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Advancing and refining archaeological dental calculus research using multiomic frameworks STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Sterling L. Wright, Keith Dobney, Laura S. Weyrich
ABSTRACT Dental calculus (calcified dental plaque) is a cross-cultural biological matrix that is emerging as a critical source of information for anthropologists and oral health professionals. It contains a multitude of diverse biomolecules, providing information about an individual’s culture, diet, ancestry, and health. Most researchers who study archaeological dental calculus use genomic or proteomic
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Measuring the impact of parchment production on skin collagen stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) values STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2021-01-10 Sean Doherty, Michelle M. Alexander, Jiří Vnouček, Jason Newton, Matthew J. Collins
ABSTRACT Parchment is one of the most abundant resources in archives across the world and is a unique time-sensitive material through which centuries of livestock economies, trade and craft can be explored. We examine the impact of structural and chemical modifications during production to δ13C and δ15N values in the skin, particularly the removal of cutaneous keratins and lipids and the conversion
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A conscious rethink: Why is brain tissue commonly preserved in the archaeological record? Commentary on: Petrone P, Pucci P, Niola M, et al. Heat-induced brain vitrification from the Vesuvius eruption in C.E. 79. N Engl J Med 2020;382:383-4. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1909867 STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Alexandra L. Morton-Hayward, Tim Thompson, Jane E. Thomas-Oates, Stephen Buckley, Axel Petzold, Abigail Ramsøe, Sonia O’Connor, Matthew J. Collins
Brain tissue is ubiquitous in the archaeological record. Multiple, independent studies report the finding of black, resinous or shiny brain tissue, and Petrone et al. [2020 “Heat-induced Brain Vitr...
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Tracing technological transformation – mechanical mortar production in early medieval Europe and at Müstair Monastery, Switzerland STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-08-15 Sophie Hueglin, Marta Caroselli, Patrick Cassitti
ABSTRACT Archaeological and historical research combined with material science help to understand the development of building material and construction technology of the Middle Ages. The natural sciences, especially mortar characterisation and scientific dating have allowed new insights into mechanical mortar mixing which has been introduced and used mainly in the early medieval period between AD 500
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Multi-technical approach for the characterization of polychrome decorative surfaces at Spanish Mission Churches in Nueva Vizcaya (Chihuahua, Mexico) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-07-20 Karla Muñoz-Alcocer, Laura Fuster-López, Ma. Luisa Vázquez de Ágredos-Pascual, Francesca Caterina Izzo, Marcello Picollo, Giovanni Bartolozzi, Jose Humberto Vega, Diana Maldonado Escobar, Alejandro Mitrani, Miguel Ángel Maynez, Edgar Casanova-González, Isaac Rangel-Chávez, Jose Luis Ruvalcaba-Sil
ABSTRACT An interdisciplinary and multi-institutional group of science and art conservation specialists has provided new insight into the painting materials used in the polychrome walls and wooden ceilings in four seventeenth century Spanish colonial churches of Nueva Vizcaya (Chihuahua, Mexico). A multi-analytical study of the decorative surfaces was performed in situ using spectroscopic approaches
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Experimental investigation of ceramic technology and plant food cooking in Neolithic northern Greece STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Anastasia Dimoula, Zoi Tsirtsoni, Paraskevi Yiouni, Ioannis Stagkidis, Maria Ntinou, Sandra Prevost-Dermarkar, Evanthia Papadopoulou, Soultana-Maria Valamoti
ABSTRACT The paper discusses aspects of cooking pottery technology and operation through observations made in a series of experiments, utilizing the results of archaeological ceramic analysis in Neolithic northern Greece. The first stage of experiments focused on the experimental manufacture of three types of cooking pots, following the Neolithic techniques, from raw material processing to firing.
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A petrographic and chemical analysis of Trinidad pre-colonial ceramics STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Anneleen Stienaers, Bert Neyt, Corinne Hofman, Patrick Degryse
This work presents an exploratory investigation into the production of pre-colonial ceramics found on Trinidad through petrography and chemical analysis with XRF and ICP-OES. Four main petrofabric ...
