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NOUVEAUX FRAGMENTS DE KITĀB AL-FUTYĀ D'AL-ǦĀḤIẒ DANS LES MAQĀLĀT D'ABŪ AL-QĀSIM AL-BALḪĪ Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Ziad Bou Akl
RésuméLes maqālāt d'Abū Qāsim al-Balḫī contiennent un certain nombre de passages consacrés aux questions de théorie juridique. La source la plus importante qu'on y trouve est un ensemble d'extraits de K. al-futyā, un traité juridique d'al-Ǧāḥiẓ dont il ne restait jusqu’à présent que des fragments renfermant les critiques adressées par al-Naẓẓām aux compagnons du Prophète. Dans cet article, je fournis
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LES ŠĪʿITES DANS LES MAQĀLĀT D'AL-BALḪĪ ET AL-AŠʿARĪ: TRANSMISSIONS TEXTUELLES ET ENJEUX HISTORIOGRAPHIQUES Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Dariouche Kechavarzi
RésuméLa récente parution de l’édition complète des Maqālāt ahl al-qibla d'Abū l-Qāsim al-Balḫī (m. 319/931) ouvre de nouvelles perspectives sur l'histoire de la construction de la tradition doxographique musulmane. À travers une comparaison des Maqālāt d’al-Balḫī et des Maqālāt al-islāmiyyīn wa-ḫtilāf al-muṣallīn d’Abū l-Ḥasan al-Ašʿarī (m. 324/935-6), cet article démontre qu'al-Balḫī est la source
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RETOUR SUR LA POLÉMIQUE ENTRE ABŪ BAKR AL-RĀZĪ ET ABŪ AL-QĀSIM AL-BALḪĪ: CONJECTURE SUR UN ÉCHO DU KITĀB AL-ZUMURRUD D'IBN AL-RĀWANDĪ DANS LES MAṬĀLIB AL-ʿĀLIYA DE FAḪR AL-DĪN AL-RĀZĪ Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Marwan Rashed
RésuméLe présent article revient sur la polémique entre Abū Bakr al-Rāzī et Abū al-Qāsim al-Balḫī. En s'appuyant sur le témoignage du Kitāb taṯbīt dalāʾil al-nubuwwa du Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Ǧabbār, on montre que les deux philosophes ont dû s'affronter à la cour d'Aḥmad b. Sahl al-Marwazī, gouverneur de Balḫ, durant les années 910, et que la virulence du ton de leur échange s'explique surtout par ce contexte
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NONREDUCTIVE THEORIES OF SENSE-PERCEPTION IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF KALĀM Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Fedor Benevich
In this article, I will argue that various scholars of kalām unanimously agree that sense-perception is something beyond the physical processes in the sense organs. There may be something happening in our eyes when we see a red apple, but seeing a red apple is not tantamount to it. We will see that some scholars of kalām argue that sense-perception is akin to being aware or conscious of the object
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AVERROES’ “EPISTLE ON DIVINE KNOWLEDGE” AS A DIALECTICAL WORK: BETWEEN FORBIDDEN INTERPRETATION AND PHILOSOPHICAL TRAINING Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Yehuda Halper
Averroes’ “Epistle on Divine Knowledge” presents four different dialogues on two textual levels. These dialogues, the syllogistic structure of the arguments in them, and their use of contradictories indicate that the “Epistle on Divine Knowledge” is structured nearly entirely in accordance with the descriptions of dialectic we find in Averroes’ commentaries on Aristotle's Topica. Accordingly, Averroes’
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AL-SUHRAWARDĪ’S PHILOSOPHY CONTEXTUALIZED Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Frank Griffel
When in 1868, Alfred von Kremer (1828–89) in his Geschichte der herrschenden Ideen des Islams (“History of the Ruling Ideas of Islam”) introduced al-Suhrawardī for the first time to a Western readership, he presented him as a freethinking Sufi devoted to “theosophy.” In a long chapter on Sufism, al-Suhrawardī appears under the heading “anti-Islamic tendencies.” Von Kremer characterized al-Suhrawardī's
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“SUBJECT GENERALITY” AND DISTRIBUTION IN MEDIEVAL ARABIC SYLLOGISTIC Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Khaled El-Rouayheb
