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An early Byzantine ecclesiastical complex at Ashdod-Yam: correlating geophysical prospection with excavated remains STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-07 Yaniv Darvasi, Alexander Fantalkin, Paul Brindza, Amotz Agnon
In this study we show the successful deployment of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) together with Electrical Resistivity Surveys (ERS) in guiding the archeological excavations at Ashdod-Yam (southern...
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Color analysis and classification of earthenware from Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan temple in southern Thailand using machine learning STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-04 Chitnarong Sirisathitkul, Yaowarat Sirisathitkul, Wannasan Noonsuk
Potsherds from Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan, a revered Buddhist temple in Thailand’s Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, were studied in the context of maritime Southeast Asia and local craftsmanship duri...
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Automatic ceramic identification using machine learning. Lusitanian amphorae and Faience. Two Portuguese case studies STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Joel Santos, Diogo A.P. Nunes, Ruslan Padnevych, José Carlos Quaresma, Martim Lopes, Joana Gil, João Pedro Bernardes, Tania Manuel Casimiro
This article presents a novel approach to classifying archaeological artefacts using machine learning, specifically deep learning, rather than relying on traditional, time-consuming human-based met...
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Direct dating confirms the presence of otter and badger in early Holocene Ireland STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Robert C. Power, Ingelise Stuijts, Finbar McCormick, Sahra Talamo
The origin of Ireland’s fauna is an unresolved issue in the history of the island. Although researchers once considered Ireland’s mammals to have spread to Ireland during the early postglacial from...
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Archaeometallurgical research into the ironworking activities of the Medieval Harbour at Hoeke (Belgium) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Paulina Biernacka, Wim De Clercq, Stijn Dewaele, Frank Vanhaecke, Johan De Grave
Archaeological research at Hoeke, a Late Medieval outer harbour of Bruges (Belgium), has revealed large quantities of iron slags, fuel and other remains of iron working. Archaeometrical study has p...
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Smartphone photos as a non-destructive approach to characterise siliceous artefacts STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Mirco Ramacciotti, Gianni Gallello, Stefano Columbu, Dario Fancello, Agustín Diez-Castillo, Oreto García-Puchol, Agustín Pastor, M. Luisa Cervera
ABSTRACT A methodological proposal was developed for the study of prehistoric siliceous artefacts which includes the use of smartphone photography as an analytical tool. Different kinds of materials (cherts, rock crystal and quartzite) were sampled from the lithic assemblage of La Calvera rock-shelter (Camaleño, Spain), chosen as a case study. Each sample was photographed with a smartphone and colour
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Ceramic traditions and technological choices revealed by early Iron Age vessels: the case of Vetulonia (southern Tuscany) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Lionello F. Morandi, Silvia Amicone
ABSTRACT Early Iron Age pottery from central Italian regions has so far largely been studied with a particular emphasis on typological and stylistical features. However, an analytical approach to ancient ceramic technology can reveal a wealth of data on the know-how of early Iron Age central Italian craftspeople and their production choices. With this aim we conducted archaeometric analyses of forty
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On the evolution of limestone-tempered pottery in the American Midwest: an experimental assessment of vessel weight and its relationship to other functional/mechanical properties STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2023-01-02 Anna Mika, Metin I. Eren, Richard S. Meindl, Michael J. O’Brien, Michelle R. Bebber
ABSTRACT During the Middle and Late Woodland periods in the American Midwest some small-scale societies transitioned from grit to limestone as the primary clay temper. Limestone offers experimentally demonstrated benefits to vessel manufacture, including decreased wall thickness, but given the society-wide changes in mobility and exchange that also occurred, we investigated whether the use of limestone
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GPR Mapping of buried monumental retaining walls at biblical Kiriath-Yearim near Jerusalem STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2022-06-29 Darvasi Yaniv, Agnon Amotz, Finkelstein Israel
ABSTRACT In 2019 a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) investigation was conducted at Kiriath-Yearim near Jerusalem, one of the largest Bronze and Iron Ages mounds in the highlands of the southern Levant. The main objective was to test an archaeological hypothesis regarding the existence of an Iron Age summit compound which was supported by monumental stone retaining walls. We used a wheeled GPR with simultaneous