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Environmental aspects of ancient city planning: a pilot study on Ancient Thouria in the Peloponnese, Greece STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-05-22 Vayia V. Panagiotidis, George Malaperdas, Vassiliki Valantou, Nikolaos Zacharias
ABSTRACT In this paper environmental, topographic and geological data of the Classical till Roman Times thriving city of Ancient Thouria situated in Messenia, SW Peloponnese, Greece are presented in context to their archaeological interpretation of the study area’s landscape and usage. Using environmental and geographic factors in collaboration with soil characterization, a preliminary spatial analysis
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Geochemical analyses result of prehistoric pottery from the site of Tol-e Kamin (Fars, Iran) by pXRF STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-05-13 Moein Eslami, Dirk Wicke, Nowrooz Rajabi
A series of pottery samples from the Iranian site Tol-e Kamin, ranging from pre-historical period to the New Elamite, were analyzed in order to study the geochemical variability of the pottery asse...
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Close management of sheep in ancient Central Asia: evidence for foddering, transhumance, and extended lambing seasons during the Bronze and Iron Ages STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-05-12 A. R. Ventresca Miller, A. Haruda, V. Varfolomeev, A. Goryachev, C. A. Makarewicz
Pastoralism in Central Asia directed the utilization of natural resources, yet information on livestock management strategies remain scarce. Carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope analyses of dome...
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A versatile mechanized setup for controlled experiments in archeology STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Ivan Calandra, Walter Gneisinger, João Marreiros
Experimentation has always played an important role in archeology, in particular to create reference collections for use-wear studies. Different types of experiments can answer different questions;...
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Polysaccharide remains in Maya mural paintings: is it an evidence of the use of plant gums as binding medium of pigments and additive in the mortar? STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-04-04 Núria Guasch-Ferré, José Luis Prada Pérez, Ma. Luisa Vázquez de Ágredos Pascual, Laura Osete-Cortina, María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
ABSTRACT A number of monosaccharides characteristic of plant gums were found in paint layers and preparation layers of samples of Maya mural paintings of 10 archaeological sites located in Campeche and Yucatan regions. This finding opens the question about the deliberate use of these organic polymers as additives for improving workability and mechanical properties in the preparation layer mortar and
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Chromatic palette studies in sculptural architectonical elements of Maya buildings in the south of Campeche, Mexico STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-03-24 D. Arano, P. Quintana, L. Jiménez, F. Camacho, Y. Espinosa, J. Reyes
ABSTRACT The Maya sites Balamkú, Calakmul, Becán, Chicanná, Xpuhil, Hormiguero, Muñeca, and Chactún are located in the south area of the Mexican State of Campeche, immerse in a tropical subhumid climate. Surrounded by jungle vegetation, these archeological sites preserve some of the best examples of sculptural elements from the pre-Classic (1800 b. C. – 250 a. C.) to the terminal Classic (1000 d. C
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Is it possible to identify ancient wine production using biomolecular approaches? STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-03-17 Léa Drieu, Maxime Rageot, Nathan Wales, Ben Stern, Jasmine Lundy, Maximilian Zerrer, Isabella Gaffney, Manon Bondetti, Cynthianne Spiteri, Jane Thomas-Oates, Oliver E. Craig
Chemical analysis of archaeological artefacts is used with increasing regularity to understand how wine was produced, traded, and consumed in the past and to shed light on its antiquity. Based both...
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Releasing the microbes from old bones: the effect of different DNA extraction protocols on microbial community profiling STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-03-12 Anne Marie Høier Eriksen, Lara Puetz, Carolina Rocha, Tue K. Nielsen, Lars H. Hansen, M. Thomas P. Gilbert
DNA-based characterisation of microbial communities can enable those interested in bone diagenesis to address questions relating to the complexity and diversity of said microbial communities. We ex...
