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Bone marrow inflammation in haematological malignancies Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Madelon M. E. de Jong, Lanpeng Chen, Marc H. G. P. Raaijmakers, Tom Cupedo
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Strategies for targeting cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Markus F. Neurath
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Breaking tolerance: the autoimmune aspect of atherosclerosis Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Amir Khan, Payel Roy, Klaus Ley
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Regulation of innate-like activities of neonatal CD8+ T cells Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Alexandra Flemming
Recent studies have shown that neonatal CD8+ T cells can undergo ‘bystander activation’ in response to inflammatory cytokines and produce effector molecules such as IFNγ and granzyme B in the absence of cognate antigen. Some of these cells persist into adulthood. A study by Watson et al. used a multi-omics approach to investigate the epigenetic programmes and transcription factors that enable CD8+
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The eye provides an immunological gateway to the brain Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Alexandra Flemming
A publication by Song and colleagues identifies a unique lymphatic drainage system that connects the posterior of the eye with deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) and the meningeal lymphatic network. In several different mouse models, they show that vaccines delivered to the posterior of the eye can specifically induce immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS) and protect against experimental
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CARD8 kills CD4+ T cells in response to HIV entry Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Alexandra Flemming
In humans, infection with HIV-1 is associated with loss of CD4+ T cells, causing severe immunodeficiency and progression to AIDS. By contrast, some non-human primates (NHPs), which are natural hosts of the closely related SIV, are tolerant of SIV infection despite showing high levels of viraemia. Interestingly, CD4+ T cell death in humans mostly effects quiescent cells that are not productively infected
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Made to order: emergency myelopoiesis and demand-adapted innate immune cell production Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 James W. Swann, Oakley C. Olson, Emmanuelle Passegué
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A Treg cell duo for VAT control Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Maria Papatriantafyllou
Changes in populations of regulatory T (Treg) cells in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) have been linked to metabolic disorders; Valle Torres, Man et al. now characterize Treg cell heterogeneity in VAT. In addition to the previously reported population of VAT Treg cells that express PPARγ and ST2 (also known as IL-33R or IL-1RL1), the authors describe a second VAT Treg cell subset with high expression
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Lymph node resection does not impair cancer immunotherapy responses Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Lucas Baldran-Groves, Jeroen Melief
A preprint by Zhou et al. shows that the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in patients with cancer does not depend on the presence of tumour-draining lymph nodes, as their role is taken over by more distant lymph nodes.
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Pre-existing antibody allows for maturation of new B cells in ‘recall’ germinal centres Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Jake Herb, Maria Curotto de Lafaille
Re-exposure to a previously encountered antigen leads to robust antibody responses and the formation of ‘recall’ germinal centres. A preprint by Schiepers et al. shows that antibody feedback in these germinal centres ensures the maturation of naive B cells that can target escape epitopes.
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Osteoblast-derived ATP maintains bone marrow plasma cells Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Yvonne Bordon
Plasma cells use P2RX4 to sense the regulated release of ATP from osteoblasts and this protects against ER stress-driven apoptosis.
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The OrganiX microfluidic system to recreate the complex tumour microenvironment Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Giulia Adriani, Andrea Pavesi
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ComplexEye: a multi-lens array microscope for high-throughput cell migration analysis Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Zülal Cibir, Matthias Gunzer
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The conneXion between sex and immune responses Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Katherine S. Forsyth, Nikhil Jiwrajka, Claudia D. Lovell, Natalie E. Toothacre, Montserrat C. Anguera
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Mechanistic insights from inflammasome structures Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Jianing Fu, Kate Schroder, Hao Wu
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The regulation and differentiation of regulatory T cells and their dysfunction in autoimmune diseases Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Tomokazu S. Sumida, Nardos T. Cheru, David A. Hafler
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Complement in maternal milk shapes the infant microbiome Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Maria Papatriantafyllou
Breast milk is known to contain antibodies and other immune mediators that provide immune protection and shape the gut microbiota. It also contains complement proteins — however, their physiological role was unclear. A study by Xu et al. shows that the complement components in mouse breast milk directly supports a ‘protective’ gut microbiota in the neonate intestine by selectively eliminating specific
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Regulation goes awry in the liver Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Yvonne Bordon
Regulatory T cells have pathological roles in driving fibrosis and insulin resistance in the setting of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Low risk of CAR T cells going rogue Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Maria Papatriantafyllou
After treatment with commercial chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, a small number of patients have developed T cell lymphomas (TCLs), and some TCLs were ‘CAR positive’, prompting a safety warning by the US FDA. Ghilardi et al. investigated one case of secondary TCL after CAR-T cell therapy and concluded that it was probably not caused by CAR insertional mutagenesis. To assess the risk of secondary
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Human ILC2s can act as cytolytic killers Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Maria Papatriantafyllou
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been associated with both pro-and anti-tumour functions. Now, Yu, Caligiuri and colleagues show that human ILC2s expanded ex vivo have cytotoxic activity and can kill blood or solid tumours when adoptively transferred into mouse models. Expanded human blood-derived ILC2s resembled freshly isolated cells, but they also expressed the IL-15 receptor CD122 and
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Neutrophils become pro-angiogenic in tumours Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Lucy Bird
Investigation of neutrophil heterogeneity in tumours reveals the irreversible programming of long-lived, pro-angiogenic neutrophils that drive tumour progression.
