Abstract

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s proposed policy of Wilsonianism during World War I was riddled with inherent contradictions. Wilson wanted to resolve the conflicts between imperialist powers and their colonial populations through the principle of “national self-determination,” but also relied on the support of the victorious great powers to realize his vision for a League of Nations. The first goal put him at odds with the great powers while the latter required him to ally with them. Wilson’s contradictory relationship with the victorious Allies manifested itself in the resolution of the Shandong question and how Wilson was unable to reconcile the moral principle of self-determination with realist power politics. To form a League of Nations, Wilson had to choose between “ethics” and “politics,” leading to a personal identity crisis. For Wilson, choosing to trust in collective security over moral responsibility was a choice made “at Gethsemane.”

摘要

第一次世界大战期间，美国总统伍德罗·威尔逊提出的威尔逊主义政策提出了固有的矛盾。威尔逊想通过“民族自决”的原则解决帝国主义列强与其殖民地人民之间的冲突，但也要依靠胜利大国的支持来实现他对国际联盟的构想。第一个目标使他与大国背道而驰，而后者则要求他与大国结盟。威尔逊与胜利的盟友之间的矛盾关系在解决山东问题以及威尔逊如何无法将自决的道德原则与现实的强权政治调和中得到体现。为了组建国际联盟，威尔逊不得不在“伦理”和“政治”之间做出选择，从而导致个人身份危机。对于威尔逊