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Replication and recreation of a classic: Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang’s English translation of The Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji) Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-05 Gao Fengping
Yang Hsien-yi (楊憲益) and Gladys Yang’s Selections from Records of the Historian is one of the classic English translations of the Shiji (史記) by Sima Qian (司馬遷). Yang and Yang used distinctive transl...
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From traditional flower fair to “degenerate temple” to modern exposition: The local politics and spatial improvement of Qingyang Palace in Chengdu (1906–1937) Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Fan Ying
Prior to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895, arguments for transforming cities’ traditional saihui (賽會, ‘religious processions’) into modern expositions frequently appeared in newspapers, and in 19...
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The creation of the geographical space of Xanadu of the Yuan Dynasty and the establishment of a unified multiethnic state Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Pan Qing
From the establishment of a seat of government by Kublai Khan, Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, at his residence at Jinlianchuan Prairie to the construction of the city of Kaiping, and from thenc...
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From national capital to provincial capital: Transformation of Hangzhou’s political spaces in the Early Yuan Dynasty Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Chen Caiyun
After achieving the unification of all under Heaven, the early Yuan rulers began to reform the political space of the Southern Song capital. The evolution of their policies was closely related to t...
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An intangible symbol: Behind the wartime construction of the Capital Martyrs’ Shrine Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Yan Hailiang
During the war of resistance against Japan, the National Government's planning of the Capital Martyr's Shrine 首都忠烈祠 was not only meant to ceremonially display those loyal to the state and mold a na...
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Cui Zhihai崔志海, Meiguo yu wanqing Zhongguo (1894–1911) 美國與晚清中國 (1894–1911) (The United States and Late Qing China, 1894–1911) Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Shaoming Duan
Published in Chinese Studies in History (Vol. 56, No. 3, 2023)
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Cultural ecology and changes in 19th–20th century Jiangnan field landscapes Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Wang Jian’ge
This article analyzes the cultural power of changes in the Jiangnan region’s landscape since the nineteenth century. Historically, there were two main perspectives of evaluating landscapes. One his...
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The untimely Don Quixotes: “The old school within the new school” during the May Fourth period Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Xu Jilin
Abstract From the late Qing to the May Fourth period, there were two lines of intellectuals when it came to thought, concepts, and spiritual nature. One was the literati of the romantic school from Kang Youwei 康有爲 and Liang Qichao 梁啓超 of the Hundred Days’ Reform to the New Youth of the May Fourth, while the other was the Neo-Confucian intellectuals from Zeng Guofan 曾國藩 and Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 to the
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Beyond the Critical Review: Examining Wu Mi’s “A Response to the New Culture Movement” Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Qu Jun
Abstract The writings of Wu Mi (吳宓) and other scholars of the Critical Review (Xueheng) group can be considered within the context of both their journal and beyond. In 1922, Wu Mi wrote an essay outside of Critical Review, entitled “A Response to the New Culture Movement.” Most people only know of the essay through Lu Xun’s 魯迅 criticism of it in “A Doctrine of Inclusiveness.” Because Wu Mi’s reputation
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The evolution of Buddhist views on divination: From Original Buddhism to Esoteric Buddhism Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Yang Gang
Abstract The Buddhist attitude toward divination changed overtime. In early Buddhism, in order to project a positive image of the religious order, to distinguish it from other religious practices, the Buddha had established a precept forbidding monks to engage in divination. However, this prohibition was not strictly enforced, and the Buddha often lumped divination together with other minor illicit
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A study of lost early Buddhist bibliographic catalogues Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Feng Guodong
Abstract The Buddhist sutras catalogues are the basis for the study of Buddhist history and literature, but most of the early Buddhist catalogues have vanished, and there were also many discrepancies in the records of later generations. Based on previous scholarship, this article offers a detailed study of the eleven sutras catalogues that were lost before the Tang Dynasty. The authenticity, authorship
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Regional interactions in the Chan Buddhist literature between Sichuan and Zhejiang in the Northern and Southern Song periods—Centering on the phenomena of “Sichuan Monks as Laju” and “Zhejiang Monks as Xiaosa” Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Li Xiaorong
Abstract In the history of Chan Buddhism, a special phenomenon emerged during the Song dynasty, wherein many Chan monks from Sichuan traveled downstream to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangzi River. Particularly during the Southern Song, Sichuan monks who went to Zhejiang enjoyed preeminent social status and brought political influence, giving rise to a situation in which Sichuan monks and Zhejiang
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Wealth and power without a strong military? The four postwar periods of modern East Asia Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-09 Murata Yūjirō