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Landscapes of the “Coast of Death”: dolmen topographies of NW Iberia STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2022-06-27 Gail Higginbottom, A. César González-García, Miguel Carrero-Pazos, Benito Vilas-Estévez, Víctor López-López
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the landscapes of Neolithic communities found within Costa da Morte (Coast of Death), Galicia. Its goal is to uncover whether or not the megalithic monuments of a particular and coherent area of the south-eastern side of the Atlantic Façade are situated in relation to complex locational variables. In particular, in this paper, we explore the entirety of their surrounding
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“Here we go again”: the inspection of collagen extraction protocols for 14C dating and palaeodietary analysis STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2021-07-20
ABSTRACT Archaeological bone collagen is highly useful for radiocarbon (14C) dating and palaeodietary reconstruction. However, collagen preservation and carbon contamination are essential considerations when extracting collagen, becoming especially crucial close to the limit of the method (50,000 years before present = BP). Strong progress has been achieved in the past two decades by 14C and stable
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Pottery production in salt workshops: petrographic and XRF analyses of pottery from Nueva Esperanza, El Salvador STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2021-06-06 Akira Ichikawa, Kenji Kanegae, Kazuaki Nanamura
ABSTRACT Crystallized salt can be extracted by boiling brine in pottery over fire. This technique was implemented in many ancient civilizations throughout the world and is used even today. We identified the raw materials and technological aspects of potteries used in salt workshops from the Early Classic period (AD 250–550) of Nueva Esperanza (Pacific coast of El Salvador) by subjecting 19 samples
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Starch grain extraction in lime-plastered archaeological floors STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2021-05-19 Mario Zimmermann
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the recovery of archaeological starch grains from building interiors at pre-Columbian Maya sites in southern Mexico. In an effort to render analytical protocols more effective, it examines the performance of chemical residue tests as prospective tools, proposes a customized extraction procedure for lime-plaster floors, and compares the efficacy of two mounting techniques
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A Response to Léa Drieu et al., 2020, “Is It Possible to Identify Ancient Wine Production Using Biomolecular Approaches?” (STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research, DOI:10.1080/20548923.2020.1738728) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2021-05-11 Patrick E. McGovern, Michael P. Callahan, Gretchen R. Hall, W. Christian Petersen, Duccio Cavalieri, Daniel L. Hartl, Olga Jáuregui, Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventós
ABSTRACT Comparable to Drieu et al.’s viewpoint, we argue that it is possible to identify ancient Eurasian grape wine by current biomolecular methods, but only in conjunction with the relevant archaeological, archaeobotanical, and other natural and social scientific data. Additionally, we advocate an inductive–deductive working hypothesis model, which is appropriate for the “historical science” of
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Advancing and refining archaeological dental calculus research using multiomic frameworks STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Sterling L. Wright, Keith Dobney, Laura S. Weyrich
ABSTRACT Dental calculus (calcified dental plaque) is a cross-cultural biological matrix that is emerging as a critical source of information for anthropologists and oral health professionals. It contains a multitude of diverse biomolecules, providing information about an individual’s culture, diet, ancestry, and health. Most researchers who study archaeological dental calculus use genomic or proteomic
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Measuring the impact of parchment production on skin collagen stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) values STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2021-01-10 Sean Doherty, Michelle M. Alexander, Jiří Vnouček, Jason Newton, Matthew J. Collins
ABSTRACT Parchment is one of the most abundant resources in archives across the world and is a unique time-sensitive material through which centuries of livestock economies, trade and craft can be explored. We examine the impact of structural and chemical modifications during production to δ13C and δ15N values in the skin, particularly the removal of cutaneous keratins and lipids and the conversion
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A conscious rethink: Why is brain tissue commonly preserved in the archaeological record? Commentary on: Petrone P, Pucci P, Niola M, et al. Heat-induced brain vitrification from the Vesuvius eruption in C.E. 79. N Engl J Med 2020;382:383-4. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1909867 STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Alexandra L. Morton-Hayward, Tim Thompson, Jane E. Thomas-Oates, Stephen Buckley, Axel Petzold, Abigail Ramsøe, Sonia O’Connor, Matthew J. Collins
Brain tissue is ubiquitous in the archaeological record. Multiple, independent studies report the finding of black, resinous or shiny brain tissue, and Petrone et al. [2020 “Heat-induced Brain Vitr...
