Galactosidases, ubiquitous in nature, are complex carbohydrate-active enzymes and find extensive applications in food, pharma, and biotechnology industries. The present study deals with the production of galactosidases from fungi by solid-state fermentation. Fifteen fungi were screened and Aspergillus awamori (MTCC 548), exhibited the highest α and β-galactosidase activities of 75.11 ± 0.29 U/g and

A high‐throughput method has been developed for the doping control analysis of 124 drug targets, processing up to 154 horse urine samples in as short as 4.5 hours, from the time the samples arrive at the laboratory to the reporting deadline of 30 minutes before the first race, inclusive of sample receipt and registration, preparation, instrument analysis and data vetting time. Sample preparation involves

Oximes like pralidoxime (2‐PAM), obidoxime (Obi) and HI‐6 are the only currently available therapeutics to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in case of intoxications with organophosphorus (OP) compounds. However, each oxime has characteristic agent dependent reactivating efficacy and therefore the combined administration of complementary oximes might be a promising approach for the improvement

In doping control, to confirm the exogenous origin of exogenously administered anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), a gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐C‐IRMS) analysis is performed. Recently published work suggests epiandrosterone sulfate (EpiAS) as a promising IRMS target compound for the detection of AAS, capable of prolonging the detection window. However, EpiAS is

A lot of energy in the field of proteomics is dedicated to the application of challenging experimental workflows, which include metaproteomics, proteogenomics, data independent acquisition (DIA), non‐specific proteolysis, immunopeptidomics, and open modification searches. These workflows are all challenging because of ambiguity in the identification stage; they either expand the search space and thus

Targeted proteomics depends on the availability of stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptide standards, which for absolute protein quantification need to be absolutely quantified.[1] In the present study, three new approaches for absolute quantification of SIL peptides were developed. All approaches rely on a quantification tag (Qtag) with a specific UV absorption. The Qtag is attached to the peptide during

Therapy‐induced senescence is a state of cell cycle arrest that occurs as a response to various chemotherapeutic reagents, especially ones that cause DNA damage. Senescent cells display resistance to cell death and can impair the efficacy of chemotherapeutic strategies. Since lipids can exhibit pro‐survival activity, we envisioned that probing the lipidome could provide insights into novel lipids that

Various culture systems have been used to derive and maintain human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), but they are inefficient in sustaining cloning and suspension expansion of hPSCs. Through systematically modulating Wnt and Activin/Nodal signaling, we developed a defined medium (termed AIC), which enables efficient cloning and long-term expansion of hPSCs (AIC-hPSCs) through single-cell passage on

Abstract Microalgae are a potential solution to supersede fossil fuels and produce renewable energy. The major obstacle to the commercialization of microalgae-based biofuels is the high production cost, including nutritional requirements, photobioreactor design, and downstream processes. As for the photobioreactor design, open ponds have been adopted by major commercial plants for their economic advantages

Abstract Metabolic engineering is usually focused on static control of microbial cell factories to efficient production of interested chemicals, though heterologous pathways compete with endogenous metabolism. However, products like carotenoids may cause metabolic burden on engineering strains, thus limiting product yields and influencing strain growth. Herein, a growth-phase-dependent regulation was

Abstract In this study, we constructed a coculture consortium comprising engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and Escherichia coli MG1655. Provision of “related” carbon sources and synthesis of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) were separately assigned to these strains via a modular construction strategy. To avoid growth competition, a preference for the use of a carbon source was

Piscirickettsia salmonis is a facultative Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that produces piscirickettsiosis, disease that causes a high negative impact in salmonid cultures. The so-far-unidentified nutritional requirements have hindered its axenic culture at laboratory and industrial scales for the formulation of vaccines. The present study describes the development of a defined culture medium

Abstract Glutaric acid is an important organic acid applied widely in different fields. Most previous researches have focused on the production of glutaric acid in various strains using the 5-aminovaleric acid (AMV) or pentenoic acid synthesis pathways. We previously utilized a five-step reversed adipic acid degradation pathway (RADP) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to construct strain Bgl146. Herein

L-Methionine is an essential amino acid in humans, which plays an important role in the synthesis of some important amino acids and proteins. In this work, metabolic flux of batch fermentation of L-methionine with recombinant Escherichia coli W3110BL was analyzed using the flux balance analysis method, which estimated the intracellular flux distributions under different dissolved oxygen conditions

