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Raman studies of the adipose tissue: Current state-of-art and future perspectives in diagnostics Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-08-09 Krzysztof Czamara, Zuzanna Majka, Ewa Stanek, Natalia Hachlica, Agnieszka Kaczor
The last decades revealed that the adipose tissue shows an unexplored therapeutic potential. In particular, targeting the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), that surrounds blood vessels, can prevent cardiovascular pathologies and browning of the adipose tissue can become an effective strategy against obesity. Therefore, new analytical tools are necessary to analyze this tissue. This review reports
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Lipid-protein interactions regulating the canonical and the non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-07-25 Malvina Pizzuto, Pablo Pelegrin, Jean-Marie Ruysschaert
The inflammatory response is a complex regulated effector mechanism of the innate immune system that is initiated after tissue injury or infection. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an important initiator of inflammation by regulating the activation of caspase-1, the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the induction of pyroptotic cell death. Numerous studies demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome
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Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-07-09 Guanqun Chen, John L. Harwood, M. Joanne Lemieux, Scot J. Stone, Randall J. Weselake
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other
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Very long chain fatty acids Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-07-08 Lucie Kyselová, Milada Vítová, Tomáš Řezanka
Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are important components of various lipid classes in most organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and mammals, including humans. VLCFAs, or very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs), can be defined as fatty acids with 23 or more carbon atoms in the molecule. The main emphasis in this review is on the analysis of these acids, including obtaining standards
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Intestinal fatty acid binding protein: A rising therapeutic target in lipid metabolism Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Xi Huang, Youci Zhou, Yunwei Sun, Qijun Wang
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are key proteins in lipid transport, and the isoforms are segregated according to their tissue origins. Several isoforms, such as adipose-FABP and epidermal-FABP, have been shown to participate in multiple pathologic processes due to their ubiquitous expression. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein, also termed FABP2 or I-FABP, is specifically expressed in the small
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Multiscale lipid membrane dynamics as revealed by neutron spectroscopy Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 V.K. Sharma, E. Mamontov
The plasma membrane is one of the principal structural components of the cell and, therefore, one of the key components of the cellular life. Because the membrane's dynamics links the membrane's structure and function, the complexity and the broad range of the membrane's motions are essential for the enormously diverse functionality of the cell membrane. Even for the main membrane component, the lipid
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Challenges and opportunities for prevention and removal of unwanted variation in lipidomic studies Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Gavriel Olshansky, Corey Giles, Agus Salim, Peter J. Meikle
Large ‘omics studies are of particular interest to population and clinical research as they allow elucidation of biological pathways that are often out of reach of other methodologies. Typically, these information rich datasets are produced from multiple coordinated profiling studies that may include lipidomics, metabolomics, proteomics or other strategies to generate high dimensional data. In lipidomics
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Understanding the nitrolipidome: From chemistry to mass spectrometry and biological significance of modified complex lipids Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-05-27 Bruna Neves, Dolores Pérez-Sala, Helena Beatriz Ferreira, Inês M.S. Guerra, Ana S.P. Moreira, Pedro Domingues, M. Rosário Domingues, Tânia Melo
Complex lipids, phospholipids (PLs) and triacylglycerides (TAGs), are prone to modifications induced by reactive nitrated species and reactive oxygen species, generating a range of nitrated, nitrosated or nitroxidized derivatives, as nitro PLs and nitro TAGs. These modified lipids (epilipids) have been reported in vitro and in vivo using lipidomics approaches. However, their detection in living systems
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The constellation of cholesterol-dependent processes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-05-02 Francisco J. Barrantes
The role of cholesterol in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other coronavirus-host cell interactions is currently being discussed in the context of two main scenarios: i) the presence of the neutral lipid in cholesterol-rich lipid domains involved in different steps of the viral infection and ii) the alteration of metabolic pathways by the virus over the course of infection
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid-derived lipid mediators: Recent advances in the understanding of their biosynthesis, structures, and functions Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Simon C. Dyall, Laurence Balas, Nicolas G. Bazan, J. Thomas Brenna, Nan Chiang, Felipe da Costa Souza, Jesmond Dalli, Thierry Durand, Jean-Marie Galano, Pamela J. Lein, Charles N. Serhan, Ameer Y. Taha