A relatively well-known medieval Latin innovation is the doctrine of distributive supposition. This notion came to be used in syllogistic theory in the late medieval and early modern periods, as Latin logicians sought to establish general rules for syllogistic productivity across the various figures. It is much less well-known that some logicians in the medieval Arabic tradition also attempted to establish
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AVICENNA ON THE IMPOSSIBILIA THE LETTER ON THE SOUL REVISITED Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Seyed N. Mousavian
The Letter on the Soul is interesting and significant; it attempts to tackle fundamental problems that fall on the borderlines of psychology, epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and logic. The consensus among Avicenna scholars is that The Letter is Avicenna’s. In this paper, I will argue against this consensus. I will examine the philosophical and logical content of The Letter, as well as
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CROSS-REFERENCE BETWEEN LOGIC AND PSYCHOLOGY IN IBN SĪNĀ’S THEORY OF EXPERIENCE (TAǦRIBA) Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Yu Hoki
RésuméCet article démontre que la théorie de l’expérience (taǧriba) d’Ibn Sīnā nécessite une référence croisée entre la logique et la psychologie. Suivant la tradition linguistique basrane, il paraphrase les noms dérivés (ism muštaqq) dans la formule li-x y (« y appartient à x ») : par exemple, ʿālim (« savoir ») est paraphrasé en lahu ʿilm (« un acte de savoir lui appartient »). Sa théorie de l’expérience
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A FIFTEENTH-CENTURY OTTOMAN SOLUTION TO THE LIAR PARADOX BY ḪAṬĪBZĀDE MUḤYIDDĪN Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Yusuf Daşdemir
This paper deals with a solution to the infamous liar paradox, usually known in the Arabic literature as Maġlaṭat al-ǧaḏr al-aṣamm. The solution is raised by a fifteenth-century Ottoman treatise that is attributed, among others, to Ḫaṭībzāde Muḥyiddīn Efendī. The paper also compares it with the solution by the contemporary Persian philosopher, Ǧalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī. The short treatise devoted to the
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NOTE: A GREEK SCHOLIUM IN THE CORPUS GABIRIANUM Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Nicolás Bamballi
Kitāb muḫtaṣar waǧīz fī l-usṭuqussāt § 1, 1 p. 63, l. 6ff. Bos-Langermann: inna Arisṭūṭālīsa ḥadda l-usṭuqussa fī kitābihi l-mawsūmi bi-Kitābi s-samāʾi bi-an qāla: al-usṭuqussu huwa š-šayʾu llaḏī minhu {mā}3 yatakawwanu {mā huwa lahū usṭuqussun} 〈š-šayʾu〉 kawnan awwaliyyan wa-huwa mawǧūdun fī l-mukawwani immā bi-l-quwwati wa-immā bi-l-fiʿli. wa-ammā fī kitābihī fī-Mā baʿda ṭ-ṭabīʿiyyāti (!) fa-innahū
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DE SIMPLICIUS À ḤUNAYN: LA TRANSMISSION D'UNE DOXOGRAPHIE DANS LES RÉSUMÉS AU TRAITÉ SUR LES ÉLÉMENTS DE GALIEN Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Mathilde Brémond
RésuméCet article s’intéresse à deux doxographies présentes dans des résumés et abrégés de Ḥunayn au traité Sur les Éléments de Galien. Nous retraçons l’origine de ces doxographies, depuis des scolies grecques au traité galénique jusqu’au Commentaire à la Physique de Simplicius, dont nous montrons qu’il en est la source ultime. Nous indiquons aussi que le Commentaire de Simplicius a inspiré une interprétation
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IBN AL-HAYṮAM, SUR LE MIROIR ARDENT PARABOLIQUE Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Roshdi Rashed
RésuméCet article comporte l’editio princeps du traité d’Ibn al-Hayṯam « Sur le miroir ardent parabolique », Fī al-marāyā al-muḥriqa bi-al-quṭūʿ, ainsi que sa première traduction en français. Nous examinons la place qu’il occupe dans l’histoire du miroir parabolique durant plus d’un millénaire et demi, aussi bien en grec qu’en arabe et en latin.
