Abstract The dog was an object of popular worship in the Han dynasty. Dogs played instrumental roles, primarily consisting of hunting, guarding the home, and consumption as food; as riding on horseback and leading dogs were pastimes of the wealthy, dogs became a symbol of prosperity. In Han dynasty pictorial carvings, like the phoenix, the dragon-dog Panhu (槃瓠) appears at the side of the Queen Mother of the West, indicating that a tribe with the dog as its symbol had provided male partners in a “walking marriage” (走婚, zouhun) to marry into the matriarchal clan. The Panhu myth was in fact a revival of the primitive system of in-clan marriage: a member of the Gaoxin clan of the Central Plains disguised himself with a dog’s head mask to carry off a daughter of the same clan in an incestuous elopement. The people of the Han dynasty treated the dog as a tool for understanding the world: for instance, solar eclipses were interpreted as the Heavenly Hound (天狗, tiangou) swallowing the sun, while Duke Ling of Jin (晉靈公, d. 607 BCE) was mocked for conducting himself in a manner unbecoming of a ruler by setting a dog to bite Zhao Dun (趙盾, d. 601 BCE).

中文翻译：

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汉代民间信仰中的狗

摘要狗是汉代的崇拜对象。狗扮演着重要的角色，主要包括狩猎，守护家园和食用食物。由于骑马和领犬是富人的消遣，所以犬成为了繁荣的象征。在汉代的象形雕刻中，像凤凰一样，龙狗Panhu（槃瓠）出现在西方皇后夫人的侧面，这表明一个以狗为标志的部落为“步行婚姻”提供了男性伴侣。 （走婚，邹魂）嫁入母系氏族。盘虎神话实际上是对原始氏族婚姻制度的复兴：中原高新氏族的一名成员戴着狗头罩伪装成一个乱伦私奔带走同一个氏族的女儿。