ABSTRACT Archaeological and historical research combined with material science help to understand the development of building material and construction technology of the Middle Ages. The natural sciences, especially mortar characterisation and scientific dating have allowed new insights into mechanical mortar mixing which has been introduced and used mainly in the early medieval period between AD 500 and 1000. This paper combines the results of the pan-European archaeological research project RESTOMO with that of the interdisciplinary SNF-project “Mortar technology and construction history” at the UNESCO-world heritage site of Müstair monastery. Müstair so far is the only site with six mortar mixers from two periods. The comparison of the mortar samples from the mixers with samples from the building remains has proven to be challenging and partly contradicts the previous correlation of mortar mixers with archaeologically established building phases. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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追踪技术变革–在中世纪早期的欧洲和瑞士Müstair修道院生产机械砂浆

摘要考古和历史研究与材料科学相结合有助于了解中世纪建筑材料和建筑技术的发展。自然科学，尤其是砂浆的表征和科学定年，使人们对机械砂浆的混合有了新的认识，这种混合主要是在公元500至1000年的中世纪早期引入和使用的。本文结合了泛欧洲考古研究项目RESTOMO的结果。以及联合国教科文组织世界遗产Müstair修道院的跨学科SNF项目“砂浆技术和建筑历史”。到目前为止，Müstair是唯一一个在两个时期内配备六台砂浆搅拌机的站点。事实证明，将搅拌机中的砂浆样品与建筑物残余物中的样品进行比较具有挑战性，并且在一定程度上与先前的考古学中确定的建筑阶段中的砂浆搅拌机的相关性相矛盾。图形概要