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THE MISSING LOGIC: TRACES OF A LOST BOOK ON HYPOTHETICAL SYLLOGISTIC IN AVICENNA'S RISĀLA MŪǦAZA FĪ UṢŪL AL-MANṬIQ Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Silvia Di Vincenzo
Do Avicenna’s extant works preserve any trace of his now-lost early philosophical production? This paper considers a hitherto neglected text, namely the chapter “On Hypothetical Propositions” from Avicenna’s “Concise Treatise on the Principles of Logic” (Risāla mūǧaza fī uṣūl al-manṭiq, henceforth: RM). The new evidence offered by the RM chapter in question will lead to a different reading of another
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AL-RĀZĪ ON THE THEOLOGIANS’ MATERIALISM Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Amal A. Awad
Late in his intellectual life, Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī espoused a dualistic position on the nature of the soul, denying that the soul is in any sense a material body. This view, which in broad terms concurs with Avicenna’s, sets al-Rāzī in opposition to the theologians’ materialistic stance. To make his position clear, in his last work Almaṭālib al-Rāzī sets out a comprehensive case for the theologians’
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AFTER THE ENLIGHTENMENT: THE REDISCOVERY OF AVERROES BY TIEDEMANN AND HERDER Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Stefan Schick
Both Arabic modernists and Western humanists often regard the Muslim philosopher Averroes as one of the earliest precursors of Kant and the European Enlightenment. In contrast to this reputation, this paper argues that it was Kant’s critics Herder and Tiedemann who rediscovered Averroes. Tiedemann was the first German historiographer to give an accurate account of Averroes’ thought. This was accompanied
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EXERCISING IMPARTIALITY TO FAVOR ARISTOTLE: AVICENNA AND “THE ACCOMPLISHED ANATOMISTS” (AṢḤĀB AL-TAŠRĪḤ AL-MUḤAṢṢILŪNA) Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Tommaso Alpina
This article analyses Avicenna's Ḥayawān III, 1, which deals with the well-known disagreement between physicians and philosophers on the origination of blood vessels (arteries and veins) and nerves. However, the proposed analysis is not limited to this chapter and its main topic. The more general purpose of this article is to reconstruct the psycho-medical context in which Avicenna's exposition lies
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AVICENNA ON HUMAN SELF-INTELLECTION Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Boris Hennig
I argue that Avicenna allows for at least one case where we can intellectually grasp a particular individual as such: Each human intellect can intellect itself as numerically this one intellect without relying on any general notion or concept. This is because humans can retain their individuality when separated from their bodies. I discuss passages in which Avicenna appears to affirm and deny that
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CORRECTING PTOLEMY AND ARISTOTLE: IBN AL-ṢALĀḤ ON MISTAKES IN THE ALMAGEST, ON THE HEAVENS, AND POSTERIOR ANALYTICS Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Paul Hullmeine
The polymath Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ (d. 1154 CE) is known for a number of comparatively small treatises on specific aspects of ancient Greek mathematical and philosophical works. He devotes many of his works to greater or smaller errors that he found in the works by Euclid, Ptolemy, and Aristotle. The aim of the present paper, which focuses on three treatises on Ptolemy and Aristotle, is to describe Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ’s
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PSEUDO-EUCLIDE, PSEUDO-PTOLÉMÉE ET THIASOS SUR LES MIROIRS Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-02-11 Roshdi Rashed
Parmi les écrits consacrés à la réflexion des rayons « visuels» et solaires sur les différents miroirs, il en existe deux, qui ont précédé bien d'autres, et qui occupent une position centrale dans l'histoire de la catoptrique : l'un est attribué à Euclide, l'autre à Ptolémée. À ces deux noms, on en ajoute un troisième jusqu'ici inconnu, Thiasos. Dans cet article, nous reprenons l'histoire textuelle
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ON SOME AMBIGUITIES IN IBN SĪNĀ’S ANALYSIS OF THE QUANTIFIED HYPOTHETICAL PROPOSITIONS Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-02-11 Saloua Chatti
In his analysis of the hypothetical (šarṭīyya) connected (muttaṣila) and disjunctive (munfaṣila) propositions (Al-qiyās, section V), Ibn Sīnā suggests that they can be quantified and presents in section VI a hypothetical system containing the conditional ones, which is exactly parallel to categorical syllogistic and makes use of the same conversion rules and the same proofs. In section VII, he provides
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REREADING METAPHYSICS Ε2-3: ARISTOTLE'S ARGUMENT AGAINST DETERMINISM, AND HOW AVERROES TWISTED IT IN HIS LONG COMMENTARY Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2022-02-11 Dustin Klinger
In the fresh reading proposed here of the still not satisfactorily interpreted passages in Metaphysics Ε2-3, Aristotle emerges as making a case against determinism based on a robust notion of the accident. Accidental beings are uncaused causes and have their rightful place in Aristotle's ontology. The resulting physical indeterminism is here used as a litmus test for the exegetical practice of the
