Philip Tovote describes the 1980 paper in which Michael Fanselow systematically investigated freezing as a defensive response in rodents

Activation of nociceptor neurons expressing TRPV1 downregulates gut regulatory T cells.

Most astrocytes in the mouse brain have a primary cilium that transduces local cues to drive distinct astrocytic transcriptomic programmes that determine regional astrocytic subtypes, and, in turn, shape local circuits and influence behaviour.

Study identifies 'predictive grid cells' in the rat entorhinal cortex that encode projected future locations.

Thyroid hormone induces cortical circuit plasticity to modulate exploratory behaviours in mice.

A study in humans reveals that the hippocampus encodes relevant task variables in abstract format during inferential reasoning, which enables the generalization needed for such complex cognition.

A study finds that microglia depletion has no effect on experience-dependent maturation of visual cortex circuitry in mice.

Longitudinal precision functional mapping reveals that acute desynchronization of functional connectivity organization induced by the psychedelic psilocybin can persist long-term in the human brain.

Two studies use large-scale genome sequencing data to identify variants in a noncoding gene that cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome in many individuals.

Cerebellar Purkinje neurons modulate thirst in mice

Acid-sensing ion channel 3 in nociceptors exacerbates inflammation in psoriasis by inducing the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from these neurons.

A new modelling method developed in male Drosophila melanogaster maps how populations of neurons transform visual stimuli into courtship behaviours without recording neural activity.

A study maps the effects of ageing and sex on gene regulation in specific human cortical cell types.

The maladaptive reward learning associated with morphine administration is shown here to be mediated by changes in dopamine-release dynamics in reward circuitry resulting from increased myelination specifically in the ventral tegmental area.

In this Journal Club, Danqian Liu describes the 1953 paper that reported the discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Sabine Krabbe describes a 1993 study of classical conditioning in the honeybee that provided early insights into the mechanisms of predictive learning.

In this Journal Club, Adrien Peyrache highlights a 1998 paper that showed memory formation as a dynamic process involving multiple brain areas.

In this Journal Club, Izumi Fukunaga discusses John Hopfield’s 1995 paper, which proposed a mechanism by which a continuously variable sensory stimulus can be transformed into a timing-based code.

Mendelian randomization analyses reveal potential causal associations between dysfunction of brain functional networks and psychiatric disorders.

Social memory enables animals to recognize familiar conspecifics and determines behaviours that are crucial for survival. Wang et al. now describe a neural circuit in mice that links the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) to social memory. Neuroanatomical and functional tracing identified cells of the parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PF) as the main postsynaptic targets of sTRNPvalb, and glutamatergic

In this Journal Club, Tina Liu describes a 1988 paper that revealed the capacity of the sensory cortex for functional reorganization

A subset of female mice that show anxiety-related traits seek out a starvation-like state when exposed to repeated stress

The main direction of motor skill-specific information between rat primary motor cortex and dorsolateral striatum is shown to switch from cortex-predominant before learning to striatum-predominant after learning.

A large network of brain regions is involved in salient distractor processing.

A new study captures nearly the full repertoire of primate natural behaviour and reveals that highly distributed cortical activity maintains multifaceted dynamic social relationships.

The synaptic protein SynGAP exerts its effects on synaptic plasticity via a structural role rather than its GTPase-activating protein activity.

The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal subtypes is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. In this Review, I summarize our current understanding of the brain regions and cell types that are selectively vulnerable in different neurodegenerative diseases and describe the proposed underlying cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. I highlight how recent methodological innovations

Neurons in the mouse subiculum encode concave and convex geometrical environmental features.

One of the long-term sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is ‘brain fog’, which is shown in this study to be linked to systemic inflammation and leakiness of the blood–brain barrier.

Ning-long Xu discusses a 1999 paper that outlined a mechanism by which cortical pyramidal neurons integrate layer-specific inputs.

Innate fear-like responses are thought to involve the amygdala, but here a tetra-synaptic pathway is identified that mediates odour-evoked innate fear in mice.

Increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase 8, expressed by circulating myeloid cells, may have a role in stress-induced changes in social behaviour in mice.