Abstract This chapter presents a macro-comparative analysis of the structural changes that the four major wars in modern East Asia (Sino-Japanese War, Russo-Japanese War, World War I, and Sino-Japanese War) caused in the domestic politics of Japan, China, and Korea from the perspective of the regime transformation effects of the wars. Simply put, the wars brought about a phenomenon of simultaneous
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“The unstable layer of Confucian culture”—Several thoughts on “modern local history” Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-08 Wang Fan-sen
Abstract By quoting “The rites do not go down to the common folk, and punishments do not go up to the great officials,” Fu Sinian (1896–1950) discussed the class distinction in Confucian culture. Because Confucian classics were losing their practical power to guide the daily lives of the lower classes, the local society was left with a void at the ruling, ideological, and cultural levels, or what Fu
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“Becoming a Sage” in the locale: The case of 17th-century northern scholar Yan Yuan Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-08 Wang Dongjie
Abstract From the mid-Ming period on, the idea of becoming a “sage” became an intellectual trend in society. However, the experience of Hebei-based early-Qing scholar Yan Yuan (顏元, 1635–1704) and his peers shows that, unlike the situation described in many studies as “everyone becoming sages,” most people at the time were not interested in being sages, and many with those aspirations were not supported
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Teaching good and doing good: Late-Qing Sichuan folk preaching and its effects Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-08 Xu Yue
Abstract Since the mid-Qing era, public preaching in Sichuan has gradually become more about works of doing good than imperial edicts, which greatly influenced everyday ethics and beliefs in Sichuan grassroots society. In a way, this reflects how ideas affect society. Folk preaching in Sichuan, as a way of doing good itself, has been a common practice to advocate good deeds. Late-Qing folk preaching
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County officials close to the people—Power structures and the operation of grassroots society Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-11 Huang Kuan-chung
Abstract The “county” was the stronghold of state administration in the Song Dynasty, and it was both a field of interaction between imperial power and grassroots society and an interface for the latter to come into contact with political power in general. This article analyzes the various aspects of county administration in the Song Dynasty, from the roles of administrative officials and county magistrates
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The open and closed nature of channels for information: An examination of institutional culture from the perspective of the “Yanlu” of the Song Dynasty Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-11 Deng Xiaonan
Abstract Information was the basis for decision-making in all dynasties, and even more so in national political affairs. For the collection, processing, control, and dissemination of information, the rulers never took it lightly. Combing through the sources throughout the dynasties, we have noted institutionalized initiatives and several long-running “hot topics” between rulers and ministers. Among
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Troubles both foreign and domestic: A comparative study of the political geography of the Song Dynasty Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-11 Yu Wei
Abstract Using several conditions such as the special administrative systems, geographical positions, and level of economic development of different regions within Northern Song 北宋 and Southern Song 南宋 territory, we can divide Song territory into several “comprehensive political regions.” The method of dividing the comprehensive political regions and the relations between the regions greatly differed
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Uncovering the history of the Predynastic Kitan: The historical memory of Dynasties of Northern Descent from a polity perspective Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-11 Miao Runbo
Abstract There are significant conflicting accounts of the history of the Predynastic Kitan in the official narrative of the Liao dynasty and the related historical materials from the Central Plains, both in terms of the time and space. Behind these conflicting accounts lies an hitherto rarely understood historical reality: Abaoji's ancestors were newcomers to the Kitan having only arrived on the scene
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“The emotional community” and the direction of mass movements—The coexistence of oppositional developments in the social trend of 1920s Hunan Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-03-11 Chen Tingxiang
Abstract In the 1920s, the development of social movements in Hunan showed that for every social trend, there was an “emotional community” with the ability of “cognitive response” as its ideological precursor. But this “emotional community” could hardly be expanded into a great popular movement. When powerful figures use the “emotional expression” of an “emotional community” to “control” the “emotions”
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Structural processes in local societies and cultures: A dialogue between historiography and anthropology in Pearl River Delta studies Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-11-11 Liu Zhiwei
Abstract As a major area of dialogue between socio-economic history research and anthropology, land settlement, lineage development, worship of gods, the evolution of household registration system, and ethnic group issues all showed the dynamic process of the regional socio-cultural structure. The study of history was not only an account of people's agency in the social construction of territories