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HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY IN A PASSAGE OF THE KITĀB AL-ĀṮĀR AL-BĀQIYA BY AL-BĪRŪNĪ Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 Massimiliano Borroni, Vladimiro Boselli
The authors translate and comment a digression from the Kitāb al-āṯār al-bāqiya on several hydraulic and hydrological subjects. The passage reveals al-Bīrūnī’s understanding of fluvial regimes, water physical behaviour, and of a handful of peculiar natural phenomena. Al-Bīrūnī departs from a discussion of weather forecast and seasonal fluvial regimes of the Tigris, Euphrates, Oxus, and Nile. The main
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THE SCIENCES OF THE ANCIENTS AND THEIR DIVISIONS AQSĀM ʿULŪM AL-AWĀʾIL: A TEXT ATTRIBUTED TO AVICENNA, AN EDITION WITH A BRIEF INTRODUCTION Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 Mohammad Javad Esmaeili
The famous philosopher and scientist Abū ʿAlī b. Sīnā (d. 428/1037) had an exceptional command of all the subjects on which he wrote. He is especially known for his many writings in logic, philosophy, and medicine. His influence was such that even in Europe, his works on physics, metaphysics and medicine in particular, were widely studied until the beginning of modern times. A keen mind, he had a full
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PAUL KRAUS, RICHARD WALZER, AND GALEN'S COM. TIM. Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 Aileen R. Das
A key work for the study of pre-modern Platonism, Galen's (d. ca. 217 CE) “Synopsis of Plato's Timaeus” (Com. Tim.) is served solely by an “imperfect” 1951 edition that presents for the first time the surviving Arabic text and translates it into Latin. The editors of the “Plato Arabus” series of the Corpus Platonicum, to which the edition belongs, blamed its flaws on the untimely death of Paul Kraus
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NOTE : UN TÉMOIN ARABE DU FRAGMENT 2 DE BOÉTHOS DE SIDON ET LE PROBLÈME DU RAPPORT CHRONOLOGIQUE ENTRE ANDRONICOS ET BOÉTHOS Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 Marwan Rashed
Le fr. 2 de Boéthos de Sidon est transmis par deux commentateurs alexandrins des Catégories d'Aristote. En voici le texte grec:[2a] Ioannes Philoponus, In Aristotelis Categorias commentarium, 5.15-20Τρίτον ἦν ἐφεξῆς κεφάλαιον τὸ πόθεν δεῖ ἄρχεσθαι τῶν Ἀριστοτελι-[16]κῶν συγγραμμάτων. Βόηθος μὲν οὖν φησιν ὁ Σιδώνιος δεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς [17] φυσικῆς ἄρχεσθαι πραγματείας ἅτε ἡμῖν συνηθεστέρας καὶ γνωρίμου, δεῖν
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NOTE: BOETHUS FR. 44 RASHED Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 Nicolás Bamballi
The Arabic text of Boethus fr. 44 Rashed has, pace Rashed (p. 266), a parallel in a Greek scholium to Galen's De elementis ex Hippocratis sententia. The scholium occurs in the sets of scholia to De elem. in Paris BNF suppl. gr. 634 (= Π; saec. xii) and in El Escorial Φ.II.15 (= Σ; saec. xiii). The former set was edited by G. Helmreich in Handschriftliche Studien zu Galen, vol. I. The relevant passage
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AVICENNA, FῙ AL-ʾUMŪR AL-KULLIYYA MIN ʿILM AL-ṬIBB, ED. NAJAFGHOLI HABIBI (HAMADAN, 2018) Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 Jules Janssens
That Ibn Sīnā’s “Canon of medicine” figures among the major classics of the history of medicine is doubted by no serious historian of medicine, eastern or western, Islamic or non-Islamic alike. It is therefore all the more surprising that so far no serious critical edition of this text was available. Certainly, a first, very timid step toward a really critical edition (published during the years 1982-1996)
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USE OF THE GALAXY AS A TOOL FOR SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ORIENTATION DURING THE EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD AND UP TO THE 15TH CENTURY Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Andreas Eckart
We study to what extent the Milky Way was used as an orientation tool at the beginning of the Islamic period covering the 8th to the 15th century, with a focus on the first half of that era. We compare the texts of three authors from three different periods and give detailed comments on their astronomical and traditional content. The text of al-Marzūqī summarises the information on the Milky Way put
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ʾABŪ SAʿĪD AL-SIǦZĪ AND THE “STRUCTURE OF THE ORBS,” THE EARLIEST KNOWN WORK ON HAYʾA Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Younes Mahdavi
ʾAbū Saʿīd al-Siǧzī was a prominent fourth/tenth century astronomer and mathematician who was one of the first contributors to the new genre of ʿilm al-hayʾa (science of the configuration). However, little is known about the initial steps taken in the formation of the discipline, or its independence from other astronomical writings and practices. In this paper, I will discuss new findings about Siǧzī’s
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AVICENNA ON GRASPING MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Mohammad Saleh Zarepour