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New insights into the ontogeny, diversity, maturation and survival of long-lived plasma cells Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 David R. Fooksman, Zhixin Jing, Rosa Park
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The immunology of type 1 diabetes Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Kevan C. Herold, Thomas Delong, Ana Luisa Perdigoto, Noah Biru, Todd M. Brusko, Lucy S. K. Walker
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Neutrophil surface RNAs promote entry to inflamed sites Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Kirsty Minton
Glycosylated RNAs on the surface of neutrophils bind P-selectin on endothelial cells to mediate recruitment to sites of inflammation.
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Age-related motor deficits caused by clonal haematopoiesis-driven, monocyte-derived microglia Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Austeja Baleviciute, Lily Keane
A preprint by Kim et al. shows that the brain parenchyma can be seeded with age with clonal haematopoiesis-derived monocytes that drive neuropathology.
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New immune cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Aurore Fenis, Olivier Demaria, Laurent Gauthier, Eric Vivier, Emilie Narni-Mancinelli
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Using BCG vaccination to protect against COVID-19: when reality fails to meet expectation Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Laure F. Pittet, Christie C. A. Noble, Nicole L. Messina, Nigel Curtis
While anticipating the development of a COVID-19-specific vaccine, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) explored the potential of BCG vaccination to protect against COVID-19, based on trials demonstrating beneficial effects of BCG vaccination on unrelated infections and all-cause mortality in neonates in high-mortality geographical settings. Results are now available from 12 RCTs, which suggest
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Integrated organ immunity: a path to a universal vaccine Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Bali Pulendran
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Blood neutrophil subset predicts the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Yvonne Bordon
A population of interferon-stimulated neutrophils can predict the success of immunotherapy outcomes in various cancers.
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Novel insights into the immune response to bacterial T cell superantigens Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Stephen W. Tuffs, Karine Dufresne, Aanchal Rishi, Nicholas R. Walton, John K. McCormick
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Alternative RNA splicing generates shared clonal neoantigens across different types of cancer Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Matthew Brown, Nicolas Vabret
A preprint by Kwok et al. describes the identification of common neojunction-derived antigens that could serve as targets for ‘off the shelf’ vaccines or adoptive cell therapies for patients with various types of cancer.
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Squeeze to arm Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Lucy Bird
A study published in Immunity shows that the mechanical force experienced by neutrophils migrating across endothelial barriers arms them for better bactericidal activity.
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Natural killer cells that target autoimmune cells linked with protection against multiple sclerosis Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Yvonne Bordon
Genetic variants are identified in humans and viruses that influence the development of multiple sclerosis by shaping protective natural killer cell responses.
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Why have T cell-inducing vaccines for HIV failed so far? Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Alexandra Flemming
The failure of T cell-targeted vaccines for HIV in clinical trials is likely due to impaired degranulation of low-avidity CD8+ T cells in the context of low levels of antigen presentation.
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Ancient DNA reveals evolutionary origins of autoimmune diseases Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 William Barrie, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Eske Willerslev, Astrid K. N. Iversen, Lars Fugger
Most autoimmune diseases are caused by the interplay between common genetic risk variants and environmental factors. New studies of ancient genomes suggest that many of these variants evolved under strong selection pressures, probably due to lifestyle-specific environmental pathogens, the consequences of which shape the distribution of present-day disease risk and point to novel therapeutic interventions
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Spatial resolution of host–microbiome interactions Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Kirsty Minton
A study in Nature Biotechnology investigated context-specific host–microorganisms interactions by using spatial transcriptomics to profile gene expression of host and microbial genes simultaneously.
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Same yet different — how lymph node heterogeneity affects immune responses Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Paulina Cruz de Casas, Konrad Knöpper, Rupak Dey Sarkar, Wolfgang Kastenmüller
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Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-14 Sebastian A. Wellford, E. Ashley Moseman
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A nuclear STING in the tail for canonical signalling Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Kirsty Minton
Zhang et al. describe a nuclear function for STING1 in driving AHR activation, which competes with the canonical cGAS–STING signalling pathway.