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A tale of multi-species encounterings in mid-Victorian London: Controversies surrounding the Smithfield Livestock Market Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-08-17
Abstract In 1855, as a result of decades of controversy, the Smithfield Livestock Market was relocated from the historic center of London to Islington in north London. Taking on board post-humanist critiques of anthropocentricism, this study reexamines the controversy surrounding the removal of Smithfield Market with a multi-species attentiveness and places the experience and entanglements of various
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“At Gethsemane”: The Shandong Decision at the Paris Peace Conference and Wilson’s identity crisis Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 Ma Jianbiao
Abstract U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s proposed policy of Wilsonianism during World War I was riddled with inherent contradictions. Wilson wanted to resolve the conflicts between imperialist powers and their colonial populations through the principle of “national self-determination,” but also relied on the support of the victorious great powers to realize his vision for a League of Nations. The first
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Primordial unfolding: 120 Years of periodization and classification of the oracle bone inscriptions Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Li Fa
Abstract In the 120 years since the discovery of the oracle bones, great strides have been made in the efforts for their periodization, accompanied by the establishment of standards and theories of periodization. In particular, since the turn of the new century, the shift from the grouping based on diviners to the classification according to the script styles has further refined the classification
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Joining jades and linking pearls: 120 Years of rejoining fragmented oracle bone inscriptions Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Jiang Yubin
Abstract The rejoining of oracle bone inscriptions is the basic work of the study, which has achieved remarkable success in the past 120 years. In recent years, there have been a number of influential works published on its progress, calling our attention to its importance. This article reviews the history of the rejoining of oracle bones and, by drawing on the author’s own experience, discusses the
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Manifold and splendid: 120 Years of research on the oracle bone inscriptions and Shang history Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Sun Yabing
Abstract It has been 120 years since the discovery of the oracle bones in 1899, which not only confirmed the existence of the Shang dynasty, but also provided first-hand materials for the study of history of the Shang. In this article, the author divides the 120 years of Shang history into three stages by looking at important discoveries in oracle-bone materials and their compilation. In the first
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Dunhuang on the Silk Road: A hub of Eurasian cultural exchange—Introduction Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Huaiyu Chen,Q. Edward Wang
While a neologism coined only in the late nineteenth century, the term “Silk Road” has become widely known among peoples around the world today. By comparison, Dunhuang is lesser known, even though...
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On the origin and presentation of images of traveling Buddhist monks on pilgrimage for sutras with tame tigers in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Zhou Xiaoping
Abstract The creation of the “images of traveling Buddhist monks on pilgrimage for sutras with tame tigers” preserved in the Mogao Grottoes resulted from a syncretic cultural and religious development in the Tang and Song dynasties. It was not drawn on the events of the pilgrimage of Xuanzang 玄奘, as is generally believed in academic circles. The intrinsic principles contained within the images transcend
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A reexamination of the reasons for the closure of the Dunhuang Library Cave Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Sha Wutian
Abstract Cave 17 or the cave library is located on the northern wall in the hallway of Cave 16 in Mogao Caves, Dunhuang. The murals on the cover layer of Cave 16 are closely connected with the reason why the cave library was sealed. The transformation tableaux of the thousand Buddhas on the cover layer of Cave 16 seems to reflect the thought of the Final Dharma, which could be dated in the late Guiyijun
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Equal emphasis on “research” and “representation”: A new analysis of Ranke’s debut work Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 Lü Heying
Abstract Although Leopold von Ranke’s debut work Geschichten der romanischen und germanischen Völker von 1494 bis 1535 (History of the Latin and Teutonic Nations [1494–1535]) was not fully mature, it allowed him to obtain a teaching position at the University of Berlin, thus marking the commencement of the Rankean era in modern German historiography. Later generations produced a host of commentaries
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On how Herodotus’s “Historia” became “History” Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 Wu Xiaoqun
Abstract Since the latter half of the twentieth century, many Western scholars have questioned the veracity of Herodotus’s historical record from the angle of writing style, narrative model, the use of sources, and purpose of writing. They further deny Herodotus’s identity as a historian and the continuity between classical historiography and modern historiography. In response to these many criticisms
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The return of the history of ideas—Observations on the evolution of research paradigms in the history of ideas Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 Li Hongtu