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Exploring the impact of iron production on forest and woodland resources: estimating fuel consumption from slag STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Louise Iles
ABSTRACT Reconstructing past anthropogenic influences on forest and woodland resources is an important tool to understand the development of present patterns of land use, and their long-term impacts. Past metallurgical activity undoubtedly consumed significant charcoal, exploiting forest resources for fuel at various stages of metal extraction and processing. This study aimed to quantify this fuel
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Soil vs. glass: an integrated approach towards the characterization of soil as a burial environment for the glassware of Cucagna Castle (Friuli, Italy) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-12-17 Karl Tobias Friedrich, Patrick Degryse
ABSTRACT This research is performed on a selection of archaeological glass finds with corresponding soil samples, excavated on the site of the High Medieval castle Cucagna in Friuli/Northern Italy. In the frame of understanding medieval glass technology and the chemical–physical conditions that influenced the state of preservation of the glass finds, this study uses a multi-analytical line-up of methods
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Preclassic Mesoamerican dental inlays: study of the raw material by SEM–EDS STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-12-16 Andrea Sandoval Molina, Yoshiyuki Iizuka, Shintaro Suzuki
ABSTRACT Dental modifications, especially dental inlays, were one of the most characteristic biocultural traditions in Ancient Mesoamerica. The main objective of this brief report is to identify the raw material used to elaborate dental inlays in the archaeological site of Reynosa, located in the Southern Pacific Coast of Guatemala. The recent discovery of a massive burial, dated roughly in the Middle-Late
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Characterization of color production in Xallás palace complex, Teotihuacan STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-12-16 Carlos López-Puértolas, Linda R. Manzanilla-Naim, María Luisa Vázquez-de-Ágredos-Pascual
ABSTRACT A multi-analytical approach was used to characterize color remains from Xalla, a Teotihuacan palace complex (project Teotihuacan, Elite and Government. Excavations in Xalla led by Linda R. Manzanilla). Color samples were obtained from polished lithic instruments and pigment ores. Those samples were analyzed combining microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Our results coincide with previous
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Proceedings of the 42nd International Symposium on Archaeometry (2018): Preface STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-12-16 Yannis Maniatis
The International Symposium on Archaeometry (ISA) is a biennial meeting organized to promote the development and use of scientific techniques in order to extract archaeological and historical infor...
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Searching with georadar ancient T’hó, a Mayan city underneath the modern Merida, Yucatan STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-12-16 Luis Barba, Josep Ligorred, Jorge Blancas, Agustín Ortiz
ABSTRACT T’hó –a Mayan city cited in historical documents – has been discovered and is now a topic in current archaeological discussions and research topics due to a joint UNAM and UADY research project. This project encompassed several steps, including the recording of material recovered from the city’s subsoil while monitoring urban infrastructure programs, as well as the study of historical documents
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Beyond the magic wand: methodological developments and results from integrated Lidar survey at the ancient Maya Center El Pilar STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-12-09 Sherman W. Horn, Anabel Ford
ABSTRACT Large-scale Lidar surveys have revitalized interest in regional settlement studies in the Maya Lowlands. Remotely identified features in Lidar imagery must be verified on the ground, with results of ground-truthing studies forming the basis of reliable, comparative databases for understanding ancient Maya land use and modification. The El Pilar Project integrates data generated by established
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Antimony as a raw material in ancient metal and glass making: provenancing Georgian LBA metallic Sb by isotope analysis STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Sarah Dillis, Alicia Van Ham-Meert, Peter Leeming, Andrew Shortland, Gela Gobejishvili, Mikheil Abramishvili, Patrick Degryse
ABSTRACT Sb was frequently used as a raw material, both in ancient glass-making (as an opacifier and decolouriser) and metallurgy (either as an alloying element or as a pure metal). Despite this ubiquity, antimony production has only occasionally been studied and questions concerning its provenance are still not satisfactorily answered. This study evaluates the suitability of Sb isotope analysis for
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The Emergence of Copper-Based Metallurgy in the Maltese Archipelago: an archaeometric perspective STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-11-07 D. Tanasi, R. H. Tykot, S. Hassam, A. Vianello
ABSTRACT The amount of prehistoric metal items discovered in the Maltese archipelago during the BronzeAge very limited in number. The majority of the artifacts are traditionally considered Aegean imports from nearby Sicily. Nineteen objects, currently on display in the National Archaeological Museum of Valletta, and dated between the 17th and 12th century BCE, represent the main evidence of metalwork
