This article explores the intimate connection between Avicenna's “flying man” argument and the theory of modes in the school of Abū Hāšim al-Ǧubbā’ī (d. 933). It shows that Avicenna borrows arguments developed originally by Abū Hāšim in order to demonstrate that a definite mode belongs to the living being as a whole (ǧumla). He argues for the incorporeality of soul on the basis of this departure from Aristotelian and Neoplatonic psychology and modal ontology. Here one sees Avicenna's subtle engagement with a thinker to whose writings he reacted critically, yet whom he very likely saw as one of the greatest metaphysicians to write in Arabic.

中文翻译：

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CHOSE, ITEM ET DISTINCTION : L'« HOMME VOLANT » D'AVICENNE AVEC ET CONTRE ABŪ HĀŠIM AL-ǦUBBĀ'Ī

本文探讨了阿维森纳的“飞人”论点与 Abū Hāšim al-Ǧubbā'ī（卒于 933 年）学派的模态理论之间的密切联系。它表明阿维森纳借用了最初由 Abū Hāšim 提出的论点，以证明一种确定的模式属于作为一个整体的生物（ǧumla）。在这种背离亚里士多德和新柏拉图心理学和模态本体论的基础上，他主张灵魂的非物质性。在这里，人们看到了阿维森纳与一位思想家的微妙接触，他对他的著作做出了批判性反应，但他很可能认为他是用阿拉伯语写作的最伟大的形而上学家之一。