Disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration (DDR) programmes are an essential part of most contemporary post-conflict peacebuilding processes, but they are seldom the subject of academic analysis. In this study, we seek to reduce this gap by examining the Post-Amnesty Programme (PAP) introduced in Nigeria in 2009. Our analysis shows that the programme contributed to the reduction of small arms and light weapons (SALW), fewer attacks on oil infrastructure and kidnapping of expatriates, and improved human capacity development. However, the programme has been ineffective in reintegrating ex-militants into civilian life because of serious shortcomings in its design as well as the extremely difficult implementation environment. In addition, the programme has proved to be hugely expensive. Despite these serious shortcomings, the Federal Government of Nigeria cannot simply terminate the programme because this will increase the risk that ex-militants enrolled in the programme will reignite the violent insurgency against the Nigerian state and international oil companies. The study concludes by reflecting on how this challenging situation can be resolved.

中文翻译：

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解除武装、复员和重返社会：分析尼日利亚大赦后计划的结果

解除武装、复员和重返社会 (DDR) 计划是大多数当代冲突后建设和平进程的重要组成部分，但它们很少成为学术分析的主题。在这项研究中，我们试图通过研究 2009 年在尼日利亚推出的特赦后计划 (PAP) 来缩小这一差距。我们的分析表明，该计划有助于减少小武器和轻武器 (SALW)，减少对石油的袭击外派人员的基础设施和绑架，以及改善人力发展。然而，由于其设计存在严重缺陷以及实施环境极其困难，该计划在使前武装分子重新融入平民生活方面一直无效。此外，该计划已被证明非常昂贵。尽管有这些严重的缺点，尼日利亚联邦政府不能简单地终止该计划，因为这将增加参加该计划的前武装分子重新点燃针对尼日利亚国家和国际石油公司的暴力叛乱的风险。该研究最后反思了如何解决这一具有挑战性的情况。