According to Avicenna, some of the objects of mathematics exist and some do not. Every existing mathematical object is a non-sensible connotational attribute of a physical object and can be perceived by the faculty of estimation. Non-existing mathematical objects can be represented and perceived by the faculty of imagination through separating and combining parts of the images of existing mathematical
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AL-ʿAQL DANS LA TRADITION LATINE DU LIBER DE CAUSIS Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Dragos Calma
RésuméL'article propose une première approche systématique de la tradition manuscrite du Liber de causis, en étudiant à la fois les variantes manuscrites et les difficultés doctrinales suscitées par la translittération de l'arabe al-ʿaql conservée dans la traduction latine. Certains médiévaux (tel Albert le Grand) l'entendent comme un concept sans équivalent en latin, forgé par des philosophes arabes
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NOTE SUR L'EXTRACTION DE LA RACINE CARRÉE D'UN ENTIER CHEZ IBN AL-HAYṮAM ET COMPARAISON AVEC AL-BAĠDĀDĪ Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Leïla Hamouda, Yassine Hachaichi
Dans le cadre des algorithmes numériques introduits et élaborés par les mathématiciens arabes, à partir du ixe siècle, figure l'algorithme de l'extraction de la racine carrée d'un entier naturel. Cet algorithme a été étudié chez plusieurs d'entre eux et surtout bien expliqué par alBaġdādī (mort vers 1037) dans le chapitre « Comment extraire la racine des nombres entiers » de son livre « La complétion
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ḤUNAYN IBN ISḤĀQ'S CONCEPTION OF HIS READING PUBLIC ACCORDING TO A PREVIOUSLY UNPUBLISHED LETTER Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 Coleman Connelly
This article presents an edition, translation, and analysis of a prefatory letter addressed by the Galen translator Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq (d. 873) to one of his East-Syrian Christian patrons, the physician Salmawayh ibn Bunān (d. 840). Ḥunayn composed this Letter to Salmawayh ibn Bunān in Syriac, but it survives only in his nephew's Arabic translation. Since its discovery over eighty years ago, the text
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ABŪ HĀŠIM AL-ǦUBBĀʾĪ, ALGÈBRE ET INFÉRENCE Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 Marwan Rashed
RésuméCet article vise à restituer la doctrine du « signe du manifeste au caché » d'Abū Hāšim al-Ğubbāʾī (888-933). Il montre qu'Abū Hāšim a tendu à interpréter ce signe comme une inférence, dont il a reconnu deux types principaux : le type-1 (la « communauté de preuve », al-ištirāk fī al-dalāla) procède par déduction analytique de concepts en neutralisant les conditions de réalisation de ces derniers
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PERCEIVING THINGS IN THEMSELVES: ABŪ L-BARAKĀT AL-BAĠDĀDĪ’S CRITIQUE OF REPRESENTATIONALISM Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 Fedor Benevich
What are the proper objects of perception? Two famous responses to this question hold that they are either the images of extramental objects, that is, the way in which they appear to us (representationalism), or they are the objects themselves (direct realism). In this paper, I present an analysis of this issue by Abū l-Barakāt al-Baġdādī (d. 1164/65), a post-Avicennian scholar whose impact on the
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AHMAD S. DALLAL, ISLAM WITHOUT EUROPE : TRADITIONS OF REFORM IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ISLAMIC THOUGHT Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 Anne-Laure Dupont
L'idée de réforme en islam – ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler en français, depuis les années 1930, le « réformisme musulman » – reste couramment associée aux discours, systèmes de pensée et idéologies qui se développèrent dans les pays musulmans, en gros du milieu du xixe siècle au milieu du xxe siècle, à la fois en réaction à la domination économique, culturelle, militaire et coloniale européenne et
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Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, Doutes sur Galien, introduction, edition and French translation by Pauline Koetschet (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019), cxxxviii-347 p. Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 Fabian Käs
Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, Doutes sur Galien, introduction, edition and French translation by Pauline Koetschet (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019), cxxxviii-347 p. One of the crucial questions often posed concerning the natural sciences of the Islamicate Middle Ages is that of their innovativeness. Especially regarding medicine, it was a commonplace point of criticism since the early modern period that its
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ON THE LATIN SOURCE OF THE ITALIAN VERSION OF ALHACEN'S DE ASPECTIBUS (VAT. LAT. 4595) Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 Dominique Raynaud
A comparison of the manuscripts has shown that De li aspecti, the Italian version of Alhacen's De aspectibus, Vat. lat. 4595 (I), was copied from London, British Library, Royal 12.G.vii (L). The discovery of long omissions in L, not reproduced in I, disproves this conclusion. The error has two reasons: a sampling too small, the confusion between phenetic and cladistic approaches.
