Lipid mediators play active roles in each stage of inflammation under physiological and pathologic conditions. We have investigated the cellular source and functions of several prostanoids in the immune inflammatory responses using follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like cells. In this study, we report a novel finding on the role of 15(S)- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). Our observation of 15(S)-HETE

Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidized products such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and isoprostanes. These products may exert signaling or damaging roles during physiological and pathological conditions, some of them being markers of oxidative stress linked to inflammation. Recent data support the concept that cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases

The present study aims to investigate, immunohistochemically, the role of the adaptive immune response in cardiac arrest/resuscitation-induced ischemia–reperfusion renal injury (IRI), namely to assess the presence of lymphocytes in renal tissue samples and the connection between the extent of the damage and the concentration of the lymphocytes by comparing the kidneys of non resuscitated swine with

Ecology and morphology are different, and yet in comparative studies of fossil vertebrates the two are often conflated. The macroevolution of Mesozoic marine tetrapods has been explored in terms of morphological disparity, but less commonly using ecological‐functional categories. Here we use ecospace modelling to quantify ecological disparity across all Mesozoic marine tetrapods. We document the explosive

This paper proposes a methodological approach to analyzing the evolution of the stability of socioeconomic systems and to assessing the risk of their possible destabilization based on the use of mathematical modeling methods. In this paper, a basic model is presented allowing us to describe the joint dynamics of processes in the economic, organizational, and sociopsychological areas of society. The

Traditionally thought of primarily as the predominant regulator of myocardial perfusion, it is becoming more accepted that the human coronary microvasculature also exerts a more direct influence on the surrounding myocardium. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) not only precedes large artery atherosclerosis, but is associated with other cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure with preserved

Preconditioning of endothelial cells from different vascular beds has potential value for re‐endothelialization and implantation of engineered tissues. Understanding how substrate stiffness and composition affects tissue‐specific cell response to shear stress will aid in successful endothelialization of engineered tissues. We developed a platform to test biomechanical and biochemical stimuli.

This study involves the generation of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) via a novel natural/non-toxic methodology using tea and orange-peel extracts. These were then embedded into a novel blend composed of a polyethylene oxide and gelatin (PEO-Gel) fibre mat. The scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the addition of both collagen (COL) and ascorbic acid (AA) into the PEO-Gel system (PEO-Gel-AA-COL

In this study, we report the synthesis of a highly stable, magnetically retrievable gold and palladium nanocatalyst ([email protected]), highly active in Suzuki cross-coupling and related homocoupling reactions. The active catalytic component in this system is palladium, which can only be stabilized in the presence of gold nanoparticles. There is no significant loss of activity even after prolonged

Although many studies have investigated the phase change of water, few have focused on the sublimation of ice. This study revealed that ice sublimation can be observed using terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. From measurements in the range of 210–270 K, the sublimation was observed over the entire temperature range and the rate of sublimation was increased proportionally with temperature. Particularly on

High specific surface area makes carbon nanofibres suitable for catalyst support. Here we report on optimization of carbon nanofibre (CNF) growth on molybdenum carbide nanowires (MoCNW) by direct carburization of Mo6S2I8 nanowire bundles. Typical CNFs obtained by this method are several hundreds of nanometres long at a diameter of 10–20 nm. We show that nanofibre growth does not depend on the initial

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has so far infected more than 31 million people around the world, and its impact is being felt by all. Patients with diseases such as COVID-19 should ideally be treated in negative pressure isolation rooms. However, due to the overwhelming demand for hospital beds, patients have been treated in general wards, hospital corridors and makeshift hospitals. Adequate building ventilation

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Adaptive phenotypes often arise by rewiring existing developmental networks. Co-option of transcription factors in novel contexts has facilitated the evolution of ecologically important adaptations. doublesex (dsx) governs fundamental sex differentiation during embryonic stages and has been co-opted to regulate diverse secondary sexual dimorphisms during pupal development of holometabolous insects

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Scholars have noted major disparities in the extent of scientific research conducted among taxonomic groups. Such trends may cascade if future scientists gravitate towards study species with more data and resources already available. As new technologies emerge, do research studies employing these technologies continue these disparities? Here, using non-human primates as a case study, we identified

Barnacles are ancient arthropods that, as adults, are surrounded by a hard, mineralized, outer shell that the organism produces for protection. While extensive research has been conducted on the glue-like cement that barnacles use to adhere to surfaces, less is known about the barnacle exoskeleton, especially the process by which the barnacle exoskeleton is formed. Here, we present data exploring the

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The unprecedented global spread of COVID-19 has prompted dramatic public-health measures like strict stay-at-home orders and economic shutdowns. Some governments have resisted such measures in the hope that naturally acquired shield immunity could slow the spread of the virus. In the absence of empirical data about the effectiveness of these measures, policymakers must turn to epidemiological modelling