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids, and influence cellular function via effects on membrane properties, and also by acting as a precursor pool for lipid mediators. These lipid mediators are formed via activation of pathways involving at least one step of dioxygen-dependent oxidation, and are consequently called oxylipins. Their biosynthesis can be
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Genetic variation and intestinal cholesterol absorption in humans: A systematic review and a gene network analysis Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-04-04 Fatma B.A. Mokhtar, Jogchum Plat, Ronald P. Mensink
Intestinal cholesterol absorption varies widely between individuals, which may translate into differences in responsiveness to cholesterol-lowering drugs or diets. Therefore, understanding the importance of genetic variation on cholesterol absorption rates and the complex intestinal cholesterol network is important. Based on a systematic review, genetic variants in seven genes (ABCG5, ABCG8, ABO, APOE
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Structural and functional roles of non-bilayer lipid phases of chloroplast thylakoid membranes and mitochondrial inner membranes Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-03-26 Győző Garab, Lev S. Yaguzhinsky, Ondřej Dlouhý, Semen V. Nesterov, Vladimír Špunda, Edward S. Gasanoff
The ‘standard’ fluid-mosaic membrane model can provide a framework for the operation of the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport systems, the generation of the proton motive force (pmf) and its utilization for ATP synthesis according to the chemiosmotic theory. However, this model, with the bilayer organization of all lipid molecules, assigns no function to non-bilayer lipids – while in
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Sphingolipid control of cognitive functions in health and disease Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-03-19 Liubov S. Kalinichenko, Erich Gulbins, Johannes Kornhuber, Christian P. Müller
Cognitive processes, particularly learning and memory, are crucial brain mechanisms mediating the successful adaptation of individuals to constantly changing environmental conditions. Impairments in memory performance during neurodegenerative disorders or dementias affect life quality of patients as well as their relatives and careers, and thus have a severe socio-economic impact. The last decades
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Climate change and n-3 LC-PUFA availability Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-03-14 Karsoon Tan, Hongkuan Zhang, Huaiping Zheng
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are essential fatty acids for the growth, development and survival of virtually all organisms. There is increasing evidence that anthropogenic climate change has a direct and indirect impact on the availability of natural n-3 LC-PUFA. However, this information is fragmented and not well organized. Therefore, this article reviewed published
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Need for more focus on lipid species in studies of biological and model membranes Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-03-11 Tore Skotland, Kirsten Sandvig
The lipid composition of cellular membranes can impact a number of physiological processes such as signaling, cell migration, endocytosis and intracellular transport. In this article we focus on some aspects concerning analysis of lipids and research on lipid structure and function in mammalian cells that in our opinion have not obtained sufficient attention. This includes interleaflet coupling between
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Organelles coordinate milk production and secretion during lactation: Insights into mammary pathologies Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-03-08 Wenting Dai, Robin White, Jianxin Liu, Hongyun Liu
The mammary gland undergoes a spectacular series of changes during its development and maintains a remarkable capacity to remodel and regenerate during progression through the lactation cycle. This flexibility of the mammary gland requires coordination of multiple processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, stress response, immune activity, and metabolic changes under the
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The functions of phospholipases and their hydrolysis products in plant growth, development and stress responses Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-05 Usman Ali, Shaoping Lu, Tarig Fadlalla, Sidra Iqbal, Hong Yue, Bao Yang, Yueyun Hong, Xuemin Wang, Liang Guo
Cell membranes are the initial site of stimulus perception from environment and phospholipids are the basic and important components of cell membranes. Phospholipases hydrolyze membrane lipids to generate various cellular mediators. These phospholipase-derived products, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, inositol phosphates, lysophopsholipids, and free fatty acids, act as second messengers
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Desaturases and elongases involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic animals: From genes to functions Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-01-31 Ó. Monroig, A.C. Shu-Chien, N. Kabeya, D.R. Tocher, L.F.C. Castro
Marine ecosystems are rich in “omega-3” long-chain (C20-24) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Their production has been historically accepted to derive mostly from marine microbes. This long-standing dogma has been challenged recently by the discovery that numerous invertebrates, mostly with an aquatic life-style, have the enzyme machinery necessary for the de novo biosynthesis of polyunsaturated
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Interactions between plant lipid-binding proteins and their ligands Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-01-20 Ze-Hua Guo, Shiu-Cheung Lung, Mohd Fadhli Hamdan, Mee-Len Chye
Lipids participate in diverse biological functions including signal transduction, cellular membrane biogenesis and carbon storage. Following de novo biosynthesis in the plastids, fatty acids (FAs) are transported as acyl-CoA esters to the endoplasmic reticulum where glycerol-3-phosphate undergoes a series of acyl-CoA-dependent acylation via the Kennedy pathway to form triacylglycerols for subsequent
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Coordination of inter-organelle communication and lipid fluxes by OSBP-related proteins Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-01-06 Amita Arora, Juuso H. Taskinen, Vesa M. Olkkonen
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and OSBP-related proteins (ORPs) constitute one of the largest families of lipid-binding/transfer proteins (LTPs) in eukaryotes. The current view is that many of them mediate inter-organelle lipid transfer over membrane contact sites (MCS). The transfer occurs in several cases in a ‘counter-current’ fashion: A lipid such as cholesterol or phosphatidylserine (PS) is
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A new update of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in lipid research Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2022-01-05 Kathrin M. Engel, Patricia Prabutzki, Jenny Leopold, Ariane Nimptsch, Katharina Lemmnitzer, D.R. Naomi Vos, Carsten Hopf, Jürgen Schiller
Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an indispensable tool in modern lipid research since it is fast, sensitive, tolerates sample impurities and provides spectra without major analyte fragmentation. We will discuss some methodological aspects, the related ion-forming processes and the MALDI MS characteristics of the different lipid classes (with the focus
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Lipid nutrition: “In silico” studies and undeveloped experiments Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-11-21 Bill Lands
This review examines lipids and lipid-binding sites on proteins in relation to cardiovascular disease. Lipid nutrition involves food energy from ingested fatty acids plus fatty acids formed from excess ingested carbohydrate and protein. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and lipoproteins have many detailed attributes not evident in their names. Recognizing attributes of lipid-protein interactions decreases
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Dietary lipids from body to brain Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-12-13 Custers, E.M. Emma, Kiliaan, J. Amanda
Dietary habits have drastically changed over the last decades in Western societies. The Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fatty acids (TFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and cholesterol, is accepted as an important factor in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes type 2. Alongside these diseases, nutrition is associated with the
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Too complex to fail? Targeting fatty acid metabolism for cancer therapy Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-11-29 Rimsha Munir, Jan Lisec, Johannes V. Swinnen, Nousheen Zaidi
Given the central role of fatty acids in cancer pathophysiology, the exploitation of fatty acid metabolism as a potential antineoplastic therapy has gained much attention. Several natural and synthetic compounds targeting fatty acid metabolism were hitherto identified, and their effectiveness against cancer cell proliferation and survival was determined. This review will discuss the most clinically
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An updated ANGPTL3-4-8 model as a mechanism of triglyceride partitioning between fat and oxidative tissues Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-11-16 Ren Zhang, Kezhong Zhang
In mammals, triglyceride (TG), the main form of lipids for storing and providing energy, is stored in white adipose tissue (WAT) after food intake, while during fasting it is routed to oxidative tissues (heart and skeletal muscle) for energy production, a process referred to as TG partitioning. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a rate-limiting enzyme in this fundamental physiological process, hydrolyzes circulating
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Mapping the myristoylome through a complete understanding of protein myristoylation biochemistry Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-11-15 Carmela Giglione, Thierry Meinnel
Protein myristoylation is a C14 fatty acid modification found in all living organisms. Myristoylation tags either the N-terminal alpha groups of cysteine or glycine residues through amide bonds or lysine and cysteine side chains directly or indirectly via glycerol thioester and ester linkages. Before transfer to proteins, myristate must be activated into myristoyl coenzyme A in eukaryotes or, in bacteria
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Plant monounsaturated fatty acids: Diversity, biosynthesis, functions and uses Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-11-12 Sami Kazaz, Romane Miray, Loïc Lepiniec, Sébastien Baud
Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct molecular structures have been described in the plant kingdom, and more remain to be discovered. The evolution of land plants has apparently resulted in the convergent evolution of non-homologous enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation
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Hello from the other side: Membrane contact of lipid droplets with other organelles and subsequent functional implications Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-11-16 Rebekah Rakotonirina-Ricquebourg, Vítor Costa, Vitor Teixeira
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that play crucial roles in response to physiological and environmental cues. The identification of several neutral lipid synthesizing and regulatory protein complexes have propelled significant advance on the mechanisms of LD biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Increasing evidence suggests that distinct proteins and regulatory factors, which
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Biophysical insights into modulating lipid digestion in food emulsions Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-10-25 Alejandra Acevedo-Fani, Harjinder Singh
During the last decade, major scientific advances on understanding the mechanisms of lipid digestion and metabolism have been made, with a view to addressing health issues (such as obesity) associated with overconsumption of lipid-rich and sucrose-rich foods. As lipids in common foods exist in the form of emulsions, the structuring of emulsions has been one the main strategies for controlling the rate
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A comprehensive review on the lipid and pleiotropic effects of pitavastatin Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-09-09 Amirhossein Sahebkar, Nasim Kiaie, Armita Mahdavi Gorabi, Massimo R. Mannarino, Vanessa Bainaconi, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Matteo Pirro, Maciej Banach
The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or statins, are administered as first line therapy for hypercholesterolemia, both in primary and secondary prevention. There is a growing body of evidence showing that beyond their lipid-lowering effect, statins have a number of additional beneficial properties. Pitavastatin is a unique lipophilic statin with a strong effect
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Making extra room for carotenoids in plant cells: New opportunities for biofortification Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 Salvador Torres-Montilla, Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
Plant carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection and provide colors in the yellow to red range to non-photosynthetic organs such as petals and ripe fruits. They are also the precursors of biologically active molecules not only in plants (including hormones and retrograde signals) but also in animals (including retinoids such as vitamin A). A carotenoid-rich diet has been associated
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PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 Magdolna Szántó, Rebecca Gupte, W. Lee Kraus, Pal Pacher, Peter Bai
PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. PARPs and tankyrases were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed light on their role in lipid metabolism. To date, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrases, PARP9, PARP10, PARP14 were reported to have multi-pronged connections to lipid metabolism. The activity of PARP enzymes is fine-tuned by a set of
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Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 Rahul Mallick, Sanjay Basak, Asim K. Duttaroy
The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic
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Regulation of EGFR activation and signaling by lipids on the plasma membrane Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Do-Hyeon Kim, Hong Minh Triet, Sung Ho Ryu
Lipids on the plasma membrane are not only components of the membrane biophysical structures but also regulators of receptor functions. Recently, the critical roles of lipid-protein interactions have been intensively highlighted. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most extensively studied receptors exhibiting various lipid interactions, including interactions with phosphatidylcholine
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Imaging lipids in biological samples with surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: A concise review of the last decade Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-07-02 Wendy H. Müller, Edwin De Pauw, Johann Far, Cedric Malherbe, Gauthier Eppe
Knowing the spatial location of the lipid species present in biological samples is of paramount importance for the elucidation of pathological and physiological processes. In this context, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as a powerful technology allowing the visualization of the spatial distributions of biomolecules, including lipids, in complex biological samples. Among the different ionization
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Potential modulatory mechanisms of action by long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone cell and chondrocyte metabolism Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-07-02 Maryam Abshirini, Bolaji Lilian Ilesanmi-Oyelere, Marlena C. Kruger
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and their metabolites are considered essential factors to support bone and joint health. The n-6 PUFAs suppress the osteoblasts differentiation via increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression and promoting adipogenesis while n-3 PUFAs promote osteoblastogenesis by down-regulating PPARγ and enhancing osteoblastic activity
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Phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1: A friend or the devil in disguise Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-06-22 Yang Zhao, Stephan Hasse, Sylvain G. Bourgoin
Various human tissues and cells express phospholipase A1 member A (PLA1A), including the liver, lung, prostate gland, and immune cells. The enzyme belongs to the pancreatic lipase family. PLA1A specifically hydrolyzes sn-1 fatty acid of phosphatidylserine (PS) or 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylserine (1-acyl-lysoPS). PS externalized by activated cells or apoptotic cells or extracellular vesicles is a potential
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Plasmalogens - Ubiquitous molecules occurring widely, from anaerobic bacteria to humans Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-06-17 Milada Vítová, Andrea Palyzová, Tomáš Řezanka
Plasmalogens are a group of lipids mainly found in the cell membranes. They occur in anaerobic bacteria and in some protozoa, invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. Their occurrence in plants and fungi is controversial. They can protect cells from damage by reactive oxygen species, protect other phospholipids or lipoprotein particles against oxidative stress, and have been implicated as signaling
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Molecular insights into lipoxygenases for biocatalytic synthesis of diverse lipid mediators Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-06-16 Jung-Ung An, Seong-Eun Kim, Deok-Kun Oh
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Hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-06-11 Heng Li, Xiao-Hua Yu, Xiang Ou, Xin-Ping Ouyang, Chao-Ke Tang
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a quickly emerging global health problem representing the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Cholesterol metabolism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. The liver is the major organ for cholesterol metabolism
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Lipid nanovesicles for biomedical applications: ‘What is in a name’? Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 Alexsandra Conceição Apolinário, Leon Hauschke, Jessica Ribeiro Nunes, Luciana Biagini Lopes
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A review of the functional effects of pine nut oil, pinolenic acid and its derivative eicosatrienoic acid and their potential health benefits Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 Ella J. Baker, Elizabeth A. Miles, Philip C. Calder
Pine nut oil (PNO) is rich in a variety of unusual delta-5-non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMIFAs), including pinolenic acid (PLA; all cis-5,-9,-12 18:3) which typically comprises 14 to 19% of total fatty acids. PLA has been shown to be metabolised to eicosatrienoic acid (ETA; all cis-7,-11,-14 20:3) in various cells and tissues. Here we review the literature on PNO, PLA and its metabolite ETA
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Lipid homeostasis and mevalonate pathway in COVID-19: Basic concepts and potential therapeutic targets Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-04-26 Maria Chiara Proto, Donatella Fiore, Chiara Piscopo, Cristina Pagano, Mario Galgani, Sara Bruzzaniti, Chiara Laezza, Patrizia Gazzerro, Maurizio Bifulco
Despite encouraging progresses achieved in the management of viral diseases, efficient strategies to counteract infections are still required. The current global challenge highlighted the need to develop a rapid and cost-effective strategy to counteract the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in viral infections. Viruses can use the host lipid machinery to support their life
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Regulation of hippocampal synaptic function by the metabolic hormone leptin: Implications for health and disease Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-04-22 Andrew Irving, Jenni Harvey
Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the hormone, leptin and its CNS actions in recent years. It is now evident that leptin has a multitude of brain functions, that extend beyond its established role in the hypothalamic control of energy balance. Additional brain regions including the hippocampus are important targets for leptin, with a high density of leptin receptors (LepRs)
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Regulation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in teleost fish Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-03-16 Dizhi Xie, Cuiying Chen, Yewei Dong, Cuihong You, Shuqi Wang, Óscar Monroig, Douglas R. Tocher, Yuanyou Li
Omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA, C20-24), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), are involved in numerous biological processes and have a range of health benefits. Fish have long been considered as the main source of n-3 LC-PUFA in human diets. However, the capacity for endogenous biosynthesis of LC-PUFA from C18 PUFA varies
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Bile acids and their receptors in metabolic disorders Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Stefano Fiorucci, Eleonora Distrutti, Adriana Carino, Angela Zampella, Michele Biagioli
Bile acids are a large family of atypical steroids which exert their functions by binding to a family of ubiquitous cell membrane and nuclear receptors. There are two main bile acid activated receptors, FXR and GPBAR1, that are exclusively activated by bile acids, while other receptors CAR, LXRs, PXR, RORγT, S1PR2and VDR are activated by bile acids in addition to other more selective endogenous ligands
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Antibacterial fatty acids: An update of possible mechanisms of action and implications in the development of the next-generation of antibacterial agents Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-09 Giancarlo Casillas-Vargas, Carlimar Ocasio-Malavé, Solymar Medina, Christian Morales-Guzmán, René García Del Valle, Néstor M. Carballeira, David J. Sanabria-Ríos
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Headgroup biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in seed plants Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-01-24 Yuki Nakamura
Phospholipid biosynthesis is crucial for plant growth and development. It involves attachment of fatty acids to a phospho-diacylglycerol backbone and modification of the phospho-group into an amino alcohol. The biochemistry and molecular biology of the former has been well established, but a number of enzymes responsible for the latter have only recently been cloned and functionally characterized in
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Dissecting lipid metabolism alterations in SARS-CoV-2 Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-08 Ilaria Casari, Marcello Manfredi, Pat Metharom, Marco Falasca
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic that has infected over a hundred million people globally. There have been more than two million deaths recorded worldwide, with no end in sight until a widespread vaccination will be achieved. Current research has centred on different aspects of the virus interaction with cell surface receptors, but more
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Hormone-sensitive lipase: sixty years later Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-12-30 Emeline Recazens, Etienne Mouisel, Dominique Langin