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RELATION AS KEY TO GOD'S KNOWLEDGE OF PARTICULARS IN THE TAHĀFUT AL-TAHĀFUT AND THE ḌAMĪMA: A CROSS-TALK BETWEEN AVERROES, AL-ĠAZĀLĪ AND AVICENNA Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 Jean-Baptiste Brenet
This article deals with the divine knowledge of particulars in Averroes’ Tahāfut al-tahāfut and Ḍamīma. It examines how the concept of relation, generally neglected, is at the heart of the dispute between Avicenna, al-Ġazālī, and the Commentator. In al-Ġazālī’s eyes, Avicenna's misconception of divine knowledge “in a universal way” is based on a misuse of relation in the case of God's knowledge. If
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IBN AL-HAYTHAM ET LE MOUVEMENT D'ENROULEMENT Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 Roshdi Rashed, Erwan Penchèvre
In the Almagest, Ptolemy proposed the concept of winding motion, especially to explain planetary latitudes. Ibn al-Haytham (beginning 11th c.) wrote a treatise entitled Fī ḥarakat al-iltifāf, “Concerning the winding motion”. An anonymous scholar wrote a refutation of this treatise. Both texts have been lost; but the answer of Ibn al-Haytham has survived: Fī ḥall šukūk ḥarakat al-iltifāf, “The resolution
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IBN AL-HAYTHAM, IBN SĪNĀ, AL-ṬŪSĪ : ÉGALITÉ OU CONGRUENCE Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-08-12 Roshdi Rashed
As their greek predecessors, mathematicians and arab-speaking philosophers raised several important epistemological questions. One of those questions concerns the concept of equality and the concept of congruence of geometric magnitudes. What was the meaning of such concepts? How were they related to the idea of movement? Answers to these questions were often combining metric elements and other, philosophical
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AVICENNA'S INFLUENCE ON MAIMONIDES' “EPISTLE ON ASTROLOGY” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-08-12 Elon Harvey
This paper shows for the first time that Maimonides significantly relied on Avicenna's “Refutation of astrology” (Al-Išāra ilā fasād ῾ilm aḥkām al-nujūm) when composing his own refutation, the “Epistle on astrology” (῾Al Gezērat ha-kōkhabīm). Maimonides consulted a copy of Avicenna's Refutation, partially using its structure as a model for his Epistle, and adapting some of its arguments. Therefore
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Raggetti Lucia, ῾Īsā ibn ῾Alī’s Book on the useful properties of animal parts: Edition, translation and study of a fluid tradition (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018), xxxvi-591 p. Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-08-12 Fabian Käs
Lucia Raggetti, ̔Īsā ibn ̔Alī’s Book on the useful properties of animal parts: Edition, translation and study of a fluid tradition (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018), xxxvi-591 p. In the volume reviewed here, Lucia Raggetti presents an outstanding editio princeps and English translation of an early fundamental Arabic work on the medico-magic science of sympathetic qualities. The book of over 600 folio
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AḤMAD B. AL-ṬAYYIB AL-SARAḪSĪ, RÉVISEUR DE L’INTRODUCTION ARITHMÉTIQUE DE NICOMAQUE DE GÉRASE ET RÉDACTEUR DES RASĀ᾿IL IḪWĀN AL-ṢAFĀ᾿ Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-08-12 Guillaume de Vaulx D'Arcy
Before Ṯābit b. Qurra's translation, there was a first Arabic version of Nicomachus’ Introduction to arithmetic. Full of mistakes, it was revised by an anonymous student of al-Kindī. Thanks to the part that Freudenthal and Levy have edited and translated, we are now able to identify this reviser as Aḥmad b. al-Ṭayyib al-Saraḫsī, who we also identified as the author of the Rasā᾿il Iḫwān al-Ṣafā᾿. The
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IBN RAḤĪQ'S TEXT ON THE MILKY WAY: PERCEPTION OF THE MILKY WAY IN THE EARLY ISLAMIC SOCIETY Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-08-12 Andreas Eckart