Abstract This paper examines the evolution of research paradigms in the history of ideas from the early twentieth century to the present, combing through the various changes which took place during this process of evolution. If the history of ideas as established by Arthur O. Lovejoy merely consists of research on basic “unit-ideas,” then the new history of ideas today is instead presented as shifting
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The decline of a tradition: The changing fate of Sale’s Universal History and the transformation of modern European historiography Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 Zhang Yibo
Abstract Since the Age of Discovery, large amounts of knowledge regarding foreign lands spread to Europe, and the tradition of writing world history based on the Bible came under attack. How to organize knowledge of foreign lands into a world history became a question of keen interest to historians in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. In this context, encyclopedic world history writing became
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“Les lieux de mémoire” and Pierre Nora’s writing of French national history Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 Huang Yanhong
Abstract After World War II, the orientation toward economic and social history of France’s new history weakened the traditional national history narrative. A series of major social and political changes in French society of the 1970s reduced consciousness of the nation-state, and individualized historical memory and counter-memories and identities became increasingly prominent as the historical memory
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From “walking” to “sitting”: Changes in the practices of European historiography from ancient to medieval times Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 Li Longguo
Abstract Ancient Greek historians were inclined to “walk,” that is, to travel widely, either to visit battlefields or inquire with witnesses, as well as to engage in politics and wars, through which to sharpen their own understandings of historical events. While under the Principate, Roman historians residing in the capital city could obtain almost all of the necessary information without traveling
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The extreme secrecy of the Japanese army’s “comfort women” system Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Li Hongxi
Abstract An extremely important characteristic of the modern Japanese military's “comfort women” 慰安婦 system was its extreme secrecy. It was realized through a high degree of tacit “cooperation” between the Japanese military and government. This “cooperation” was mainly manifested in “special treatment” in various areas such as simplified exit procedures adopted by the government for the recruiters
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Reflections on postwar nationalism: Debates and challenges in the Japanese academic critique of the “comfort women” system Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Yang Li
Abstract Since the 1990s the “comfort women” system has received much attention in Japanese academic research, media, and society. This article first introduces the foundation built by historians such as Yoshimi Yoshiaki (吉見義明) who have combed through historical data, and their debates with right-wing nationalists on critical issues such as coercion in the “comfort women” system and “comfort women”
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Wholeness and individuality: Revisiting the New Culture Movement, as symbolized by May Fourth Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2019-10-02 Luo Zhitian
Abstract The May Fourth New Culture Movement was a “convergent historical movement,” as well as a movement with a central purport and an intrinsic wholeness. The image of a homogeneous May Fourth formed unintentionally, and was also constructed by contemporaries and later generations. By examining the connections between the 1911 Revolution and the New Culture Movement from a more macroscopic perspective
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Anti-ism thinkers: The post-May Fourth schism in political thought Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2019-10-02 Wang Fan-sen
Abstract This article is a continuation of “Advent of the Age of Isms,” which primarily discusses a period teeming with various “isms” (主義 zhuyi). During this time, there were in fact a number of figures who held overtly or covertly opposing attitudes, in both cases giving rise to a phenomenon of fragmentation and asystematicness. Whether consisting of negative responses to the new political theory
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The coastal evacuation of Zhangpu County in early Qing: Borders, shifting zones, and social change as seen in forts and fortified villages Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2019-04-03 Chen Boyi
Abstract Qianhai, the early Qing order that forced people in southeast coast to evacuate the coast to a distance of ten to eighteen miles inland in order to eliminate anti-Qing activities, is an excellent topic through which to examine the formation of the border in Han local society. The development of regional studies during the past 20 years encourages us to both refine our local case studies and
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Buddhist temples and ancestral halls: The reconstruction of native official rituals in western Yunnan Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2019-04-03 Lian Ruizhi
Abstract In the process of abolishing the native officialdoms of southwest China, the Ming court justified its actions by citing violations of ethical and ritual principles. During the Zhengtong 正統 period, offices of native officials in Heqing 鶴慶 were abolished and replaced with an office for centrally appointed imperial officials. These imperial officials turned Buddhist temples into Confucian schools
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Ming dynasty maritime provisions transport during the second stage of the East Asian War (1597–98) Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2019-01-02 Hong Sung Ku
AbstractThis article discusses the issue of the Ming army's maritime shipping of supplies during the second stage of the East Asian War of 1597–8. Despite the lack of historical sources and difficu...
