The focus of this paper is to account for plural and hybrid dynamics of everyday policing practice in selected areas of central Nigeria. I argue that it is the plurality of actors and the plurality of practice that constitute hybrid context of security provisioning. It then follows that the conceptualisation of policing as I have used it and argued from the historical study but also the current state of affairs is a mode of statecraft, a means of governing, situated within a plural landscape, that is shaped by political, economic and social interest. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates how plural policing is a product of forms of policing socialisation. The main point that emerges therefore is that violent practices of policing actors are adopted and imbibed not just from a history of the formation and development of state security institutions, but also influenced by wider Nigerian political and social history. State power in the socio-political context I have studied, has always been accompanied or preceded by violence. Routinised violence therefore relates to forms and practices of legitimated violence inherent in policing authorities. Furthermore, the paper argues that alongside these particularly violent forms of policing are the everyday civic policing services, that policing actors render. Policing practice entails normal everyday civic responsible policing and violent everyday practice – all are constitutive of policing practice. In sum, and in conclusion the paper explores how policing practices impact on citizens, particularly as it relates to the processes of policing, the plurality of actors, and the accountability of policing actors.

中文翻译：

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警务人员、多元过程和混合：尼日利亚中部日常警务实践的历史

本文的重点是解释尼日利亚中部选定地区日常警务实践的多元和混合动态。我认为，构成安全供应混合环境的是参与者的多元化和实践的多元化。然后，我在历史研究中使用和论证的警务概念化以及当前的事态是一种治国方略，一种位于多元景观中的治理手段，由政治、经济和和社会利益。此外，本文展示了多元警务如何是警务社会化形式的产物。因此，出现的主要观点是，警务人员的暴力行为不仅来自国家安全机构的形成和发展历史，而且还被吸收和吸收，但也受到更广泛的尼日利亚政治和社会历史的影响。在我所研究的社会政治背景下，国家权力总是伴随着或先于暴力。因此，常规暴力与警察当局固有的合法暴力的形式和做法有关。此外，该论文认为，除了这些特别暴力的警务形式之外，还有警务人员提供的日常公民警务服务。警务实践包括正常的日常公民责任警务和暴力日常实践——所有这些都是警务实践的组成部分。总之，作为结论，本文探讨了警务实践如何影响公民，特别是当它与警务流程、参与者的多元化和警务参与者的问责制相关时。