Ibn Raḥīq is an 11th century scholar who compiled a book on popular astronomy. This work included a section in which he summarizes basic knowledge of the Milky Way as it was wide spread in the first centuries after the hejira. Ibn Raḥīq gives a comprehensive overview of the perception of the Milky Way that reaches from its use as a test for knowledge of the religious tradition and for agricultural
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AS DROPS IN THEIR SEA: ANGELOLOGY THROUGH ONTOLOGY IN FAḪR AL-DĪN AL-RĀZĪ’S AL-MAṬĀLIB AL-῾ĀLIYA Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-08-12 Nora Jacobsen Ben Hammed
In this article, I examine key passages from the Aš῾arite theologian Faḫr al- Dīn al-Rāzī’s (d. 606/1210) final work, Al-Maṭālib al-῾āliya (“ The lofty inquiries ”), in order to theorize Rāzī’s cosmology and angelology. In his attempt to prove the existence of these beings, Rāzī divides reality into material and intelligible realms. Angels, which signify the celestial intellects and spheres, exist
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AN EXCEPTIONAL SAGE AND THE NEED FOR THE MESSENGER: THE POLITICS OF FIṬRA IN A 12TH-CENTURY TALE Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-08-12 Raissa A. von Doetinchem de Rande
This paper argues that Ibn Ṭufayl (d. 1185) in his Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān offers a surprisingly intellectual reading of the term fiṭra (pl. fiṭar) and one that has significant consequences for our understanding of the story. We will see that at crucial junctures in the text, fiṭra emerges solely in an intellectual context, implying a gulf amongst humanity that defies common understandings of the term as egalitarian
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ONE ASPECT OF THE AVICENNIAN TURN IN SUNNĪ THEOLOGY Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-05-06 ROBERT WISNOVSKY
Most scholars of Islamic intellectual history now agree on the distortedness of the traditional Western portrayal of al-Ġazālī (d. 1111) as the defender of Muslim orthodoxy whose Incoherence of the Philosophers (Tahāfut al-falāsifa) was such a powerful critique that it caused the annihilation of philosophical activity in Islamic civilization. Some in fact are coming to the conclusion that al-Ġazālī's
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THÉORIE DES COMÈTES ET OBSERVATIONS INÉDITES EN OCCIDENT MUSULMAN Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-01-30 Mohamed Reda Bekli, Ilhem Chadou, Djamil Aissani
In this paper, we present the Aristotelian theory of comets, which is well known in the Muslim West through the commentaries of Ibn Rušd and Ibn Bāǧǧa. This aspect is covered three centuries later in an unknown manuscript attributed to the famous mathematician Ibn Ġāzī al-Miknāsī (1437-1513), and this text is not present in the known list of his works. The author devotes a part of his manuscript to
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THE LOGIC OF AVICENNA BETWEEN AL-QIYĀS AND MANṬIQ AL-MAŠRIQIYYĪN Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-01-30 Saloua Chatti
Avicenna's logic is presented in many treatises, of which the most important is Al-Qiyās (Prior analytics), which is included in his encyclopaedic book Al-Šifā’. But the treatise entitled Manṭiq al-mašriqiyyīn is said to express Avicenna's own logic by some commentators. One can thus ask: is this treatise in conflict with Al-Qiyās and the other logical writings? In this paper, we will answer this question
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UN LEMME D'ANALYSE DONT USE IBN AL-HAYTHAM EN GNOMONIQUE, DIOPTRIQUE ET CINÉMATIQUE CÉLESTE Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-01-30 Erwan Penchèvre
In several places and for different purposes, Ibn al-Haytham has studied the variations of a well-known function. The context of these applications reveals some characteristics of Ibn al-Haytham's mathematical and physical thought. An in-depth study of his mathematical proofs of monotony show how close he was from an elaborate concept of the continuous.