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Material analysis of Aztec codices in Berlin STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-10-27 Renate Noeller, Angelika Danielewski, Robert Giel, Eef Overgaauw, Oliver Hahn
ABSTRACT The collection Manuscripta Americana in Berlin consists of fragmented codices acquired by Alexander von Humboldt in Mexico. Some of these Humboldt Codices are published as hieroglyphic writings of the Aztecs in “Vues des Cordilleres et Monuments des Peuples indigènes de l’Amerique”. Starting from a special compilation of seven fragments on plate 36 in the “Atlas”, we investigated the corresponding
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Pre-columbian culinary landscapes: reconstructing elite gastronomy at Sihó, Yucatán STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-10-10 María J. Novelo-Pérez, E. Moisés Herrera-Parra, Lilia Fernández-Souza, Iliana Ancona-Aragón, Socorro Jiménez-Álvarez
ABSTRACT In archaeological research about feeding modes of past societies, different interests and methodologies have been developed. In their search for knowledge about Mayan foods and cooking methods, scholars such as Herrera Flores and Götz [2014. “La alimentación de los antiguos mayas de la Península de Yucatán: Consideraciones sobre la identidad y la cuisine en la época prehispánica.” Estudios
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The production of metal artefacts in Southern Etruria (Central Italy): case studies from copper to Iron Age STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-09-18 Adolfo Esposito, Patrizia Petitti, Marco Ferretti, Astrik Gorghinian, Fabio Rossi
ABSTRACT An analytical study is presented, aimed to determine the elemental composition of copper-based artefacts dated back from Copper Age to Early Iron Age (mid-fourth millennium to the VIIIth century B.C.), found on the Tyrrhenian side of the peninsula, corresponding to the Lazio region. The objects belong to different archaeological contexts and had various functions. They were analysed by the
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The use of Cobalt in 18th Dynasty Blue Glass from Amarna: the results from an on-site analysis using portable XRF technology STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-08-12 Anna K. Hodgkinson, Stefan Röhrs, Katharina Müller, Ina Reiche
ABSTRACT Cobalt was commonly used as a colourant in the Egyptian glass industries of the 18th dynasty, dark blue glass being a regular find at palatial and settlement sites, including Amarna and Malqata. The main source of cobalt ore used during this period has been identified in the Egyptian western desert, around the oases of Kharga and Dakhla. In order to better understand the chaîne opératoire
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Distinguishability between ancient and modern leaded tin bronzes by the composition of their lead inclusions STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-08-07 S. Shilstein, A. Berner, Y. Feldman, S. Shalev, Yu. Rosenberg
ABSTRACT The composition of lead inclusions in modern and ancient leaded tin bronzes was studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Lattice parameter of lead inclusions in all bronzes was smaller than the lattice parameter of pure lead. This determination indicates that lead inclusions in bronzes are nothing else but Pb–Sn solid
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Sourcing and nuclear magnetic resonance: new applications for old materials STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-08-06 Isabelle Pianet, Anna Gutiérrez Garcia-M., Marie-Claire Savin, Pilar Lapuente Mercadal, Marta Sánchez de la Torre, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec
ABSTRACT Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, which enables the characterization of structures of a variety of materials whatever their crystallinity/amorphous state, is used in the present work to determine the provenance of two raw materials, namely marbles and cherts. Regarding marbles, the 13C NMR signal of the carbonate function contains information about both the Fe content in its area and
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Agent-based model experiments cast doubt on Dunnell’s adaptive waste explanation for cultural elaboration STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2019-01-01 W. Christopher Carleton, Brea McCauley, André Costopoulos, Mark Collard
ABSTRACT Ancient monuments are puzzling from an evolutionary perspective. It is obvious that their construction would have been costly in terms of energy, but it is not clear how they would have enhanced reproductive success. In the late 1980s, Robert Dunnell proposed a solution to this conundrum. He argued that wasting energy on monuments and other forms of what he called “cultural elaboration” was
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Time-averaging and the spatial scale of regional cultural differentiation in archaeological assemblages STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Galen Miller-Atkins, L. S. Premo
ABSTRACT The degree to which societies differ in dress, diet, laws, and language appears to be such an integral part of today's human experience that some researchers think of it as a hallmark of so-called “modern human behavior.” Yet it remains unclear to what extent the current pattern of relatively low within-region cultural variation paired with relatively high between-region cultural variation