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was initially characterized as the hormonally regulated neutral lipase activity responsible for the breakdown of triacylglycerols into fatty acids in adipose tissue. This review aims at providing up-to-date information on structural properties, regulation of expression, activity and function as well as therapeutic potential. The lipase is expressed as different isoforms
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Advances in understanding and in multi-disciplinary methodology used to assess lipid regulation of signalling cascades from the cancer cell plasma membrane Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 C. Soteriou, A.C. Kalli, S.D. Connell, A.I.I. Tyler, J.L. Thorne
The lipid bilayer is a functional component of cells, forming a stable platform for the initiation of key biological processes, including cell signalling. There are distinct changes in the lipid composition of cell membranes during oncogenic transformation resulting in aberrant activation and inactivation of signalling transduction pathways. Studying the role of the cell membrane in cell signalling
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Reprogramming microorganisms for the biosynthesis of astaxanthin via metabolic engineering Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-12-26 Xia Wan, Xue-Rong Zhou, Gabriel Moncalian, Lin Su, Wen-Chao Chen, Hang-Zhi Zhu, Dan Chen, Yang-Min Gong, Feng-Hong Huang, Qian-Chun Deng
There is an increasing demand for astaxanthin in food, feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications because of its superior anti-oxidative and coloring properties. However, naturally produced astaxanthin is expensive, mainly due to low productivity and limited sources. Reprogramming of microorganisms for astaxanthin production via metabolic engineering is a promising strategy. We primarily focus
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Adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism in the human fetus: The 2020 perspective focusing on maternal diabetes and obesity Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 G. Desoye, E. Herrera
During development, the human fetus accrues the highest proportion of fat of all mammals. Precursors of fat lobules can be found at week 14 of pregnancy. Thereafter, they expand, filling with triacylglycerols during pregnancy. The resultant mature lipid-filled adipocytes emerge from a developmental programme of embryonic stem cells, which is regulated differently than adult adipogenesis. Fetal triacylglycerol
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Advances in edible nanoemulsions: Digestion, bioavailability, and potential toxicity Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-12-26 David Julian McClements
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Pathogenic mechanisms of lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid in chronic pain Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-11-28 Hiroshi Ueda
A number of membrane lipid-derived mediators play pivotal roles in the initiation, maintenance, and regulation of various types of acute and chronic pain. Acute pain, comprising nociceptive and inflammatory pain warns us about the presence of damage or harmful stimuli. However, it can be efficiently reversed by opioid analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Prostaglandin E2 and I2, the representative
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New insights into the role of lipids in plant hypoxia responses Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Li-Juan Xie, Ying Zhou, Qin-Fang Chen, Shi Xiao
In plants, hypoxia (low-oxygen stress) is induced by soil waterlogging or submergence and this major abiotic stress has detrimental effects on plant growth, development, distribution, and productivity. To survive low-oxygen stress, plants have evolved a set of morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations. These adaptations integrate metabolic acclimation and signaling networks allowing
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Structural insights into phospholipase D function Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Yuanfa Yao, Jianxu Li, Yinyan Lin, Jiaqiang Zhou, Peng Zhang, Yingke Xu
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The return of malonyl-CoA to the brain: Cognition and other stories Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Rut Fadó, Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Núria Casals
Nutrients, hormones and the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) tightly regulate the intracellular levels of the metabolic intermediary malonyl-CoA, which is a precursor of fatty acid synthesis and a negative regulator of fatty acid oxidation. In the brain, the involvement of malonyl-CoA in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis has been known for decades. However, recent data
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Metabolic and functional connections between cytoplasmic and chloroplast triacylglycerol storage Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Changcheng Xu, Jilian Fan, John Shanklin
Neutral lipids in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) have emerged as critical regulators of cellular energy balance, lipid homeostasis, growth, development and stress response in organisms ranging from plants to yeast. Although TAGs are mostly recognized as the main storage component in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs), TAG-rich LDs with similar structural and functional characteristics to those found
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Emerging roles of lysophospholipids in health and disease Prog. Lipid. Res. (IF 14.673) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 Shu Ting Tan, Tejasvene Ramesh, Xiu Ru Toh, Long N. Nguyen
Lipids are abundant and play essential roles in human health and disease. The main functions of lipids are building blocks for membrane biogenesis. However, lipids are also metabolized to produce signaling molecules. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of circulating lysophospholipids. These lysophospholipids consist of lysoglycerophospholipids and lysosphingolipids. They are both present in cells