Escherichia coli, a model microorganism for which convenient metabolic engineering tools are available and that grows quickly in cheap media, has been widely used in the production of valuable chemicals, including aromatic amino acids. As the three aromatic amino acids, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, and L-phenylalanine, share the same precursors, to increase the titer of a specific aromatic amino acid

Abstract A highly efficient lycopene production system was constructed by assembling enzymes fused to zinc-finger motifs on DNA scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Three key enzymes of the lycopene synthesis pathway, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, and phytoene desaturase, were fused with zinc-finger proteins, expressed and purified. Recombinant plasmids of the pS series containing

The goals of this study were to increase the production of antroquinonol (AQ) and to elucidate the response mechanism of the cell membrane during the in situ extractive fermentation (ISEF) of Antrodia camphorata S-29. Through ISEF, the concentration of AQ reached a maximum of 146.1 ± 2.8 mg/L, which was approximately (7.4 ± 0.1)-fold that of the control (coenzyme Q0-induced fermentation). Transcriptome

Abstract Maduramicin is the most efficient and possesses the largest market share of all anti-coccidiosis polyether antibiotics (ionophore); however, its biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) has yet to been identified, and the associated strains have not been genetically engineered. Herein, we performed whole-genome sequencing of a maduramicin-producing industrial strain of Actinomadura sp. J1-007 and identified

It is of great economic interest to produce succinate from low-grade carbon sources, e.g., lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate, which mainly contains glucose and xylose. Inactivation of the glucose uptake system PtsG was evaluated for succinate production from xylose-rich feedstocks. Strains with integration of succinate production modules into the chromosome of Escherichia coli were then constructed

Abstract The creation of microbial cell factories for sustainable production of natural products is important for medical and industrial applications. This requires stable expression of biosynthetic pathways in a host organism with favorable fermentation properties such as Bacillus subtilis. The aim of this study is to construct B. subtilis strains that produce valuable terpenoid compounds by overexpressing

With many crucial roles in enzymatic aerobic metabolism, the concentration of the heme must be tightly regulated. The heme exporter Feline Leukemia Virus sub-group C Receptor 1a (FLVCR1a), an integral membrane protein with twelve transmembrane helices, is a key player in the maintenance of cellular heme homeostasis. It was first identified as the host receptor for the Feline Leukemia Virus sub-group

The management of pathogen detection using a rapid and cost‐effective method presents a major challenge to the biological safety of the world. The field of pathogen detection is nascent and therefore, faces a dynamic set of challenges as the field evolves. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala‐azar is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Delay to the accurate diagnosis and treatment is likely to lead

Zwitterionic peptides are great candidates as antifouling coating materials in many biomedical applications. We investigated the structure and antifouling properties of surface tethered zwitterionic peptide monolayers with different peptide chain lengths and charge distributions using a combination of surface plasma resonance (SPR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and all atomistic molecular dynamics

Because nitric oxide (NO) gas is an endogenously produced signaling molecule which is related to numerous physiological functions, numerous studies have been conducted to develop the NO delivery systems to take advantages for potential biomedical applications. However, NO is a reactive radical gas molecule which has very short life time and easy to transform to nitrogen oxide species by reaction with

Young women in sub-Saharan Africa have the highest risk of HIV acquisition through sexual contact of all groups. Vaginal controlled release of antiretrovirals is a priority option for the prevention of sexual transmission of the virus in women. In this manuscript, bilayer films were prepared based on ethylcellulose and a natural polymer (xanthan or tragacanth gum) plasticized with glycerol and tributylcitrate

G‐Quadruplex (G4)‐forming DNA sequences have a tendency to form stable multimeric structures. This can be problematic for studies with synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides. Here, we describe a method that quantitatively converts multimeric intermolecular structures of Pu27 sequence from c‐myc promoter into desired monomeric G4 by alkaline treatment and refolding.

Aggregation of polypeptides and proteins is commonly associated with human and other vertebrate diseases. For example, amyloid plaques consist of amyloid-β proteins (Aβ) are frequently identified in Alzheimer’s disease and islet amyloid formed by islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, Amylin) can be found in most patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D). Although many fluorescent dyes have been developed to stain

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

One of major limitations of current cancer therapy is the inability to destroy tumors with high efficacy and minimal invasiveness. Herein, we developed a proof-of-concept fixed-point “blasting” strategy to destroy the “castle” of tumors, and realized the interventional photothermal therapy efficiently. The “blasting” materials were composed of photothermal nanoparticles (ancient ink nanoparticles,