by high access to mobile telephones but minimal police response rates. It examines public responses to a text alert project in Somaliland’s capital Hargeisa in order to explore the everyday choices shaping low-level police-community engagement.
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Sharia as ‘Desert Business’: Understanding the Links between Criminal Networks and Jihadism in Northern Mali Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-06-13 Rikke Haugegaard
How can we understand the social and economic dynamics that enable the operative space of the militant networks in northern Mali? This article argues that jihadist militant groups are actors in local power struggles rather than ‘fighters’ or ‘terrorists’ with extremist ideological motivations. I argue that the sharp distinctions drawn by the Malian government and the international community between
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NGO Presence and Activity in Afghanistan, 2000–2014: A Provincial-Level Dataset Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-06-13 David F. Mitchell
This article introduces a new provincial-level dataset on non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Afghanistan. The data—which are freely available for download—provide information on the locations and sectors of activity of 891 international and local (Afghan) NGOs that operated in the country between 2000 and 2014. A summary and visualization of the data is presented in the article following a brief
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Finding the Roads to Justice? Examining Trajectories of Transition for Internally Displaced Women in Colombia Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-06-05 Kristin Bergtora Sandvik, Julieta Lemaitre
Colombia’s transitional justice provisions for victims and women in particular, have attained global best practice status. What will be the real impact for victims of the civil war? How can the rule of law help Colombia find the roads to justice? Based on a 2010–2014 in-depth, multi-method study of the legal mobilization strategies of displaced women’s organizations, we argue that the examination of
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Stabilisation in the Congo: Opportunities and Challenges Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-04-26 Randi Solhjell, Madel Rosland
Stabilisation is often interpreted as a matter of military interventions in so-called ‘fragile states’, and/or as technical and development solutions to what we argue are political problems. However, an often poorly understood stabilisation strategy is the revised International Security and Stabilisation Support Strategy for the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This strategy engages communities
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Out of Reach: How Insecurity Prevents Humanitarian Aid from Accessing the Neediest Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-03-03 Abby Stoddard, Shoaib Jillani, John Caccavale, Peyton Cooke, David Guillemois, Vassily Klimentov
In a small number of crisis-affected countries, humanitarian organizations work amid active conflict and under direct threat of violence. This insecurity, reflected in rising aid worker casualty rates, significantly constrains humanitarian operations and hinders the ability of people in emergencies to access vital aid. Extensive field- based research in Afghanistan, southern Somalia, South Sudan and
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Community Security and Justice under United Nations Governance: Lessons from Chiefs’ Courts in South Sudan’s Protection of Civilians Sites Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Rachel Ibreck, Naomi Pendle
This article examines the public authority of chiefs’ courts within the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) Protection of Civilians Sites (PoCs). After December 2013, UNMISS peacekeepers opened the gates of their bases to around 200,000 civilians fleeing war. This unintentionally created a legal and political anomaly. Over time, conflicts and crimes rose within the sites, and UNMISS improvised
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Beyond Gang Truces and Mano Dura Policies: Towards Substitutive Security Governance in Latin America Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2016-12-28 Moritz Schuberth
With responses to urban violence receiving increasing academic attention, the literature on anti-gang efforts in Latin America has focused mainly on coercive mano dura policies and cooperative gang truces. Yet, there remains a paucity of studies going beyond such carrots-and-sticks approaches towards gangs. To fill this gap, this study investigates the possibilities and limitations of substitutive
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Jihadi Groups and State-Building: The Case of Boko Haram in Nigeria Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2016-11-30 Sarah Ladbury, Hamsatu Allamin, Chitra Nagarajan, Paul Francis, Ukoha Ukiwo
The following article considers the extent to which the Nigerian jihadi group, Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad (JAS), also known as Boko Haram, is transforming its model of governance from domination by violence and force to governance through civil administration and public support. Drawing on over four years of research and programming in north-east Nigeria, the authors consider three
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Malian Crisis and the Lingering Problem of Good Governance Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2016-11-30 Jaimie Bleck, Abdoulaye Dembele, Sidiki Guindo
This article draws on an original survey of 892 displaced persons in Bamako and Mopti/Sevare right before the 2013 presidential elections, which ushered Mali back into multi-party democracy. Our data demonstrates their prioritization of good governance reform as an important solution for the Malian crisis. We then leverage public opinion polling between 2014 and 2015 in Bamako to evaluate how far the
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Institutionalizing Instability: The Constitutional Roots of Insecurity in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2016-09-30 Hilary Matfess
Nigeria’s return to democracy has been a tumultuous era; the Fourth Republic has been characterized by insurgencies and violence throughout the country. Though seemingly disparate movements, the violence of the Fourth Republic has its roots in the country’s constitution. Three aspects of the 1999 Nigerian constitution stand out as particularly problematic: the centralization of the police at the federal
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Haiti’s Army, Stabilization and Security Sector Governance Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2016-09-30 Geoff Burt
Haiti’s long and difficult security sector reform (SSR) process has entered a new phase. The reinstatement of the Haitian armed forces, nearly 20 years after former President Jean-Bertrand Aristide disbanded them, adds a new set of actors and more complexity to a process already struggling to deliver results amidst a seemingly endless series of political crises. The armed forces must be an impartial
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Implementing DDR in Settings of Ongoing Conflict: The Organization and Fragmentation of Armed Groups in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Stability: International Journal of Security and Development (IF 0.6) Pub Date : 2016-09-27 Joanne Richards
Although it is common for armed groups to splinter (or “fragment”) during contexts of multi-party civil war, current guidance on Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) does not address the challenges that arise when recalcitrant fighters, unwilling to report to DDR, break ranks and form new armed groups. This Practice Note addresses this issue, drawing lessons from the multi-party context