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The historical narrative of the Wanli Korean campaign in the Qing Official Ming History Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2019-01-02 Sun Weiguo
Abstract The Ming History (明史 Mingshi) by Qing official historians took more than 90 years to complete, and Wan Sitong's 萬斯同 Draft Ming History (明史稿 Mingshi gao), Wang Hongxu's 王鴻緒 Draft Ming History, and the Ming History palace edition overseen by Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉 were the most important histories of the Ming over its different stages of compilation. Wan Sitong gave much attention to the writing of
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi's effort of retreat and the ending of the East Asian War Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2019-01-02 Hur Nam-lin
Abstract During the second stage of the East Asian War, Toyotomi Hideyoshi 豐臣秀吉 hopefully sought to make an honorable exit, but the Choson 朝鮮 formulated a unique diplomatic strategy that brought the Ming to the battlefield, and there was no way for Toyotomi Hideyoshi's retreat and attempts at peace talks to be successful. In the end, the war concluded with Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death from illness and
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The hierarchical marketing system in Eastern Sichuan prior to the opening of Chongqing Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2018-10-02 Zhou Lin
Abstract The author chiefly makes reference to G. William Skinner’s theory of “central-place hierarchy,” as well as the special circumstances of markets in the region of eastern Sichuan prior to the opening of Chongqing as a treaty port, to divide marketing in this region and time period into four levels, ranked from bottom to top as fairs, commercial market towns, small- to mid-sized commercial cities
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Below the standard market: A study of dispersed rural settlement patterns on the Chengdu Plain and Skinner’s theory on marketing hierarchy Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2018-10-02 Yuan Shang
Abstract Under G. William Skinner’s theory on marketing hierarchy, “minor markets” (小市 xiaoshi) (or 么店 yao dian, “general store”), ranking below a “standard market,” were closely tied to rural settlement patterns. Natural conditions on the Chengdu Plain, farmers’ pursuit of convenience in farm work, and the history of the arrival and settling of immigrants to Sichuan in the early Qing dynasty combined
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Qing dynasty market towns and society on the Chengdu Plain: The example of Zhenzichang in Jian prefecture Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2018-10-02 Guo Guanghui
Abstract The author proceeds from reconsideration of G. William Skinner’s theory of the “standard marketing community” to propose an alternative understanding of a “marketing community” on the Chengdu Plain, through a concise analysis of guild halls, ancestral shrines, Buddhist and Daoist temples, academies, and other social organizations in Zhenzichang, Jian prefecture, during the Qing dynasty. The
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The evolution of the belief of afterlife in the Han dynasty and the rise of Han pictorial carvings Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2018-07-03 Liu Qian
Abstract The Han dynasty pictorial carvings underwent an evolution of more than three hundred years, and its rise was directly related to the Han belief in afterlife and deities. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Former Han dynasty, the cult of immortals escalated, along with the rise of the pictorial carving in tombs and temples. From the late period of Former Han to the second half of the Later
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An archaeological interpretation of Han dynasty brick and stone pictorial reliefs Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2018-07-03 Zhou Xueying
ABSTRACT From a new perspective, this article proposes four principles in understanding and interpreting Han dynasty brick and stone pictorial reliefs. First, adopt a three-dimensional viewpoint to describe and interpret the motifs. Second, follow the order of “bottom to top and right to left” in viewing the pictorial presentations. Third, take a holistic approach in appreciation, examining the pictorial
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The dog in Han dynasty folk beliefs Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2018-07-03 Zheng Xianxing
Abstract The dog was an object of popular worship in the Han dynasty. Dogs played instrumental roles, primarily consisting of hunting, guarding the home, and consumption as food; as riding on horseback and leading dogs were pastimes of the wealthy, dogs became a symbol of prosperity. In Han dynasty pictorial carvings, like the phoenix, the dragon-dog Panhu (槃瓠) appears at the side of the Queen Mother
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Confucian culture and thought as embodied in Han dynasty pictorial carvings Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2018-07-03 Tang Jian
