BACKGROUND Type 2 inflammation, driven by Th2 cells and associated cytokines, has been linked with asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). Early detection and immune-phenotyping of type 2 related diseases in childhood are crucial for effective targeted therapies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of a non-invasive method to measure nasal cytokine profiles for airway-specific immune-phenotyping of

BACKGROUND Transient increases in blood eosinophil count (BEC) have been observed in dupilumab clinical trials but are rarely associated with clinical symptoms. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of early increases in BEC on long-term treatment outcomes. METHODS Patients aged ≥12 years with moderate-to-severe type 2 asthma from the phase 3 QUEST study (NCT02414854; 52 weeks) who enrolled in the

BACKGROUND Disparities in asthma morbidity between Black and non-Hispanic White children are well-documented, but less is known about differences between Mexican American and non-Hispanic White children. OBJECTIVE To examine differences in asthma control and treatment between Mexican American and non-Hispanic White children with persistent asthma in Central Texas. We also contextualized these

BACKGROUND Polyp recurrence (PR) can occur in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We previously constructed a PR prediction model incorporating tissue biomarkers including ECP, IL-5, and anti-dsDNA IgG, and clinical variables including the pre-ESS modified Lund-Mackay (MLM) score, and asthma status. OBJECTIVE To develop the

The weak balance between immune competence and immune tolerance is reflected in the coexistence, in the same inborn error of immunity, of susceptibility to infections and predisposition to develop immune dysregulatory features. Different mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. The thymus plays a crucial role in the development of both immune tolerance and

BACKGROUND Preterm infants exhibit an increased susceptibility to infections. To assess the contribution of adaptive immunity to this vulnerability, it is crucial to study its postnatal development. OBJECTIVES We sought to define profiles of adaptive immune-cell subsets in large cohorts of preterm infants, investigating the influence of gestational age (GA) and perinatal factors on their development

Human milk offers the best nutrition to the infant, which is crucial for the child's proper development and health status across the lifespan. Besides providing the substances optimally supplying the baby with energy and building materials, breast milk contains several immunometabolically active components. Those include molecules fully de novo synthesized by the mother, such as human milk oligosaccharides

BACKGROUND Remibrutinib, an oral, highly selective Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, demonstrated significant improvements in disease activity over placebo in the 24-week phase 3 REMIX studies in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) remaining symptomatic despite second-generation H1-antihistamines. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of remibrutinib in