Within the repertoire of international stabilization interventions, security sector reform (SSR) and other conventional efforts to strengthen security and governance institutions remain central. There is increasing recognition that the policies and practices operating under the rubric of SSR are blind to the empirical reality of security pluralism in most stabilization contexts. In these contexts, both security providers directly authorized by the state (police, army) and a multitude of other coercive actors engage in producing and reproducing order, and enjoy varying degrees of public authority and legitimacy. Recognizing this, research was undertaken in three cities (Beirut, Nairobi, and Tunis) to discern the conditions enabling various security providers to forge constructive relations with local populations and governance actors. Drawing on insights generated by these case studies, this article problematizes conventional state-centric approaches and argues for a bold reimagining of SSR. It makes the case for an SSR approach that prioritizes promoting the accountability and responsiveness of all security providers, integrating efforts to strengthen the social determinants of security, and enabling a phased transition from relational to rules-based systems of security provision and governance.

中文翻译：

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在安全多元化背景下重新构想 SSR

在国际稳定干预措施的范围内，安全部门改革（SSR）和其他加强安全和治理机构的常规努力仍然是核心。人们越来越认识到，在大多数稳定背景下，在 SSR 标题下运作的政策和做法对安全多元化的经验现实视而不见。在这些背景下，国家直接授权的安全提供者（警察、军队）和众多其他强制行为者都参与生产和再生产秩序，并享有不同程度的公共权威和合法性。认识到这一点，在三个城市（贝鲁特、内罗毕和突尼斯）开展了研究，以了解使各种安全提供者能够与当地居民和治理行为者建立建设性关系的条件。借鉴这些案例研究产生的见解，本文对传统的以状态为中心的方法提出了问题，并主张对 SSR 进行大胆的重新构想。它为 SSR 方法提供了理由，该方法优先促进所有安全提供者的问责制和响应能力，整合努力加强安全的社会决定因素，并实现从安全提供和治理的关系系统到基于规则的系统的分阶段过渡。