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Tracing technological transformation – mechanical mortar production in early medieval Europe and at Müstair Monastery, Switzerland STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 Sophie Hueglin, Marta Caroselli, Patrick Cassitti
ABSTRACT Archaeological and historical research combined with material science help to understand the development of building material and construction technology of the Middle Ages. The natural sciences, especially mortar characterisation and scientific dating have allowed new insights into mechanical mortar mixing which has been introduced and used mainly in the early medieval period between AD 500
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Multi-technical approach for the characterization of polychrome decorative surfaces at Spanish Mission Churches in Nueva Vizcaya (Chihuahua, Mexico) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 Karla Muñoz-Alcocer, Laura Fuster-López, Ma. Luisa Vázquez de Ágredos-Pascual, Francesca Caterina Izzo, Marcello Picollo, Giovanni Bartolozzi, Jose Humberto Vega, Diana Maldonado Escobar, Alejandro Mitrani, Miguel Ángel Maynez, Edgar Casanova-González, Isaac Rangel-Chávez, Jose Luis Ruvalcaba-Sil
ABSTRACT An interdisciplinary and multi-institutional group of science and art conservation specialists has provided new insight into the painting materials used in the polychrome walls and wooden ceilings in four seventeenth century Spanish colonial churches of Nueva Vizcaya (Chihuahua, Mexico). A multi-analytical study of the decorative surfaces was performed in situ using spectroscopic approaches
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Experimental investigation of ceramic technology and plant food cooking in Neolithic northern Greece STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Anastasia Dimoula, Zoi Tsirtsoni, Paraskevi Yiouni, Ioannis Stagkidis, Maria Ntinou, Sandra Prevost-Dermarkar, Evanthia Papadopoulou, Soultana-Maria Valamoti
ABSTRACT The paper discusses aspects of cooking pottery technology and operation through observations made in a series of experiments, utilizing the results of archaeological ceramic analysis in Neolithic northern Greece. The first stage of experiments focused on the experimental manufacture of three types of cooking pots, following the Neolithic techniques, from raw material processing to firing.
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A petrographic and chemical analysis of Trinidad pre-colonial ceramics STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Anneleen Stienaers, Bert Neyt, Corinne Hofman, Patrick Degryse
This work presents an exploratory investigation into the production of pre-colonial ceramics found on Trinidad through petrography and chemical analysis with XRF and ICP-OES. Four main petrofabric ...
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Environmental aspects of ancient city planning: a pilot study on Ancient Thouria in the Peloponnese, Greece STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-05-22 Vayia V. Panagiotidis, George Malaperdas, Vassiliki Valantou, Nikolaos Zacharias
ABSTRACT In this paper environmental, topographic and geological data of the Classical till Roman Times thriving city of Ancient Thouria situated in Messenia, SW Peloponnese, Greece are presented in context to their archaeological interpretation of the study area’s landscape and usage. Using environmental and geographic factors in collaboration with soil characterization, a preliminary spatial analysis
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Geochemical analyses result of prehistoric pottery from the site of Tol-e Kamin (Fars, Iran) by pXRF STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 Moein Eslami, Dirk Wicke, Nowrooz Rajabi
A series of pottery samples from the Iranian site Tol-e Kamin, ranging from pre-historical period to the New Elamite, were analyzed in order to study the geochemical variability of the pottery asse...
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Close management of sheep in ancient Central Asia: evidence for foddering, transhumance, and extended lambing seasons during the Bronze and Iron Ages STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 A. R. Ventresca Miller, A. Haruda, V. Varfolomeev, A. Goryachev, C. A. Makarewicz
Pastoralism in Central Asia directed the utilization of natural resources, yet information on livestock management strategies remain scarce. Carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope analyses of dome...
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A versatile mechanized setup for controlled experiments in archeology STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Ivan Calandra, Walter Gneisinger, João Marreiros
Experimentation has always played an important role in archeology, in particular to create reference collections for use-wear studies. Different types of experiments can answer different questions;...
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Polysaccharide remains in Maya mural paintings: is it an evidence of the use of plant gums as binding medium of pigments and additive in the mortar? STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-04-04 Núria Guasch-Ferré, José Luis Prada Pérez, Ma. Luisa Vázquez de Ágredos Pascual, Laura Osete-Cortina, María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
ABSTRACT A number of monosaccharides characteristic of plant gums were found in paint layers and preparation layers of samples of Maya mural paintings of 10 archaeological sites located in Campeche and Yucatan regions. This finding opens the question about the deliberate use of these organic polymers as additives for improving workability and mechanical properties in the preparation layer mortar and
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Chromatic palette studies in sculptural architectonical elements of Maya buildings in the south of Campeche, Mexico STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-03-24 D. Arano, P. Quintana, L. Jiménez, F. Camacho, Y. Espinosa, J. Reyes
ABSTRACT The Maya sites Balamkú, Calakmul, Becán, Chicanná, Xpuhil, Hormiguero, Muñeca, and Chactún are located in the south area of the Mexican State of Campeche, immerse in a tropical subhumid climate. Surrounded by jungle vegetation, these archeological sites preserve some of the best examples of sculptural elements from the pre-Classic (1800 b. C. – 250 a. C.) to the terminal Classic (1000 d. C
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Is it possible to identify ancient wine production using biomolecular approaches? STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-03-17 Léa Drieu, Maxime Rageot, Nathan Wales, Ben Stern, Jasmine Lundy, Maximilian Zerrer, Isabella Gaffney, Manon Bondetti, Cynthianne Spiteri, Jane Thomas-Oates, Oliver E. Craig
Chemical analysis of archaeological artefacts is used with increasing regularity to understand how wine was produced, traded, and consumed in the past and to shed light on its antiquity. Based both...
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Releasing the microbes from old bones: the effect of different DNA extraction protocols on microbial community profiling STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 Anne Marie Høier Eriksen, Lara Puetz, Carolina Rocha, Tue K. Nielsen, Lars H. Hansen, M. Thomas P. Gilbert
DNA-based characterisation of microbial communities can enable those interested in bone diagenesis to address questions relating to the complexity and diversity of said microbial communities. We ex...
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Exploring the impact of iron production on forest and woodland resources: estimating fuel consumption from slag STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Louise Iles
ABSTRACT Reconstructing past anthropogenic influences on forest and woodland resources is an important tool to understand the development of present patterns of land use, and their long-term impacts. Past metallurgical activity undoubtedly consumed significant charcoal, exploiting forest resources for fuel at various stages of metal extraction and processing. This study aimed to quantify this fuel
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Laser ablation strontium isotope analysis of human remains from Harlaa and Sofi, eastern Ethiopia, and the implications for Islamisation and mobility STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 A. J. E. Pryor,T. Insoll,L. Evis
ABSTRACT The ancient city of Harlaa in eastern Ethiopia was occupied between the mid-6th and early 15th centuries AD and played a significant role as a trading centre with links internationally. Besides goods, these trade links also served in spreading cultural and religious ideas between continents, including Islamic traditions which became prevalent in Ethiopia during this time. Here, we present
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Movement of agricultural products in the Scandinavian Iron Age during the first millennium AD: 87Sr/86Sr values of archaeological crops and animals in southern Sweden STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Mikael Larsson,Ola Magnell,Amy Styring,Per Lagerås,Jane Evans
ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine the exchange of crops and livestock through the application of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope analysis on cereal grains and faunal tooth enamel from the regional center of Uppåkra and three nearby settlements in Scania, southern Sweden, dating to the first millennium AD. Around a third of the fauna have non-local 87Sr/86Sr values, indicating the import of livestock
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Soil vs. glass: an integrated approach towards the characterization of soil as a burial environment for the glassware of Cucagna Castle (Friuli, Italy) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-12-17 Karl Tobias Friedrich, Patrick Degryse
ABSTRACT This research is performed on a selection of archaeological glass finds with corresponding soil samples, excavated on the site of the High Medieval castle Cucagna in Friuli/Northern Italy. In the frame of understanding medieval glass technology and the chemical–physical conditions that influenced the state of preservation of the glass finds, this study uses a multi-analytical line-up of methods
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Preclassic Mesoamerican dental inlays: study of the raw material by SEM–EDS STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 Andrea Sandoval Molina, Yoshiyuki Iizuka, Shintaro Suzuki
ABSTRACT Dental modifications, especially dental inlays, were one of the most characteristic biocultural traditions in Ancient Mesoamerica. The main objective of this brief report is to identify the raw material used to elaborate dental inlays in the archaeological site of Reynosa, located in the Southern Pacific Coast of Guatemala. The recent discovery of a massive burial, dated roughly in the Middle-Late
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Characterization of color production in Xallás palace complex, Teotihuacan STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 Carlos López-Puértolas, Linda R. Manzanilla-Naim, María Luisa Vázquez-de-Ágredos-Pascual
ABSTRACT A multi-analytical approach was used to characterize color remains from Xalla, a Teotihuacan palace complex (project Teotihuacan, Elite and Government. Excavations in Xalla led by Linda R. Manzanilla). Color samples were obtained from polished lithic instruments and pigment ores. Those samples were analyzed combining microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Our results coincide with previous
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Proceedings of the 42nd International Symposium on Archaeometry (2018): Preface STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 Yannis Maniatis
The International Symposium on Archaeometry (ISA) is a biennial meeting organized to promote the development and use of scientific techniques in order to extract archaeological and historical infor...
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Searching with georadar ancient T’hó, a Mayan city underneath the modern Merida, Yucatan STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-12-16 Luis Barba, Josep Ligorred, Jorge Blancas, Agustín Ortiz
ABSTRACT T’hó –a Mayan city cited in historical documents – has been discovered and is now a topic in current archaeological discussions and research topics due to a joint UNAM and UADY research project. This project encompassed several steps, including the recording of material recovered from the city’s subsoil while monitoring urban infrastructure programs, as well as the study of historical documents
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Beyond the magic wand: methodological developments and results from integrated Lidar survey at the ancient Maya Center El Pilar STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-12-09 Sherman W. Horn, Anabel Ford
ABSTRACT Large-scale Lidar surveys have revitalized interest in regional settlement studies in the Maya Lowlands. Remotely identified features in Lidar imagery must be verified on the ground, with results of ground-truthing studies forming the basis of reliable, comparative databases for understanding ancient Maya land use and modification. The El Pilar Project integrates data generated by established
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Antimony as a raw material in ancient metal and glass making: provenancing Georgian LBA metallic Sb by isotope analysis STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Sarah Dillis, Alicia Van Ham-Meert, Peter Leeming, Andrew Shortland, Gela Gobejishvili, Mikheil Abramishvili, Patrick Degryse
ABSTRACT Sb was frequently used as a raw material, both in ancient glass-making (as an opacifier and decolouriser) and metallurgy (either as an alloying element or as a pure metal). Despite this ubiquity, antimony production has only occasionally been studied and questions concerning its provenance are still not satisfactorily answered. This study evaluates the suitability of Sb isotope analysis for
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The Emergence of Copper-Based Metallurgy in the Maltese Archipelago: an archaeometric perspective STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-11-07 D. Tanasi, R. H. Tykot, S. Hassam, A. Vianello
ABSTRACT The amount of prehistoric metal items discovered in the Maltese archipelago during the BronzeAge very limited in number. The majority of the artifacts are traditionally considered Aegean imports from nearby Sicily. Nineteen objects, currently on display in the National Archaeological Museum of Valletta, and dated between the 17th and 12th century BCE, represent the main evidence of metalwork
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Preservation of the metaproteome: variability of protein preservation in ancient dental calculus. STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-11-04 Meaghan Mackie,Jessica Hendy,Abigail D Lowe,Alessandra Sperduti,Malin Holst,Matthew J Collins,Camilla F Speller
Proteomic analysis of dental calculus is emerging as a powerful tool for disease and dietary characterisation of archaeological populations. To better understand the variability in protein results from dental calculus, we analysed 21 samples from three Roman-period populations to compare: 1) the quantity of extracted protein; 2) the number of mass spectral queries; and 3) the number of peptide spectral
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Material analysis of Aztec codices in Berlin STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-10-27 Renate Noeller, Angelika Danielewski, Robert Giel, Eef Overgaauw, Oliver Hahn
ABSTRACT The collection Manuscripta Americana in Berlin consists of fragmented codices acquired by Alexander von Humboldt in Mexico. Some of these Humboldt Codices are published as hieroglyphic writings of the Aztecs in “Vues des Cordilleres et Monuments des Peuples indigènes de l’Amerique”. Starting from a special compilation of seven fragments on plate 36 in the “Atlas”, we investigated the corresponding
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Pre-columbian culinary landscapes: reconstructing elite gastronomy at Sihó, Yucatán STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-10-10 María J. Novelo-Pérez, E. Moisés Herrera-Parra, Lilia Fernández-Souza, Iliana Ancona-Aragón, Socorro Jiménez-Álvarez
ABSTRACT In archaeological research about feeding modes of past societies, different interests and methodologies have been developed. In their search for knowledge about Mayan foods and cooking methods, scholars such as Herrera Flores and Götz [2014. “La alimentación de los antiguos mayas de la Península de Yucatán: Consideraciones sobre la identidad y la cuisine en la época prehispánica.” Estudios
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The production of metal artefacts in Southern Etruria (Central Italy): case studies from copper to Iron Age STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-09-18 Adolfo Esposito, Patrizia Petitti, Marco Ferretti, Astrik Gorghinian, Fabio Rossi
ABSTRACT An analytical study is presented, aimed to determine the elemental composition of copper-based artefacts dated back from Copper Age to Early Iron Age (mid-fourth millennium to the VIIIth century B.C.), found on the Tyrrhenian side of the peninsula, corresponding to the Lazio region. The objects belong to different archaeological contexts and had various functions. They were analysed by the
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The use of Cobalt in 18th Dynasty Blue Glass from Amarna: the results from an on-site analysis using portable XRF technology STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-08-12 Anna K. Hodgkinson, Stefan Röhrs, Katharina Müller, Ina Reiche
ABSTRACT Cobalt was commonly used as a colourant in the Egyptian glass industries of the 18th dynasty, dark blue glass being a regular find at palatial and settlement sites, including Amarna and Malqata. The main source of cobalt ore used during this period has been identified in the Egyptian western desert, around the oases of Kharga and Dakhla. In order to better understand the chaîne opératoire
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Distinguishability between ancient and modern leaded tin bronzes by the composition of their lead inclusions STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-08-07 S. Shilstein, A. Berner, Y. Feldman, S. Shalev, Yu. Rosenberg
ABSTRACT The composition of lead inclusions in modern and ancient leaded tin bronzes was studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Lattice parameter of lead inclusions in all bronzes was smaller than the lattice parameter of pure lead. This determination indicates that lead inclusions in bronzes are nothing else but Pb–Sn solid
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Sourcing and nuclear magnetic resonance: new applications for old materials STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-08-06 Isabelle Pianet, Anna Gutiérrez Garcia-M., Marie-Claire Savin, Pilar Lapuente Mercadal, Marta Sánchez de la Torre, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec
ABSTRACT Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, which enables the characterization of structures of a variety of materials whatever their crystallinity/amorphous state, is used in the present work to determine the provenance of two raw materials, namely marbles and cherts. Regarding marbles, the 13C NMR signal of the carbonate function contains information about both the Fe content in its area and
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Agent-based model experiments cast doubt on Dunnell’s adaptive waste explanation for cultural elaboration STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 W. Christopher Carleton, Brea McCauley, André Costopoulos, Mark Collard
ABSTRACT Ancient monuments are puzzling from an evolutionary perspective. It is obvious that their construction would have been costly in terms of energy, but it is not clear how they would have enhanced reproductive success. In the late 1980s, Robert Dunnell proposed a solution to this conundrum. He argued that wasting energy on monuments and other forms of what he called “cultural elaboration” was
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Time-averaging and the spatial scale of regional cultural differentiation in archaeological assemblages STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Galen Miller-Atkins, L. S. Premo
ABSTRACT The degree to which societies differ in dress, diet, laws, and language appears to be such an integral part of today's human experience that some researchers think of it as a hallmark of so-called “modern human behavior.” Yet it remains unclear to what extent the current pattern of relatively low within-region cultural variation paired with relatively high between-region cultural variation
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Image processing and analysis of radar and lidar data: new discoveries in Verona southern lowland (Italy) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Laura Burigana, Luigi Magnini
ABSTRACT This contribution proposes an evaluation of lidar and radar data processing and its potential in revealing archaeological features within a level plain environment, the southern lowland of Verona (Italy), focusing on evidences dating back to the Bronze Age. Many archaeological sites in the research area, including some of the most outstanding settlements of Terramare Culture, were identified
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19th century ornamented metal trays from Greece and Turkey: metallurgy and provenance STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Despoina Kotzamani, Vasiliki Kantarelou, Ioannis Karatasios, Maria Zacharia
ABSTRACT Twelve ‘Japanned’ metal trays from Greece and Turkey, dated in the 19th century, were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examination (stereoscopy, metallography, scanning electron microscopy) as well as to XRF and SEM-EDX analysis. The trays represent two stylistic types made of wrought iron either tin-plated or protected with a primer. Two were manufactured by forging while the rest
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Complex metallographic study on Gepid bronze and silver buckles from the Great Hungarian Plain (5-6th cent.) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Béla Török, Márton Benke, Valéria Mertinger, Péter Barkóczy, Árpád Kovács, Krisztina Hoppál, Péter Kovács
ABSTRACT This work presents a complex metallographic examination of bronze, silver and golden artefacts from early medieval German (Gepid) cemeteries of the Hungarian Plain, focusing on the finds from Tiszapüspöki.A newly developed non-destructive X-ray diffraction method was applied on the artefacts for the first time, as a novel approach, for sampling-free residual stress measurements. Other techniques
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Methodologies for the investigation of corroded iron objects: examples from prehistoric sites in South-eastern Arabia and Western Iran STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Ivan Stepanov, Lloyd Weeks, Kristina Franke, Charlotte Cable, Bruno Overlaet, Peter Magee, Marc Händel, Yaaqoub Yousif Al Aali, Mansour Boraik Radwan, Hassan Zein