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Image processing and analysis of radar and lidar data: new discoveries in Verona southern lowland (Italy) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Laura Burigana, Luigi Magnini
ABSTRACT This contribution proposes an evaluation of lidar and radar data processing and its potential in revealing archaeological features within a level plain environment, the southern lowland of Verona (Italy), focusing on evidences dating back to the Bronze Age. Many archaeological sites in the research area, including some of the most outstanding settlements of Terramare Culture, were identified
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19th century ornamented metal trays from Greece and Turkey: metallurgy and provenance STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Despoina Kotzamani, Vasiliki Kantarelou, Ioannis Karatasios, Maria Zacharia
ABSTRACT Twelve ‘Japanned’ metal trays from Greece and Turkey, dated in the 19th century, were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examination (stereoscopy, metallography, scanning electron microscopy) as well as to XRF and SEM-EDX analysis. The trays represent two stylistic types made of wrought iron either tin-plated or protected with a primer. Two were manufactured by forging while the rest
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Complex metallographic study on Gepid bronze and silver buckles from the Great Hungarian Plain (5-6th cent.) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Béla Török, Márton Benke, Valéria Mertinger, Péter Barkóczy, Árpád Kovács, Krisztina Hoppál, Péter Kovács
ABSTRACT This work presents a complex metallographic examination of bronze, silver and golden artefacts from early medieval German (Gepid) cemeteries of the Hungarian Plain, focusing on the finds from Tiszapüspöki.A newly developed non-destructive X-ray diffraction method was applied on the artefacts for the first time, as a novel approach, for sampling-free residual stress measurements. Other techniques
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Methodologies for the investigation of corroded iron objects: examples from prehistoric sites in South-eastern Arabia and Western Iran STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Ivan Stepanov, Lloyd Weeks, Kristina Franke, Charlotte Cable, Bruno Overlaet, Peter Magee, Marc Händel, Yaaqoub Yousif Al Aali, Mansour Boraik Radwan, Hassan Zein
ABSTRACT Ancient iron objects from early Iron Age archaeological sites are almost always severely corroded, which can severely limit the possibilities for their archaeometallurgical analysis. In this paper, a range of corroded iron objects from different sites and regions of the ancient Near East are investigated with the purpose of developing an integrated scientific approach to the investigation
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Technology and Provenance Analysis of Glass Fragments from an Ottoman Bathhouse (Hamam) in Kyparissia, Peloponnese, Greece STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 E. Palamara, N. Zacharias, S. Germanidou, K. Gerolymou, D. Palles, E.I. Kamitsos
ABSTRACT This study focuses on the analysis of a post-medieval assemblage of glass vessels and tableware, recovered from an Ottoman bathhouse in Kyparissia, SW Peloponnese, Greece. The chemical composition of the samples was estimated using SEM/EDS, whereas minor and trace elements were identified by qualitative XRF analysis. Raman spectroscopy was applied in order to examine the connectivity of the
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Mineralogy and chemical compositions of ancient slags from Volubilis archaeological site and Awam ancient mine (Morocco) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Fatiha Hourri, Abdelilah Dekayir, Mohamed Makdoun
ABSTRACT Six slags from Volubilis archaeological site roman period (II-III centuries AC) and Jabal Awam ancient mine have been examined for their mineral and chemical compositions by a multi-technique approach (Optical and metallographical microscopies, XRD, ICP-AES and XRF). Mineralogical analyses have emphasised the occurrence of iron oxi-hydroxide, quartz, pyroxene and calcite). The bulk chemical
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Stable isotope analysis of the dietary habits of a Greek community in Archaic Syracuse (Sicily): a pilot study STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Davide Tanasi, Robert H. Tykot, Andrea Vianello, Stephan Hassam
ABSTRACT The study and reconstruction of ancient dietary habits has become a very significant topic in archaeological research. Most chemical analysis studies for diet at Greek sites are limited to prehistory, with very few examples of studies for the Classical period. This paper represents a pilot study of stable isotope analysis carried out on a group of 15 individuals selected among the population
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An Archaic metallurgical workshop in Thasos (Greece): the case of Charitopoulos plot STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Nerantzis Nerantzis, Giorgos Sanidas, Benjamin Jagou, Tony Kozelj, Konstantina Panoussi
ABSTRACT An important archaeometallurgical context dating to the Archaic period (700-480 BC) has been excavated at Thasos (Greece). In particular a pear-shaped metallurgical furnace was revealed while its fill and surrounding area was characterized by the abundant presence of slag, fragments of crucibles and furnace lining. Based on macroscopic examination and instrumental analysis it was shown that
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Analysis of a gilded silver sheeted bridle from Hungary – preliminary results STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Réka Ágnes Piros