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Therapeutic induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Jessica E. Kenison, Nikolas A. Stevens, Francisco J. Quintana
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Boosting glymphatic drainage via adrenergic receptor inhibition protects the injured brain Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Yvonne Bordon
Inhibition of adrenergic receptors following a traumatic brain injury reduces cerebral oedema and inflammation by restoring fluid efflux through the glymphatic and lymphatic systems.
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Sleep deprivation whips up cytokine storm Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Alexandra Flemming
A new mouse model of sleep deprivation reveals a potent pathway by which sleep-related changes in prostaglandin D2 in the central nervous system can affect the peripheral immune system.
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Adipose tissue maintains healthy joint fibroblasts via cortisol signalling Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Micon Garvilles, Mark Coles
A preprint by Faust et al. determines mechanisms of crosstalk between adipocytes and fibroblasts in the joint relevant to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Immunotherapy combination approaches: mechanisms, biomarkers and clinical observations Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Lisa H. Butterfield, Yana G. Najjar
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TCRs and AI: the future is now Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Malcolm J. W. Sim
A preprint by Fast et al. describes TAPIR, a computational tool for predicting TCR–pMHC interactions.
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Neonatal monocytes suppress adult TH17 cell responses in skin Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Siu Ling Tai, Arthur Mortha
A preprint by Dhariwala et al. reports that monocytes in the skin of newborn mice suppress microbiota-driven inflammatory responses by sequestering IL-1 to prevent T cell activation.
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Brain regulatory T cells Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Adrian Liston, Emanuela Pasciuto, Denise C. Fitzgerald, Lidia Yshii
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Author Correction: Protein kinases: drug targets for immunological disorders. Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Leslie Castelo-Soccio,Hanna Kim,Massimo Gadina,Pamela L Schwartzberg,Arian Laurence,John J O'Shea
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Communicating science effectively in times of crisis: time for reflection Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Gary Koretzky
Gary Koretzky served as president of the American Association of Immunologists (AAI) from 2021 to 2022. During this tenure, the association strengthened its focus on advocacy and public engagement. Here, he shares his thoughts on the responsibility of scientists to make science more accessible to a broad public and reflects on lessons learned during the pandemic. Gary Koretzky, who was president of
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IBEX: a user-friendly and open-source solution for high-plex immunostaining Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Leanne Arakkal
In this Tools of the Trade article, Leanne Arakkal (of the Ronald Germain group) describes a technique for highly multiplexed imaging of intact tissues.
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Host IgM facilitates mating in Leishmania Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Alexandra Flemming
The parasite Leishmania, which causes the debilitating disease leishmaniasis, is spread by sandflies and affects millions of people around the world. It mostly reproduces asexually; however, transient fusion and genetic exchange between parasites in the sandfly gut has been observed. Serafim et al. now show that Leishmania mating clumps (LMCs), which facilitate parasite genetic exchange, can be induced
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Gut fungi have lasting effect on immune response to severe COVID-19 Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Alexandra Flemming
A study by Kusakabe et al. reports increased antibody responses to specific fungi in individuals with severe COVID-19, particularly to Candida albicans, and shows that intestinal expansion of C. albicans correlates with disease severity and neutrophil frequency in these individuals. Unlike healthy individuals or individuals with mild or moderate COVID-19, those with severe COVID-19 retained antifungal
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NMDAR-directed CAAR T cells show promise for autoimmune encephalitis Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Alexandra Flemming
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis. It is usually treated by unselective depletion of B cells and plasma exchange to remove all antibodies. To create a more targeted treatment with fewer side effects, Reincke et al. engineered chimeric autoantibody receptor (CAAR) T cells, which express a multi-subunit NMDAR autoantigen linked to an intracellular
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Bacteria tag tumours for CAR T cell attack Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 M. Teresa Villanueva
A combination of tumour-targeted bacteria and CAR T cells shows promise in animal models for the treatment of solid tumours.
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Low serotonin linked to long COVID Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Lucy Bird
A study shows that individuals with long COVID have low levels of serotonin, which explains the neurocognitive impairments they experience.
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Role of the microbiota in response to and recovery from cancer therapy Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Stephen J. Blake, Yochai Wolf, Ben Boursi, David J. Lynn
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Lipid metabolism extinguishes cGAS–STING-induced inflammation Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Kirsty Minton
Liver X receptor (LXR) signalling can inhibit the DNA-sensing cGAS–STING inflammatory pathway through degradation of the second messenger cGAMP.
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Optimizing pig organs for human transplantation Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Yvonne Bordon
Grafts from genetically engineered humanized pigs show long-term survival in non-human primates.
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The cancer-immune dialogue in the context of stress Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Yuting Ma, Guido Kroemer
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The distinctive immune features of long COVID Nat. Rev. Immunol. (IF 100.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Alexandra Flemming
A large, cross-sectional immune-profiling study provides insights into the biological features of long COVID.