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

On 8 April 2020, the Chinese government lifted the lockdown and opened up public transportation in Wuhan, China, the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic. After 76 days in lockdown, Wuhan residents were allowed to travel outside of the city and go back to work. Yet, given that there is still no vaccine for the virus, this leaves many doubting whether life will indeed go back to normal. The aim of this

The current COVID-19 pandemic has been officially linked to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people across the globe in just a few months. It is particularly lethal for the elderly in general, as well as for populations residing in long-term stay facilities. By this time, those working and caring for high-risk populations have been exposed to very intense and sudden levels of physical and psychological

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

In membrane separation technologies, membrane modules are used to separate chemical components. In membrane technology, understanding the behavior of fluids inside membrane module is challenging, and numerical methods are possible by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). On the other hand, the optimization of membrane technology via CFD needs time and computational costs. Artificial Intelligence

Antimicrobials are used to support livestock health and productivity, but might pose a risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance; in particular, when multiple livestock species are raised together in production systems. On integrated chicken-fish farms, chickens are raised over fish ponds and poultry faeces is excreted into the ponds. We investigated antimicrobial usage and the antimicrobial

MAS-related G protein coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2), expressed in human mast cells, is associated with drug-induced pseudo-allergic reactions. Dogs are highly susceptible to drug-induced anaphylactoid reactions caused by various drugs; however, the distribution and physiological function of canine MRGPR family genes, including MRGPRX2, remain largely unknown. In the present study, we clarified the

Food thickening agents are used to aid the administration of medicine to elderly patients with dysphagia. Magnesium oxide tablets are sometimes administered with food thickening agents. Non-disintegration and disintegration delay of these tablets in the body are problems associated with food thickening agent use. However, the appropriate usage of food thickening agents for administering tablets is

Systemic insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, are a major contributor towards beneficial insect declines. This has led to bans and restrictions on neonicotinoid use globally, most noticeably in the European Union, where four commonly used neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and thiacloprid) are banned from outside agricultural use. While this might seem like a victory for conservation

The study design is case–control. To evaluate the impact of preoperative coronal patterns based on the relationship between orientation of L4 coronal tilt and C7 plumb line on immediate postoperative coronal imbalance in degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) patients. Although lumbosacral fractional curve has been long stressed in correction surgery of DLS, there is paucity of literature focusing on

Group living is a common strategy used by fishes to improve their fitness. While sociality is associated with many benefits in natural environments, including predator avoidance, this behaviour may be maladaptive in the Anthropocene. Humans have become the dominant predator in many marine systems, with modern fishing gear developed to specifically target groups of schooling species. Therefore, ironically

Although dominance hierarchies occur in most societies, our understanding of how these power structures influence individual investment in cooperative and competitive behaviours remains elusive. Both conflict and cooperation in animal societies are often environmentally regulated, yet how individuals alter their cooperative and competitive investments as environmental quality changes remain unclear

To investigate associations of the duration of voriconazole treatment and radiological response with relapse of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in immunocompromised patients, we explored the risk factors for IPA relapse after successful initial treatment. All patients with proven or probable IPA who had finished voriconazole treatment between 2005 and 2019 in a tertiary-care hospital were reviewed

Bees and other beneficial insects experience multiple stressors within agricultural landscapes that act together to impact their health and diminish their ability to deliver the ecosystem services on which human food supplies depend. Disentangling the effects of coupled stressors is a primary challenge for understanding how to promote their populations and ensure robust pollination and other ecosystem

The structure of a genome can be described at its simplest by the number of chromosomes and the sex chromosome system it contains. Despite over a century of study, the evolution of genome structure on this scale remains recalcitrant to broad generalizations that can be applied across clades. To address this issue, we have assembled a dataset of 823 karyotypes from the insect group Polyneoptera. This

The acquisition of elongated, sabre-like canines in multiple vertebrate clades during the last 265 Myr represents a remarkable example for convergent evolution. Due to striking superficial similarities in the cranial skeleton, the same or similar skull and jaw functions have been inferred for sabre-toothed species and interpreted as an adaptation to subdue large-bodied prey. However, although some

Sexual dimorphism is evident in brain structure, size, and function throughout multiple species. Here, we tested whether cerebrospinal fluid entry into the glymphatic system, a network of perivascular fluid transport that clears metabolic waste from the brain, was altered between male and female mice. We analyze glymphatic influx in 244 young reproductive age (2–4 months) C57BL/6 mice. We found no

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a highly conserved mechanism of DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair. Here we utilize a computational protein-protein interaction method to identify human PRKACB as a potential candidate interacting with NHEJ proteins. We show that the deletion of its yeast homolog, TPK1 that codes for the protein kinase A catalytic subunit reduces the efficiency of NHEJ repair

When fitting prosthetic feet, prosthetists fuse information from their visual assessment of patient gait with the patient’s communicated perceptions and preferences. In this study, we sought to simultaneously and independently assess patient and prosthetist preference for prosthetic foot stiffness using a custom variable-stiffness prosthesis. In the first part of the experiment, seven subjects with

