A polyA-tail-directed RNA sequencing approach that was used to investigate transcriptomic changes in dorsal root ganglia following nerve crush revealed unexpected upregulation of a specific set of B2-SINE transcriptional regulators that facilitate neuronal repair by co-ordinating axon transport and local translation.

Movement-related dopamine neuronal activity in the tail of the striatum encodes a value-free action prediction error that reinforces state-action associations, biasing mice to repeat past actions.

Neuroinflammatory mechanisms drive cognitive impairments in mice treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy.

Despite a global push to recognize Indigenous knowledge systems in research, neuroscience remains embedded in Euro-Western ways of means and methods. Authentic capacity-building will bring Indigenous ways of knowing and doing to the neuroscience workforce, to research and to training, and will lead to diversified and strengthened approaches to discovery and clinical care strategies.

A possible mechanism for the increased incidence of mood disorders in people with immune system disorders such as psoriasis is revealed where, in mice, elevated serum levels of the cytokines IL-17A and IL-17C induce anxiety-like symptoms via activation of neurons in the anterior basolateral amygdala.

A new study reveals over 40 functionally different types of amacrine cell in the mouse retina.

Dynorphin regulates motivated behaviour in mice via κ-opioid receptor signalling in a nucleus accumbens–ventral pallidum (VP) disinhibitory circuit that increases activity of VP cholinergic neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala.

In this Journal Club, Juan Gallego discusses a 2014 article that provided a first causal hint that neural manifolds may not only be a convenient way to interpret neural population activity.

A naturalistic threat–reward conflict reveals that dopamine dynamics in tail of the striatum in mice regulate not only avoidance of potential threats but also learning to overcome them.

The hypothalamic preoptic area is involved in numerous homeostatic and social behaviours, and the neurons of this area are shown in this study to consist of numerous subtypes that show diverse maturational profiles that correlate with periods of substantial behavioural change such as weaning and puberty.

A study provides evidence to support a previously unknown function of the premotor cortex in the inhibitory control of speech.

A possible mechanism underlying the worsening of asthma symptoms after eating is found in mice, where type 2 immunity in the lung (which is a primary driver of asthma) is found to be potentiated by food intake.

A modified looming paradigm teases apart how top-down cortical inputs from visual areas can override instinctive fear responses in mice via an endocannabinoid-mediated inhibitory plasticity mechanism in subcortical circuits.

A study explores the sexually dimorphic circuits that regulate sociosexual preferences in mice.

A new study reveals distinct circuit features of the human hippocampal CA3 region.

Inhibition of CaMKII blocks short-term memory but not long-term memory of inhibitory avoidance in mice.

A study explores the circuits through which the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex orchestrates social competition in mice.

A new study reveals an algorithm implemented by neurons in the medial frontal cortex that is involved in flexibly mapping appropriate actions during goal-oriented behaviour to novel situations.

Fedorenko and coauthors argue that language is localized to a small static set of brain regions, in a single segregated network (Fedorenko, E., Ivanova, A. A. & Regev, T. I. The language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 25, 289–312; 2024)1. We challenge this traditional view of the neurobiology of language and argue that language is widely

In this Journal Club, Michaela Fencková discusses a study published in 2020 that examined the effects of acute systemic inflammation on brain glucose metabolism in the context of delirium.

A population of macrophages has been found in muscle spindles that release glutamate, activate primary sensory afferents that are part of the stretch reflex, and have a role in regulating locomotion.

Studies in human cell lines and transgenic mouse models show that non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 phosphorylates tau at Tyr29 and thereby promotes its stabilization and accumulation. In mice, knockdown of TYK2 reduced tau levels and attenuated tau neuropathology.

Bats use echolocation to navigate long distances without relying on other sensory information.

Interoceptive, feeding-related inputs are integrated by BDNF-expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus that project to the brainstem and regulate food intake and feeding-associated jaw movements.

In this Journal Club, Anna Gillespie discusses how the discovery of hippocampal replay during the awake state reshaped our understanding of its role in memory function.

Innate lymphoid cells regulate inhibitory synapse formation in the mouse cortex during early postnatal life.

In their recent Review, Fotiadis and colleagues expertly summarized recent research on structure–function coupling (SFC), a neural marker representing the correspondence between structural and functional neural connections (Fotiadis, P. et al. Structure–function coupling in macroscale human brain networks. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 25, 688–704; 2024)1. They outlined how this marker is important for understanding

We appreciate the thoughtful Correspondence from A. Turnbull, F. V. Lin and Z. Zhang about our recent Review (Fotiadis, P. et al. Structure–function coupling in macroscale human brain networks. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 25, 688–704; 2024)1, in which we synthesized recent work assessing the dynamic relationship between structural and functional connectivity in the human brain, commonly referred to as structure–function