ABSTRACT Ancient iron objects from early Iron Age archaeological sites are almost always severely corroded, which can severely limit the possibilities for their archaeometallurgical analysis. In this paper, a range of corroded iron objects from different sites and regions of the ancient Near East are investigated with the purpose of developing an integrated scientific approach to the investigation
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Technology and Provenance Analysis of Glass Fragments from an Ottoman Bathhouse (Hamam) in Kyparissia, Peloponnese, Greece STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 E. Palamara, N. Zacharias, S. Germanidou, K. Gerolymou, D. Palles, E.I. Kamitsos
ABSTRACT This study focuses on the analysis of a post-medieval assemblage of glass vessels and tableware, recovered from an Ottoman bathhouse in Kyparissia, SW Peloponnese, Greece. The chemical composition of the samples was estimated using SEM/EDS, whereas minor and trace elements were identified by qualitative XRF analysis. Raman spectroscopy was applied in order to examine the connectivity of the
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Mineralogy and chemical compositions of ancient slags from Volubilis archaeological site and Awam ancient mine (Morocco) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Fatiha Hourri, Abdelilah Dekayir, Mohamed Makdoun
ABSTRACT Six slags from Volubilis archaeological site roman period (II-III centuries AC) and Jabal Awam ancient mine have been examined for their mineral and chemical compositions by a multi-technique approach (Optical and metallographical microscopies, XRD, ICP-AES and XRF). Mineralogical analyses have emphasised the occurrence of iron oxi-hydroxide, quartz, pyroxene and calcite). The bulk chemical
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Stable isotope analysis of the dietary habits of a Greek community in Archaic Syracuse (Sicily): a pilot study STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Davide Tanasi, Robert H. Tykot, Andrea Vianello, Stephan Hassam
ABSTRACT The study and reconstruction of ancient dietary habits has become a very significant topic in archaeological research. Most chemical analysis studies for diet at Greek sites are limited to prehistory, with very few examples of studies for the Classical period. This paper represents a pilot study of stable isotope analysis carried out on a group of 15 individuals selected among the population
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An Archaic metallurgical workshop in Thasos (Greece): the case of Charitopoulos plot STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Nerantzis Nerantzis, Giorgos Sanidas, Benjamin Jagou, Tony Kozelj, Konstantina Panoussi
ABSTRACT An important archaeometallurgical context dating to the Archaic period (700-480 BC) has been excavated at Thasos (Greece). In particular a pear-shaped metallurgical furnace was revealed while its fill and surrounding area was characterized by the abundant presence of slag, fragments of crucibles and furnace lining. Based on macroscopic examination and instrumental analysis it was shown that
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Analysis of a gilded silver sheeted bridle from Hungary – preliminary results STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Réka Ágnes Piros
ABSTRACT In this paper, I introduce the preliminary results of the archaeometrical investigation of fourth to fifth century AD harnesses of the Vor- und Frühgeschichte Museum in Berlin. The assemblage was originated from Hungary and included a pair of axe-shaped bronze/copper pendant from the bridle, covered with pressed, gilded silver plaque, as well as one piece of spoke-shaped horse bit with the
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Klimt artwork: red-pigment material investigation by backscattering Fe-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy, SEM and p-XRF STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 R. Lehmann, D. Wengerowsky, H. J. Schmidt, M. Kumar, A. Niebur, B. F. O. Costa, F. Dencker, G. Klingelhöfer, R. Sindelar, F. Renz
ABSTRACT Material tests were performed on a rediscovered Klimt-artwork “Trompetender Putto”. We performed studies on the red colored spots, mainly taken from non-restored parts. MIMOS II Fe-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy (novelty in art-pigment analysis) mainly reveals haematite and crystallized goethite in red colors. Electron microscopy can identify various layers of the original and overpainting of an
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Tradecraft of the Avars’ metalworking – manufacturing of iron axes and a special multi-metallic method used for belt accessories STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research (IF 2.8) Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Béla Török, Árpád Kovács, Péter Barkóczy, Frigyes Szücsi
ABSTRACT Metallographic analyses were performed on several types of early medieval iron axes (hammers) and on a piece of a belt set, found in Hungary, using optical and SEM-EDS microscopes. The examinations were focusing on defining structural constituents, determining their distribution and grain size. Inclusions were also investigated. On the basis of the result traces and characteristics of different