In a small number of crisis-affected countries, humanitarian organizations work amid active conflict and under direct threat of violence. This insecurity, reflected in rising aid worker casualty rates, significantly constrains humanitarian operations and hinders the ability of people in emergencies to access vital aid. Extensive field- based research in Afghanistan, southern Somalia, South Sudan and Syria measured humanitarian coverage (aid presence relative to the level of need) in each con - text to determine how this coverage is affected by insecurity. Results show that humanitarian operations are highly determined by security conditions, more than any other factor. As a result, coverage is uneven relative to need and appears politically skewed in favor of areas under control of Western-supported conflict parties. Additionally, humanitarian coverage in these war zones is even lower than it outwardly appears, as aid organizations tend to remain in the country (even after suffering attacks) but reduce and contract their field presence, adopting new, often suboptimal, means of programming. 1

中文翻译：

---

遥不可及：不安全如何阻止人道主义援助到达最需要的人

在少数受危机影响的国家，人道组织在活跃的冲突和暴力的直接威胁下开展工作。这种不安全感表现为援助人员伤亡率上升，严重限制了人道主义行动，并阻碍了处于紧急情况的人们获得重要援助的能力。在阿富汗、索马里南部、南苏丹和叙利亚进行的广泛实地研究测量了每种情况下的人道主义覆盖范围（援助存在与需求水平相关），以确定这种覆盖范围如何受到不安全因素的影响。结果表明，人道主义行动在很大程度上取决于安全条件，而不是任何其他因素。因此，覆盖面相对于需求而言是不均衡的，而且似乎在政治上偏向于支持西方支持的冲突各方控制的地区。此外，这些战区的人道主义覆盖面甚至比表面上看起来还要低，因为援助组织往往留在该国（即使在遭受袭击之后），但减少和收缩其实地存在，采用新的、往往不是最佳的方案编制手段。1