ABSTRACT In this paper, I introduce the preliminary results of the archaeometrical investigation of fourth to fifth century AD harnesses of the Vor- und Frühgeschichte Museum in Berlin. The assemblage was originated from Hungary and included a pair of axe-shaped bronze/copper pendant from the bridle, covered with pressed, gilded silver plaque, as well as one piece of spoke-shaped horse bit with the
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Klimt artwork: red-pigment material investigation by backscattering Fe-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy, SEM and p-XRF STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 R. Lehmann, D. Wengerowsky, H. J. Schmidt, M. Kumar, A. Niebur, B. F. O. Costa, F. Dencker, G. Klingelhöfer, R. Sindelar, F. Renz
ABSTRACT Material tests were performed on a rediscovered Klimt-artwork “Trompetender Putto”. We performed studies on the red colored spots, mainly taken from non-restored parts. MIMOS II Fe-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy (novelty in art-pigment analysis) mainly reveals haematite and crystallized goethite in red colors. Electron microscopy can identify various layers of the original and overpainting of an
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Tradecraft of the Avars’ metalworking – manufacturing of iron axes and a special multi-metallic method used for belt accessories STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Béla Török, Árpád Kovács, Péter Barkóczy, Frigyes Szücsi
ABSTRACT Metallographic analyses were performed on several types of early medieval iron axes (hammers) and on a piece of a belt set, found in Hungary, using optical and SEM-EDS microscopes. The examinations were focusing on defining structural constituents, determining their distribution and grain size. Inclusions were also investigated. On the basis of the result traces and characteristics of different
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Title of Special Issue: International Symposium on Archaeometry 2016 (Kalamata, Greece): Proceedings STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Yannis Maniatis
The International Symposium on Archaeometry (ISA) is a biennial meeting organized to promote the development and use of scientific techniques in order to extract archaeological and historical information from the cultural heritage and the paleoenvironment. ISA is a unique symposium as it provides the only international forum for all activities in Archaeological Sciences, both individually and integrated
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Kastro Palaia settlement, Volos, Greece: a diachronical technological approach to bronze metalwork STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 E. Asderaki-Tzoumerkioti, Th Rehren, E. Skafida, M. Vaxevanopoulos, P. J. Connolly
ABSTRACT The paper examines diachronically the technological knowledge and the level of copper metallurgy at Kastro Palaia, Volos, in Magnesia, examining various objects with dates from the Early Bronze Age through to the Early Christian era. Of the 70 objects that have been examined so far using pXRF, a small sample was selected for further metallographic and chemical analyses. In this way, the manufacturing
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Metalworking Evidence from a Late Antique Context in the Forum of Grumentum STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Giulia Bison, Lara Pozzan, Safiyeh Haghani, Lorna Anguilano
ABSTRACT This paper is a preliminary report on metallurgical activity detected in the Forum of the ancient city of Grumentum ( Basilicata, Italy). In the Late antique period, an area next to one of the most important temples of the square was turned into a metalworking structure, which has yielded a set of hearths, metallurgical remains, and some tools. The results of archaeometrical investigation
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Roman cooking vessels (ollae): a preliminary study of the material from the Pontine region, Central Italy STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 B. Borgers, G. Tol, T. de Haas
ABSTRACT This paper presents the petrographic analysis of cooking vessels (ollae) from the Pontine region, Central Italy, dated between the 4th and the 1st centuries BC. Cooking vessels of three surveys in different parts of the Pontine Plain and around Norba, in the Lepine foothills, are considered. The considered time-span covers the period in which the Pontine region became integrated in the Roman
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The ancient Demetrias figurines: new insights on pigments and decoration techniques used on Hellenistic clay figurines STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Konstantina Tsatsouli, Elisavet Nikolaou
ABSTRACT The 1995–1996 rescue excavation at the northern cemetery of Ancient Demetrias (Volos, Greece) unearthed a large number of clay figurines of the Hellenistic period (3rd - 2nd c. B.C.). The objects exhibit rich polychrome surfaces and represent well-known figurine types of women and children used as grave gifts. This paper aims to present the preliminary results of a new investigation on the
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Characterisation and Analysis of Metallic Artefacts from the Pylos Archaeological Museum STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 M. Kylafi, A. Katakos, S. Boyatzis, E. Palamara, N. Zacharias
ABSTRACT The present study focuses on the analysis of four unique artefacts, originally recovered from a tomb complex of the Hellenistic period and now displayed at the New Pylos Archaeological Museum, Niokastro fortress of Pylos, Greece (since 2016). The items are rod-shaped, with a length between 5.5 and 14.6 cm and intricate decorative patterns. The rods were analysed following a multi-technique
