ABSTRACT This work presents a complex metallographic examination of bronze, silver and golden artefacts from early medieval German (Gepid) cemeteries of the Hungarian Plain, focusing on the finds from Tiszapüspöki.A newly developed non-destructive X-ray diffraction method was applied on the artefacts for the first time, as a novel approach, for sampling-free residual stress measurements. Other techniques such as optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry has also been used. In addition to residual stress, crystallographic texture and properties of the reflections were analysed as well. The combined application of these methods was found to be an effective tool to deduce the production technologies of the examined artefacts. In addition to defining the characteristics of the material structures and compositions on the surfaces of the artefacts, the typical traces of several technological methods as casting, forming, coating were detected which are used for making various types of artefacts.

中文翻译：

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匈牙利大平原上喜剧的青铜和银扣的复杂金相研究（5至6美分）。

摘要这项工作介绍了匈牙利平原中世纪德国早期（Gepid）墓地的青铜，银和金制品的复杂金相检查，重点是Tiszapüspöki的发现，并在其上采用了新开发的无损X射线衍射方法。文物首次作为一种新方法用于无样本残余应力测量。还已经使用了诸如光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜与能量色散光谱法相结合的其他技术。除了残余应力外，还分析了晶体结构和反射特性。发现这些方法的组合应用是推论所检查的人工制品的生产技术的有效工具。