Abstract Confucian culture and thought are among the core intellectual elements produced and formed through Han pictorial carvings, and an intrinsic factor informing artistic expression as well as aesthetic connotations and characteristics in this period. Only through systematic observation and study can we truly understand and appreciate the artistic essence contained within the images in Han pictorial
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The Tongcheng School and the social thought of the late Qing dynasty Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2018-04-03 Zeng Guangguang
Abstract From the perspective of social thought, the Tongcheng School was consistently involved in ideological developments in late Qing society; the silhouette of the Tongcheng School can be seen in each of the iterations of social thought that successively emerged during the late Qing dynasty. During each period in the late Qing dynasty, the principal members of the Tongcheng School were often representatives
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Scribal influence on the transmission of pre-Qin texts, as seen in excavated manuscripts Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2017-07-03 Feng Shengjun
ABSTRACT This article is directed against some Western scholars’ unfounded claim that early Chinese texts were predominantly transmitted orally (either through dictation or writing from memory), and discusses the importance of the scribe in the transmission of pre-Qin texts. Concrete evidence from excavated manuscripts suggests that early Chinese texts were primarily transmitted as copies that passed
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The faculty salary system of the medieval university Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2017-01-02 Zhang Xiaojie
ABSTRACT This paper examines the evolution of the faculty salary system at medieval universities. Amid fierce competition for survival, the medieval universities, which served as academic guilds, developed many highly innovative systems, including a faculty salary system. These systems influenced the historical development of the university, and became the organizational and spiritual foundation of
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Historical study of the University of Göttingen Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2017-01-02 Li Gongzhen
ABSTRACT In 1893, the world-famous mathematician Felix Klein proposed the principle of “interaction of theory and practice” after attending the Chicago World’s Fair. This principle allowed the natural sciences at the University of Göttingen to break the “distinction between pure science and its practical applications,” adapting to the true requirements of this “Scientific and Industrial Age.” On this
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Study of the tuition and living expenses of medieval European university students Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2017-01-02 Xu Shanwei
ABSTRACT The history of daily university life is increasingly garnering the attention of contemporary scholars. This paper focuses on providing a general estimate of the total expenses of a medieval European university student, as well as the proportions of each major expense item. Generally speaking, at medieval European universities, the various expenses for room and board, obtaining a degree, and
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An analysis of failed universities in the Middle Ages Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2017-01-02 Zhang Tao
ABSTRACT Failed university is a notable phenomenon in the history of universities in the Middle Ages: some university foundations were not completed at all, some other universities disappeared in the medieval times. Moreover, many medieval universities once had unsuccessful experience. The failures and the successes both together form a complete history of medieval universities. A study on the failed
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Educational progress in the era of the German Empire Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2017-01-02 Xing Laishun
ABSTRACT German education achieved enormous progress during the era of the German Empire, with substantive advances in the popularization and quality of primary education. Secondary education experienced changes to the types of schools and teaching content as it adapted to modern socioeconomic development. All-female schools for girls’ education and military schools for the training of military officers
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Scientific research at early modern European universities Chinese Studies in History (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2017-01-02 Yi Hongjun
ABSTRACT The early modern era was a new stage in scientific development. Having been baptized by humanism and the Protestant Reformation, European universities achieved a series of major advances in regard to scientific research, expanding our understanding of the natural world and of humanity itself, and establishing an important foundation for the rise of modern natural science.