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THE MERCURY MODELS OF IBN AL-ŠĀṬIR AND COPERNICUS Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-01-30 Sajjad Nikfahm-Khubravan, F. Jamil Ragep
Copernicus' complex Mercury model in De revolutionibus is virtually identical, geometrically, to Ibn al-Šāṭir's (ca. 1305 – ca. 1375). However, the model in his earlier Commentariolus is different and in many ways unworkable. This has led some to claim that the younger Copernicus did not understand his predecessor's model; others have maintained that Copernicus was working totally independently of
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DÉMONSTRATION PAR L'ABSURDE OU DÉMONSTRATION DIRECTE: AL-SIJZĪ, SUR L'INCOMMENSURABILITÉ DE LA DIAGONALE AVEC LE CÔTÉ Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2019-01-30 Roshdi Rashed
In this paper, I examine the opposition between direct proof and proof per impossibile, introduced by al-Sijzī (second half of the 10th century) in his treatise entitled The side is not commensurable with the diagonal. From this example he gives to illustrate this opposition, al-Sijzī argues the superiority of the direct proof. In this paper, I also give the editio princeps of his treatise, as well
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THE STATUS OF THE SPIRIT IN AL-MUSTAMLĪ AL-BUḪĀRĪ’S ŠARḤ AL-TA‘ARRUF: CASE STUDY OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF ḤANAFITE SUFISM, SUNNĪ KALĀM AND AVICENNISM IN THE FIFTH / ELEVENTH CENTURY TRANSOXIANA Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2018-08-10 Salimeh Maghsoudlou
RésuméLa première partie de cet article est consacrée à la présentation d'al-Mustamlī al-Buḫārī et du commentaire volumineux qu'il a rédigé sur al-Ta‘rruf li-maḏhab altaṣawwuf d'al-Kalābāḏī. Al-Mustamlī et al-Kalābāḏī avaient, tous les deux, un grand penchant pour les discussions de kalām et al-Mustamlī s'est étendu sur nombre de questions théologiques dans son commentaire, le Šarḥ al-Ta‘arruf. Au
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CHOSE, ITEM ET DISTINCTION : L’« HOMME VOLANT » D'AVICENNE AVEC ET CONTRE ABŪ HĀŠIM AL-ǦUBBĀ’Ī Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2018-08-10 Marwan Rashed
This article explores the intimate connection between Avicenna's “flying man” argument and the theory of modes in the school of Abū Hāšim al-Ǧubbā’ī (d. 933). It shows that Avicenna borrows arguments developed originally by Abū Hāšim in order to demonstrate that a definite mode belongs to the living being as a whole (ǧumla). He argues for the incorporeality of soul on the basis of this departure from
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THE SIMPLICITY OF SELF-KNOWLEDGE AFTER AVICENNA Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2018-08-10 Peter Adamson
Alongside his much-discussed theory that humans are permanently, if only tacitly, self-aware, Avicenna proposed that in actively conscious self-knowers the subject and object of thought are identical. He applies to both humans and God the slogan that the self-knower is “intellect, intellecting, and object of intellection (‘aql, ‘āqil, ma‘qūl)”. This paper examines reactions to this idea in the Islamic
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A NEW “EDITION” OF ḤUNAYN'S RISĀLA Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2018-08-10 Dimitri Gutas
One of the most important medieval documents in the history of medicine and scholarship, and of culture in general, is doubtless the bibliographical treatise (“epistle”, Risāla) by Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (808-873) addressed to his patron and patron of the arts, the gentleman courtier ‘Alī b. Yaḥyā b. al-Munaǧǧim (d. 275 / 888-889), listing the translations of Galen into Syriac and Arabic. Its transmission
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THE SOUL OF, THE SOUL IN ITSELF, AND THE FLYING MAN EXPERIMENT Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2018-08-10 Tommaso Alpina
In Avicenna's Nafs there are two investigations that run in parallel from its very beginning: (a) the investigation of the soul as a relational entity, always considered in connection with the body, and (b) that of the human soul in itself. Both investigations aim at ascertaining the existence and the essence of the soul, in relation to the body, of which it is the soul, and in itself respectively
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REJET, FASCINATION, UTILISATION: LA RENAISSANCE ET LA PENSEE ARABE Arabic Sciences and Philosophy (IF 0.3) Pub Date : 2018-05-09 Joël Biard
L'ouvrage de Dag Nikolaus Hasse ouvre à nouveau le dossier de la présence et de l'importance de la science et de la philosophie arabes à la Renaissance. Il estime que cette question a trop souvent été traitée de façon partisane, soit pour valoriser a priori l'importance de la pensée arabe dans le développement des sciences en Occident, soit pour valider a posteriori son rejet. Il convient de reprendre