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Technological implications of neo-formed hematite crystals in ceramic lead glazes STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Roberta Di Febo, Judit Molera, Trinitat Pradell, Oriol Vallcorba, Claudio Capelli
ABSTRACT Hexagonal neo-formed crystallites have been observed in thin section of different medieval and post-medieval lead-glazed ceramics. Although they are clearly visible in thin section using plane polarized light, their plate shape makes them barely seen on the polished cross sections. Basal sections have never been found on the polished sections and only few transversal very thin sections could
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Neural Networks (SOM) Applied to INAA Data of Chemical Elements in Archaeological Ceramics from Central Amazon STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 R. Hazenfratz, C. S. Munita, E. G. Neves
ABSTRACT Artificial neural networks represent an alternative to traditional multivariate techniques, such as principal component and discriminant analysis, which rely on hypotheses regarding the normal distribution of the data and homoscedasticity. They also may be a powerful tool for multivariate modeling of systems that do not present linear correlation between variables, as well as to visualize
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Characterization of Zahari Zograph’s nave wall paintings in the church “The nativity of the virgin” of Rila Monastery (Bulgaria) by vibrational spectroscopy and SEM–EDX analysis STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Denitsa Yancheva, Stefan Tapanov, Evelina Velcheva, Bistra Stamboliyska, Zornitza Glavcheva, Simeon Stoyanov, Nikifor Haralampiev, Dieter Fischer, Albena Lederer
ABSTRACT An analytical study on the nave mural paintings of the church “The Nativity of the Virgin” of Rila monastery, Bulgaria, painted by Zahari Zograph was carried out. Vibrational spectroscopy was applied to identify the pigments and organic materials used in the mural paintings. To complement the spectral information, elemental composition of the samples was determined by SEM-EDX. The data showed
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A small bronze statue from the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki; exploring its authenticity STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Vasiliki Michalopoulou, Polyxeni Adam-Veleni, Ioannis Karapanagiotis
ABSTRACT This study explores the authentication of a bronze statue by means of the evaluation of technical evidence and investigation of patinas formation. The statue was identified by the police as a product of illicit excavation and handed to the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki. The visual examination reveals technical features that are consistent with those commonly found on ancient bronze
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Geo-material provenance and technological properties investigation in Copper Age menhirs production at Allai (central-western Sardinia, Italy) STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Marco Serra, Valentina Mameli, Carla Cannas
ABSTRACT During the 2nd millennium BC anthropomorphic menhirs belonging to a 3rd millennium BC sanctuary were reused as building material in the Arasseda Nuraghe (Sardinia, Italy). To analyse the Arasseda menhirs and the local Monte Ironi geological samples (presenting similar visual features), chemical (pXRF, ICP-OES, ICP-MS), mineralogical-chemical (PXRD) and physical (Mohs hardness) measurements
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The sanctuary of Hercules in Sesklo Region, Volos, Greece: an archaeometric approach of the archaic bronze objects STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-12-15 Evaggelia Stamelou, Argyroula Doulgeri-Intzesiloglou, Eleni Asderaki-Tzoumerkioti, Markos Vaxevanopoulos
ABSTRACT The study of the bronze offerings obtained from the Sanctuary of Hercules in the area of Sesklo, Municipality of Volos, Thessaly, Greece is presented in this paper. The objects were examined initially with non-destructive followed with invasive methods in order to better understand their manufacture technology. The provenance of copper is also briefly discussed.
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Polished Decorative Fields in Thracian Fresco Tombs from the Hellenistic period - Archaeometrical Research STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-11-10 D. Guirdzhiiska, B. Zlateva, Z. Glavcheva
ABSTRACT In order to gather information on the technological characteristics of the monochrome decorative wall plasters in some Thracian fresco tombs (4th -3rd centuries BC) found in South Bulgaria, several types of analyses have been carried out. Samples of red, yellow and white large wall-painted fields in different monuments, have been investigated using a combination of Attenuated Total Reflectance
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A non-destructive technological study of three fresco fragments from Iklaina, Pylos, Greece STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research Pub Date : 2017-10-31 G. Tsairis, E. Palamara, N. Zacharias, M. Cosmopoulos
ABSTRACT The objective of the present study is to conduct a non-destructive characterisation analysis of three fresco fragments from Iklaina, southern Peloponnese, Greece, in order to identify their manufacture techniques. Furthermore, this study aims at using the results of the scientific and analytical analyses to produce accurate replicas of these fragments (use of similar composition mortars, pigments