Secretin is a gastrointestinal hormone that exerts multiple physiological functions via activation of the secretin receptor (SECR). SECR belongs to the class B G-protein-coupled receptors and is involved in various processes, such as regulation of the pH of the duodenal content, food intake, and water homeostasis. Here, we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of human SECR bound to secretin

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can deliver payloads into cells by forming complexes with bioactive molecules via either covalent or non-covalent bonds. Previously, we reported polyhistidine (H16 peptide: HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH-NH2) as a new CPP. This peptide is anticipated to be a valuable new carrier for drug delivery to intracellular lysosomes; the peptide can transport macromolecules into these organelles

The homochirality of amino acids in living organisms is one of the great mysteries in the phenomena of life. To understand the chiral recognition of amino acids, we have used scanning tunnelling microscopy to investigate the self-assembly of molecules of the amino acid tryptophan (Trp) on Au(111). Earlier experiments showed only homochiral configurations in the self-assembly of amino acids, despite

Central administration of L-arginine was reported to attenuate stress responses in neonatal chicks. The present study aimed to elucidate the differential effects of centrally administered L-arginine and its enantiomer, D-arginine, on the stress response in chicks and the associated mechanisms. Intracerebroventricular injection of L-arginine attenuated acute isolation stress by inducing sleep-like behavior

This study aimed to identify potential predictive factors for the survival of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients undergoing pemetrexed maintenance therapy. 122 advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients who received pemetrexed maintenance therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan–Meier method with Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed

Lysosomal integral membrane protein-2 (LIMP-2) is a type III transmembrane protein that is highly glycosylated and mainly localized to the lysosomal membrane. The diverse functions of LIMP-2 are currently being uncovered; however, its participation in macroautophagy, usually described as autophagy, has not yet been well-investigated. To determine the possible involvement of LIMP-2 in autophagic activity

AntiTNF-α biosimilars are broadly available for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. There are a lot of data concerning the maintenance of clinical efficacy after switching from originators to biosimilars; therefore, such a transition is increasingly encouraged both in the US and Europe. However, there are reports about flares and adverse events (AE) as a non-medical switch remains controversial

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the main histological subtype of liver malignancy with poor prognosis. A growing body of evidence showed that Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are related to HCC tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we investigated the function and regulation of circ-0038718 in HCC. We found that circ-0038718 was frequently elevated in HCC specimens and cell lines. High expression

Turf algae become the most abundant benthic group on coral reefs after mass coral bleaching. By defending feeding territories, damselfishes enhance the growth of turf algae in so-called algal farms and affect coral communities both directly and indirectly. We found several white scars (i.e., bite lesions) on massive Porites colonies around feeding territories. In this study, we examined the occurrence

Isoparvifuran is a benzofuran compound isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera. Related research reported that isoparvifuran has antioxidant property. However, it is unclear whether isoparvifuran has anti-aging effects. In this research, we established an aging model, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced BJ cell senescence, to explore the protective effect of isoparvifuran on cell senescence

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates various environmental signals to regulate cell growth and metabolism. mTORC1 activity is sensitive to changes in amino acid levels. Here, we investigated the effect of lysine on mTORC1 activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Lysine deprivation suppressed mTORC1 activity and lysine replenishment restored the decreased mTORC1

The aim of this study is the rapid detection of food pressed oils adulteration with their refined versions, using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The study investigates some common oil physico-chemical parameters such are: density, viscosity, refractive index, acid index, peroxide value, saponification index, to detect differences between cold pressed oils versus refined ones, for some food-grade oils found on

BET inhibitor (BETi) has potential therapeutic effects on human cancer especially in breast cancer. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we found that BETi JQ1 and I-BET-151 (I-BET) activated ATF2 through JNK1/2 pathway in breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 (MB-231). In addition, overexpression of ATF2 blocked the reduction of cell viability induced by JQ1 or I-BET in breast cancer

Previous studies have reported that continuous infusion with substance P (SP) into rat dorsal striatum ameliorated both mechanical allodynia in both formalin-evoked transient inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain models. However, a role of striatal SP in persistent inflammatory pain has not been demonstrated. The current study examined the effect of continuous infusion of SP into the rat dorsal striatum

The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of low-intensity pulsed US on the delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) into MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer and A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell 2D and 3D cultures. US with pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz and 1 MHz center frequency was generated with peak negative pressure of 0.5 MPa and 50% duty cycle. SonoVue microbubbles were used. Spheroids

Quercetin is a natural flavonoid which has been reported to be analgesic in different animal models of pain. However, the mechanism underlying the pain-relieving effects is still unclear. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play critical roles in controlling pacemaker activity in cardiac and nervous systems, making the channel a new target for therapeutic exploration

This study aimed to analyse the cross-sectional and prospective relationship between moderate and vigorous physical activity (PA) and depression symptoms. This study analysed 32,392 European late middle-aged to older adults, from 14 European countries across a 4-year follow-up. Data was collected in the fourth (in 2011) and sixth (in 2015) wave, from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe