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Anomalous crystalline ordering of particles in a viscoelastic fluid under high shear Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Sijie Sun, Nan Xue, Stefano Aime, Hyoungsoo Kim, Jizhou Tang, Gareth H. McKinley, Howard A. Stone, David A. Weitz
Addition of particles to a viscoelastic suspension dramatically alters the properties of the mixture, particularly when it is sheared or otherwise processed. Shear-induced stretching of the polymers results in elastic stress that causes a substantial increase in measured viscosity with increasing shear, and an attractive interaction between particles, leading to their chaining. At even higher shear
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Local extracellular K + in cortex regulates norepinephrine levels, network state, and behavioral output Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Andrea Grostøl Dietz, Pia Weikop, Natalie Hauglund, Mie Andersen, Nicolas Caesar Petersen, Laura Rose, Hajime Hirase, Maiken Nedergaard
Extracellular potassium concentration ([K + ] e ) is known to increase as a function of arousal. [K + ] e is also a potent modulator of transmitter release. Yet, it is not known whether [K + ] e is involved in the neuromodulator release associated with behavioral transitions. We here show that manipulating [K + ] e controls the local release of monoaminergic neuromodulators, including norepinephrine
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Multiomic prediction of therapeutic targets for human diseases associated with protein phase separation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Christine M. Lim, Alicia González Díaz, Monika Fuxreiter, Frank W. Pun, Alex Zhavoronkov, Michele Vendruscolo
The phenomenon of protein phase separation (PPS) underlies a wide range of cellular functions. Correspondingly, the dysregulation of the PPS process has been associated with numerous human diseases. To enable therapeutic interventions based on the regulation of this association, possible targets should be identified. For this purpose, we present an approach that combines the multiomic PandaOmics platform
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Maternally derived antibody titer dynamics and risk of hospitalized infant dengue disease Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Megan O’Driscoll, Darunee Buddhari, Angkana T. Huang, Adam Waickman, Surachai Kaewhirun, Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Direk Khampaen, Aaron Farmer, Stefan Fernandez, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Stephen Thomas, Timothy Endy, Alan L. Rothman, Kathryn Anderson, Derek A. T. Cummings, Henrik Salje
Infants less than 1 y of age experience high rates of dengue disease in dengue virus (DENV) endemic countries. This burden is commonly attributed to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), whereby concentrations of maternally derived DENV antibodies become subneutralizing, and infection-enhancing. Understanding antibody-related mechanisms of enhanced infant dengue disease risk represents a significant
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Circadian ribosome profiling reveals a role for the Period2 upstream open reading frame in sleep Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Arthur Millius, Rikuhiro G. Yamada, Hiroshi Fujishima, Kazuhiko Maeda, Daron M. Standley, Kenta Sumiyama, Dimitri Perrin, Hiroki R. Ueda
Many mammalian proteins have circadian cycles of production and degradation, and many of these rhythms are altered posttranscriptionally. We used ribosome profiling to examine posttranscriptional control of circadian rhythms by quantifying RNA translation in the liver over a 24-h period from circadian-entrained mice transferred to constant darkness conditions and by comparing ribosome binding levels
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The competition dynamics of approach and avoidance motivations following interpersonal transgression Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Bo Shen, Yang Chen, Zhewen He, Weijian Li, Hongbo Yu, Xiaolin Zhou
Two behavioral motivations coexist in transgressors following an interpersonal transgression—approaching and compensating the victim and avoiding the victim. Little is known about how these motivations arise, compete, and drive transgressors’ decisions. The present study adopted a social interaction task to manipulate participants’ (i.e., the transgressor) responsibility for another’s (i.e., the victim)
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Human-like scene interpretation by a guided counterstream processing Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Shimon Ullman, Liav Assif, Alona Strugatski, Ben-Zion Vatashsky, Hila Levi, Aviv Netanyahu, Adam Yaari
In modeling vision, there has been a remarkable progress in recognizing a range of scene components, but the problem of analyzing full scenes, an ultimate goal of visual perception, is still largely open. To deal with complete scenes, recent work focused on the training of models for extracting the full graph-like structure of a scene. In contrast with scene graphs, humans’ scene perception focuses
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Context-dependent function of the transcriptional regulator Rap1 in gene silencing and activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Eliana R. Bondra, Jasper Rine
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, heterochromatin is formed through interactions between site-specific DNA-binding factors, including the transcriptional activator Repressor Activator Protein (Rap1), and Sir proteins. Despite an understanding of the establishment and maintenance of Sir-silenced chromatin, the mechanism of gene silencing by Sir proteins has remained a mystery. Utilizing high-resolution chromatin
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Regulation and remodeling of microbial symbiosis in insect metamorphosis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Sayumi Oishi, Minoru Moriyama, Masaki Mizutani, Ryo Futahashi, Takema Fukatsu
Many insects are dependent on microbial mutualists, which are often harbored in specialized symbiotic organs. Upon metamorphosis, insect organs are drastically reorganized. What mechanism regulates the remodeling of the symbiotic organ upon metamorphosis? How does it affect the microbial symbiont therein? Here, we addressed these fundamental issues of symbiosis by experimentally manipulating insect
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Externalized histones fuel pulmonary fibrosis via a platelet-macrophage circuit of TGFβ1 and IL-27 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Dennis R. Riehl, Arjun Sharma, Julian Roewe, Florian Murke, Clemens Ruppert, Sabine A. Eming, Tobias Bopp, Hartmut Kleinert, Markus P. Radsak, Giuseppe Colucci, Saravanan Subramaniam, Christoph Reinhardt, Bernd Giebel, Immo Prinz, Andreas Guenther, Dennis Strand, Matthias Gunzer, Ari Waisman, Peter A. Ward, Wolfram Ruf, Katrin Schäfer, Markus Bosmann
Externalized histones erupt from the nucleus as extracellular traps, are associated with several acute and chronic lung disorders, but their implications in the molecular pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease are incompletely defined. To investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of externalized histones within the immunologic networks of pulmonary fibrosis, we studied externalized histones
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Nonreciprocal interactions give rise to fast cilium synchronization in finite systems Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 David J. Hickey, Ramin Golestanian, Andrej Vilfan
Motile cilia beat in an asymmetric fashion in order to propel the surrounding fluid. When many cilia are located on a surface, their beating can synchronize such that their phases form metachronal waves. Here, we computationally study a model where each cilium is represented as a spherical particle, moving along a tilted trajectory with a position-dependent active driving force and a position-dependent
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Divergent roles for STAT4 in shaping differentiation of cytotoxic ILC1 and NK cells during gut inflammation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Gianluca Scarno, Julija Mazej, Mattia Laffranchi, Chiara Di Censo, Irene Mattiola, Arianna M. Candelotti, Giuseppe Pietropaolo, Helena Stabile, Cinzia Fionda, Giovanna Peruzzi, Stephen R. Brooks, Wanxia Li Tsai, Yohei Mikami, Giovanni Bernardini, Angela Gismondi, Silvano Sozzani, James P. Di Santo, Christian A. J. Vosshenrich, Andreas Diefenbach, Massimo Gadina, Angela Santoni, Giuseppe Sciumè
Natural killer (NK) cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) require signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) to elicit rapid effector responses and protect against pathogens. By combining genetic and transcriptomic approaches, we uncovered divergent roles for STAT4 in regulating effector differentiation of these functionally related cell types. Stat4 deletion in Ncr1 -expressing
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Intrinsic disorder and conformational coexistence in auxin coreceptors Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Sigurd Ramans-Harborough, Arnout P. Kalverda, Iain W. Manfield, Gary S. Thompson, Martin Kieffer, Veselina Uzunova, Mussa Quareshy, Justyna M. Prusinska, Suruchi Roychoudhry, Ken-ichiro Hayashi, Richard Napier, Charo del Genio, Stefan Kepinski
AUXIN/INDOLE 3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) transcriptional repressor proteins and the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB) proteins to which they bind act as auxin coreceptors. While the structure of TIR1 has been solved, structural characterization of the regions of the Aux/IAA protein responsible for auxin perception has been complicated by their predicted disorder. Here, we
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Bacterial SEAL domains undergo autoproteolysis and function in regulated intramembrane proteolysis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Anna P. Brogan, Cameron Habib, Samuel J. Hobbs, Philip J. Kranzusch, David Z. Rudner
Gram-positive bacteria use SigI/RsgI-family sigma factor/anti-sigma factor pairs to sense and respond to cell wall defects and plant polysaccharides. In Bacillus subtilis, this signal transduction pathway involves regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) of the membrane-anchored anti-sigma factor RsgI. However, unlike most RIP signaling pathways, site-1 cleavage of RsgI on the extracytoplasmic side
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Structure of the bc 1 – cbb 3 respiratory supercomplex from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Justin M. Di Trani, Andreea A. Gheorghita, Madison Turner, Peter Brzezinski, Pia Ädelroth, Siavash Vahidi, P. Lynne Howell, John L. Rubinstein
Energy conversion by electron transport chains occurs through the sequential transfer of electrons between protein complexes and intermediate electron carriers, creating the proton motive force that enables ATP synthesis and membrane transport. These protein complexes can also form higher order assemblies known as respiratory supercomplexes (SCs). The electron transport chain of the opportunistic pathogen
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Cooperation and cheating orchestrate Vibrio assemblages and polymicrobial synergy in oysters infected with OsHV-1 virus Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Daniel Oyanedel, Arnaud Lagorce, Maxime Bruto, Philippe Haffner, Amandine Morot, Yannick Labreuche, Yann Dorant, Sébastien de La Forest Divonne, François Delavat, Nicolas Inguimbert, Caroline Montagnani, Benjamin Morga, Eve Toulza, Cristian Chaparro, Jean-Michel Escoubas, Yannick Gueguen, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Julien de Lorgeril, Bruno Petton, Lionel Degremont, Delphine Tourbiez, Léa-Lou Pimparé, Marc
Polymicrobial infections threaten the health of humans and animals but remain understudied in natural systems. We recently described the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS), a polymicrobial disease affecting oyster production worldwide. In the French Atlantic coast, the disease involves coinfection with ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and virulent Vibrio . However, it is unknown whether consistent
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More than just an eagle killer: The freshwater cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola produces highly toxic dolastatin derivatives Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Markus Schwark, José A. Martínez Yerena, Kristin Röhrborn, Pavel Hrouzek, Petra Divoká, Lenka Štenclová, Kateřina Delawská, Heike Enke, Christopher Vorreiter, Faith Wiley, Wolfgang Sippl, Roman Sobotka, Subhasish Saha, Susan B. Wilde, Jan Mareš, Timo H. J. Niedermeyer
Cyanobacteria are infamous producers of toxins. While the toxic potential of planktonic cyanobacterial blooms is well documented, the ecosystem level effects of toxigenic benthic and epiphytic cyanobacteria are an understudied threat. The freshwater epiphytic cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola has recently been shown to produce the “eagle killer” neurotoxin aetokthonotoxin (AETX) causing the fatal
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Dark defaults: How choice architecture steers political campaign donations Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Nathaniel Posner, Andrey Simonov, Kellen Mrkva, Eric J. Johnson
In the months before the 2020 U.S. election, several political campaign websites added prechecked boxes (defaults), automatically making all donations into recurring weekly contributions unless donors unchecked them. Since these changes occurred at different times for different campaigns, we use a staggered difference-in-differences design to measure the causal effects of defaults on donors’ behavior
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Hippocampal activity predicts contextual misattribution of false memories Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Noa Herz, Bernard R. Bukala, James E. Kragel, Michael J. Kahana
Failure of contextual retrieval can lead to false recall, wherein people retrieve an item or experience that occurred in a different context or did not occur at all. Whereas the hippocampus is thought to play a crucial role in memory retrieval, we lack understanding of how the hippocampus supports retrieval of items related to a target context while disregarding related but irrelevant information.
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Progress in modeling dynamic systems for sustainable development Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Noelle E. Selin, Amanda Giang, William C. Clark
This Perspective evaluates recent progress in modeling nature–society systems to inform sustainable development. We argue that recent work has begun to address longstanding and often-cited challenges in bringing modeling to bear on problems of sustainable development. For each of four stages of modeling practice—defining purpose, selecting components, analyzing interactions, and assessing interventions—we
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α-lipoic acid ameliorates consequences of copper overload by up-regulating selenoproteins and decreasing redox misbalance Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Ekaterina Kabin, Yixuan Dong, Shubhrajit Roy, Julia Smirnova, Joshua W. Smith, Martina Ralle, Kelly Summers, Haojun Yang, Som Dev, Yu Wang, Benjamin Devenney, Robert N. Cole, Peep Palumaa, Svetlana Lutsenko
α-lipoic acid (LA) is an essential cofactor for mitochondrial dehydrogenases and is required for cell growth, metabolic fuel production, and antioxidant defense. In vitro, LA binds copper (Cu) with high affinity and as an endogenous membrane permeable metabolite could be advantageous in mitigating the consequences of Cu overload in human diseases. We tested this hypothesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with
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Ribosome-binding antibiotics increase bacterial longevity and growth efficiency Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Emily Wood, Hinrich Schulenburg, Philip Rosenstiel, Tobias Bergmiller, Dyan Ankrett, Ivana Gudelj, Robert Beardmore
Antibiotics, by definition, reduce bacterial growth rates in optimal culture conditions; however, the real-world environments bacteria inhabit see rapid growth punctuated by periods of low nutrient availability. How antibiotics mediate population decline during these periods is poorly understood. Bacteria cannot optimize for all environmental conditions because a growth-longevity tradeoff predicts
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Girls’ comparative advantage in language arts explains little of the gender gap in math-related fields: A replication and extension Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Sirui Wan, Fani Lauermann, Drew H. Bailey, Jacquelynne S. Eccles
Women remain underrepresented in most math-intensive fields. [Breda and Napp, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116 , 15435 (2019)] reported that girls’ comparative advantage in reading over math (i.e., the intraindividual differences between girls’ reading vs. math performance, compared to such differences for boys) could explain up to 80% of the gender gap in students’ intentions to pursue math-intensive
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Growth mechanisms and anisotropic softness–dependent conductivity of orientation-controllable metal–organic framework nanofilms Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Ming-Shui Yao, Ken-ichi Otake, Tomoyuki Koganezawa, Moe Ogasawara, Hitoshi Asakawa, Masahiko Tsujimoto, Zi-Qian Xue, Yan-Hong Li, Nathan C. Flanders, Ping Wang, Yi-Fan Gu, Tetsuo Honma, Shogo Kawaguchi, Yoshiki Kubota, Susumu Kitagawa
Conductive metal–organic frameworks ( c MOFs) manifest great potential in modern electrical devices due to their porous nature and the ability to conduct charges in a regular network. c MOFs applied in electrical devices normally hybridize with other materials, especially a substrate. Therefore, the precise control of the interface between c MOF and a substrate is particularly crucial. However, the
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The rise of New Guinea and the fall of Neogene global temperatures Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Peter E. Martin, Francis A. Macdonald, Nadine McQuarrie, Rebecca M. Flowers, Pierre J. Y. Maffre
The ~2,000-km-long Central Range of New Guinea is a hotspot of modern carbon sequestration due to the chemical weathering of igneous rocks with steep topography in the warm wet tropics. These high mountains formed in a collision between the Australian plate and ophiolite-bearing volcanic arc terranes, but poor resolution of the uplift and exhumation history has precluded assessments of the impact on
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Norm-violating rhetoric undermines support for participatory inclusiveness and political equality among Trump supporters Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Matthew E. K. Hall, James N. Druckman
Over the last decade, the United States has seen increasing antidemocratic rhetoric by political leaders. Yet, prior work suggests that such norm-violating rhetoric does not undermine support for democracy as a system of government. We argue that, while that may be true, such rhetoric does vitiate support for specific democratic principles. We test this theory by extending prior work to assess the
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Dysfunction of CD169 + macrophages and blockage of erythrocyte maturation as a mechanism of anemia in Plasmodium yoelii infection Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Keyla C. Tumas, Fangzheng Xu, Jian Wu, Maricarmen Hernandez, Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat, Lu Xia, Yu-chih Peng, Angela Musu Lavali, Xiao He, Brajesh K. Singh, Cui Zhang, Caroline Percopo, Chen-Feng Qi, Suming Huang, Carole A. Long, Xin-zhuan Su
Plasmodium parasites cause malaria with disease outcomes ranging from mild illness to deadly complications such as severe malarial anemia (SMA), pulmonary edema, acute renal failure, and cerebral malaria. In young children, SMA often requires blood transfusion and is a major cause of hospitalization. Malaria parasite infection leads to the destruction of infected and noninfected erythrocytes as well
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Nonequilibrium design strategies for functional colloidal assemblies Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Avishek Das, David T. Limmer
We use a nonequilibrium variational principle to optimize the steady-state, shear-induced interconversion of self-assembled nanoclusters of DNA-coated colloids. Employing this principle within a stochastic optimization algorithm allows us to identify design strategies for functional materials. We find that far-from-equilibrium shear flow can significantly enhance the flux between specific colloidal
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A predatory gastrula leads to symbiosis-independent settlement in Aiptasia Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Ira Maegele, Sebastian Rupp, Suat Özbek, Annika Guse, Elizabeth A. Hambleton, Thomas W. Holstein
The planula larvae of the sea anemone Aiptasia have so far not been reported to complete their life cycle by undergoing metamorphosis into adult forms. This has been a major obstacle in their use as a model for coral–dinoflagellate endosymbiosis. Here, we show that Aiptasia larvae actively feed on crustacean nauplii, displaying a preference for live prey. This feeding behavior relies on functional
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Trehalose-6-phosphate signaling regulates lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Stefania Morales-Herrera, Joris Jourquin, Frederic Coppé, Lorena Lopez-Galvis, Tom De Smet, Alaeddine Safi, Maria Njo, Cara A. Griffiths, John D. Sidda, James S. O. Mccullagh, Xiaochao Xue, Benjamin G. Davis, Johan Van der Eycken, Matthew J. Paul, Patrick Van Dijck, Tom Beeckman
Plant roots explore the soil for water and nutrients, thereby determining plant fitness and agricultural yield, as well as determining ground substructure, water levels, and global carbon sequestration. The colonization of the soil requires investment of carbon and energy, but how sugar and energy signaling are integrated with root branching is unknown. Here, we show through combined genetic and chemical
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Met receptor is essential for MAVS-mediated antiviral innate immunity in epithelial cells independent of its kinase activity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Ryu Imamura, Hiroki Sato, Dominic Chih-Cheng Voon, Takayoshi Shirasaki, Masao Honda, Makoto Kurachi, Katsuya Sakai, Kunio Matsumoto
Epithelial tissue is at the forefront of innate immunity, playing a crucial role in the recognition and elimination of pathogens. Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is necessary for epithelial cell survival, proliferation, and regeneration. Here, we showed that Met is essential for the induction of cytokine production by cytosolic nonself double-stranded RNA through retinoic acid–inducible gene-I-like
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Distinct context- and content-dependent population codes in superior colliculus during sensation and action Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Eve C. Ayar, Michelle R. Heusser, Clara Bourrelly, Neeraj J. Gandhi
Sensorimotor transformation is the process of first sensing an object in the environment and then producing a movement in response to that stimulus. For visually guided saccades, neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) emit a burst of spikes to register the appearance of stimulus, and many of the same neurons discharge another burst to initiate the eye movement. We investigated whether the neural signatures
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Direct observation of the collective modes of the charge density wave in the kagome metal CsV 3 Sb 5 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Doron Azoury, Alexander von Hoegen, Yifan Su, Kyoung Hun Oh, Tobias Holder, Hengxin Tan, Brenden R. Ortiz, Andrea Capa Salinas, Stephen D. Wilson, Binghai Yan, Nuh Gedik
A recently discovered group of kagome metals AV 3 Sb 5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) exhibit a variety of intertwined unconventional electronic phases, which emerge from a puzzling charge density wave phase. Understanding of this charge-ordered parent phase is crucial for deciphering the entire phase diagram. However, the mechanism of the charge density wave is still controversial, and its primary source of fluctuations—the
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8-oxoguanine riboswitches in bacteria detect and respond to oxidative DNA damage Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Siddhartha Hamal Dhakal, Kumari Kavita, Shanker S. S. Panchapakesan, Adam Roth, Ronald R. Breaker
Riboswitches rely on structured aptamer domains to selectively sense their target ligands and regulate gene expression. However, some riboswitch aptamers in bacteria carry mutations in their otherwise strictly conserved binding pockets that change ligand specificities. The aptamer domain of a riboswitch class originally found to selectively sense guanine forms a three-stem junction that has since been
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Acknowledging more biodiversity without more species Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Christophe Dufresnes, Nikolay Poyarkov, Daniel Jablonski
Delimiting and naming biodiversity is a vital step toward wildlife conservation and research. However, species delimitation must be consistent across biota so that the limited resources available for nature protection can be spent effectively and objectively. To date, newly discovered lineages typically are either left undescribed and thus remain unprotected or are being erroneously proposed as new
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Prevalence and predictors of wind energy opposition in North America Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Leah C. Stokes, Emma Franzblau, Jessica R. Lovering, Chris Miljanich
Addressing climate change requires societies to transition away from fossil fuels toward low-carbon energy, including renewables. Unfortunately, large wind projects have proven politically controversial, with groups opposing them across advanced economies. To date, there are few large-scale, systematic studies to identify the prevalence and predictors of opposition to wind energy projects. Here, we
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Sequential *CO management via controlling in situ reconstruction for efficient industrial-current-density CO 2 -to-C 2+ electroreduction Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Mao Wu, Danji Huang, Feili Lai, Ruoou Yang, Yan Liu, Jiakun Fang, Tianyou Zhai, Youwen Liu
Sequentially managing the coverage and dimerization of *CO on the Cu catalysts is desirable for industrial-current-density CO 2 reduction (CO 2 R) to C 2+ , which required the multiscale design of the surface atom/architecture. However, the oriented design is colossally difficult and even no longer valid due to unpredictable reconstruction. Here, we leverage the synchronous leaching of ligand molecules
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Cell type–specific cytonuclear coevolution in three allopolyploid plant species Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Keren Zhang, Xueru Zhao, Yue Zhao, Zhibin Zhang, Zhijian Liu, Ziyu Liu, Yanan Yu, Juzuo Li, Yiqiao Ma, Yuefan Dong, Xi Pang, Xin Jin, Ning Li, Bao Liu, Jonathan F. Wendel, Jixian Zhai, Yanping Long, Tianya Wang, Lei Gong
Cytonuclear disruption may accompany allopolyploid evolution as a consequence of the merger of different nuclear genomes in a cellular environment having only one set of progenitor organellar genomes. One path to reconcile potential cytonuclear mismatch is biased expression for maternal gene duplicates (homoeologs) encoding proteins that target to plastids and/or mitochondria. Assessment of this transcriptional
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Naming and shaming as a strategy for enforcing the Paris Agreement: The role of political institutions and public concern Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Astrid Dannenberg, Marcel Lumkowsky, Emily K. Carlton, David G. Victor
Enforcement is a challenge for effective international cooperation. In human rights and environmental law, along with many other domains of international cooperation, “naming and shaming” is often used as an enforcement mechanism in the absence of stronger alternatives. Naming and shaming hinges on the ability to identify countries whose efforts are inadequate and effectively shame them toward better
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Genomic analysis reveals a cryptic pangolin species Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Tong-Tong Gu, Hong Wu, Feng Yang, Philippe Gaubert, Sean P. Heighton, Yeyizhou Fu, Ke Liu, Shu-Jin Luo, Hua-Rong Zhang, Jing-Yang Hu, Li Yu
Eight extant species of pangolins are currently recognized. Recent studies found that two mitochondrial haplotypes identified in confiscations in Hong Kong could not be assigned to any known pangolin species, implying the existence of a species. Here, we report that two additional mitochondrial haplotypes identified in independent confiscations from Yunnan align with the putative species haplotypes
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Pattern detection in the TGFβ cascade controls the induction of long-term synaptic plasticity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Paige Miranda, Anastasios A. Mirisis, Nikolay V. Kukushkin, Thomas J. Carew
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is required for long-term memory (LTM) for sensitization in Aplysia . When LTM is induced using a two-trial training protocol, TGFβ inhibition only blocks LTM when administrated at the second, not the first trial. Here, we show that TGFβ acts as a “repetition detector” during the induction of two-trial LTM. Secretion of the biologically inert TGFβ proligand must
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Human verifications: Computable with truth values outside logic Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Philip N. Johnson-Laird, Ruth M. J. Byrne, Sangeet S. Khemlani
Cognitive scientists treat verification as a computation in which descriptions that match the relevant situation are true, but otherwise false. The claim is controversial: The logician Gödel and the physicist Penrose have argued that human verifications are not computable. In contrast, the theory of mental models treats verification as computable, but the two truth values of standard logics, true and
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Changes in parrot diversity after human arrival to the Caribbean Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Jessica A. Oswald, Brian Tilston Smith, Julie M. Allen, Robert P. Guralnick, David W. Steadman, Michelle J. LeFebvre
Humans did not arrive on most of the world’s islands until relatively recently, making islands favorable places for disentangling the timing and magnitude of natural and anthropogenic impacts on species diversity and distributions. Here, we focus on Amazona parrots in the Caribbean, which have close relationships with humans (e.g., as pets as well as sources of meat and colorful feathers). Caribbean
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Optimizing oxygen vacancies through grain boundary engineering to enhance electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Xiu Zhong, Enxian Yuan, Fu Yang, Yang Liu, Hao Lu, Jun Yang, Fei Gao, Yu Zhou, Jianming Pan, Jiawei Zhu, Chao Yu, Chengzhang Zhu, Aihua Yuan, Edison Huixiang Ang
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction is a challenging process that requires achieving high ammonia yield rate and reasonable faradaic efficiency. To address this issue, this study developed a catalyst by in situ anchoring interfacial intergrown ultrafine MoO 2 nanograins on N-doped carbon fibers. By optimizing the thermal treatment conditions, an abundant number of grain boundaries were generated between
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A robust, agnostic molecular biosignature based on machine learning Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 H. James Cleaves, Grethe Hystad, Anirudh Prabhu, Michael L. Wong, George D. Cody, Sophia Economon, Robert M. Hazen
The search for definitive biosignatures—unambiguous markers of past or present life—is a central goal of paleobiology and astrobiology. We used pyrolysis–gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to analyze chemically disparate samples, including living cells, geologically processed fossil organic material, carbon-rich meteorites, and laboratory-synthesized organic compounds and mixtures. Data
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The giant flexoelectric effect in a luffa plant-based sponge for green devices and energy harvesters Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Yudi Jiang, Dongze Yan, Jianxiang Wang, Li-Hua Shao, Pradeep Sharma
Soft materials that can produce electrical energy under mechanical stimulus or deform significantly via moderate electrical fields are important for applications ranging from soft robotics to biomedical science. Piezoelectricity, the property that would ostensibly promise such a realization, is notably absent from typical soft matter. Flexoelectricity is an alternative form of electromechanical coupling
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DAT, deacylating autotransporter toxin, from Bordetella parapertussis demyristoylates Gα i GTPases and contributes to cough Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Yukihiro Hiramatsu, Takashi Nishida, Natsuko Ota, Yuki Tamaki, Dendi K. Nugraha, Yasuhiko Horiguchi
The pathogenic bacteria Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis cause pertussis (whooping cough) and pertussis-like disease, respectively, both of which are characterized by paroxysmal coughing. We previously reported that pertussis toxin (PTx), which inactivates heterotrimeric GTPases of the G i family through ADP-ribosylation of their α subunits, causes coughing in combination with Vag8
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A TIAM1-TRIM28 complex mediates epigenetic silencing of protocadherins to promote migration of lung cancer cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Lucy Ginn, Joe Maltas, Martin J. Baker, Anshuman Chaturvedi, Leah Wilson, Ryan Guilbert, Fabio M. R. Amaral, Lynsey Priest, Holly Mole, Fiona Blackhall, Zoi Diamantopoulou, Tim C. P. Somervaille, Adam Hurlstone, Angeliki Malliri
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Its high mortality is associated with high metastatic potential. Here, we show that the RAC1-selective guanine nucleotide exchange factor T cell invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 (TIAM1) promotes cell migration and invasion in the most common subtype of lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), through an unexpected nuclear function
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Impairments in endogenous AMPA receptor dynamics correlates with learning deficits in Alzheimer’s disease model mice Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Kongjie Lu, Chenyang Li, Jiao Liu, Jinpeng Wang, Yongfeng Li, Bin He, Junzhao Li, Xiaochen Zhang, Mengping Wei, Yonglu Tian, Rong Zhang, Chen Zhang, Yong Zhang
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) play a critical role in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, and dysfunction or dysregulation of AMPARs could lead to various neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the dynamics and/or longitudinal changes of AMPARs in vivo during AD pathogenesis remain elusive. Here, employing 5xFAD SEP-GluA1 KI mice, we investigated endogenous
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The global biogeography and environmental drivers of fairy circles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Emilio Guirado, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Blas M. Benito, José Luis Molina-Pardo, Miguel Berdugo, Jaime Martínez-Valderrama, Fernando T. Maestre
Fairy circles (FCs) are regular vegetation patterns found in drylands of Namibia and Western Australia. It is virtually unknown whether they are also present in other regions of the world and which environmental factors determine their distribution. We conducted a global systematic survey and found FC-like vegetation patterns in 263 sites from 15 countries and three continents, including the Sahel
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In This Issue Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-19
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 38, September 2023.
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Internal feedback in the cortical perception–action loop enables fast and accurate behavior Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Jing Shuang Li, Anish A. Sarma, Terrence J. Sejnowski, John C. Doyle
Animals move smoothly and reliably in unpredictable environments. Models of sensorimotor control, drawing on control theory, have assumed that sensory information from the environment leads to actions, which then act back on the environment, creating a single, unidirectional perception–action loop. However, the sensorimotor loop contains internal delays in sensory and motor pathways, which can lead
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Signatures of Cooper pair dynamics and quantum-critical superconductivity in tunable carrier bands Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Zhiyu Dong, Patrick A. Lee, Leonid S. Levitov
Different superconducting pairing mechanisms are markedly distinct in the underlying Cooper pair kinematics. Quantum-critical soft modes drive pairing interactions in which the pair scattering processes are highly collinear and can be classified into two categories: forward scattering and backscattering. Conversely, in conventional phonon mechanisms, Cooper pair scattering is of a generic noncollinear
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Measuring prion propagation in single bacteria elucidates a mechanism of loss Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Krista Jager, Maria Teresa Orozco-Hidalgo, Benjamin Lennart Springstein, Euan Joly-Smith, Fotini Papazotos, EmilyKate McDonough, Eleanor Fleming, Giselle McCallum, Andy H. Yuan, Andreas Hilfinger, Ann Hochschild, Laurent Potvin-Trottier
Prions are self-propagating protein aggregates formed by specific proteins that can adopt alternative folds. Prions were discovered as the cause of the fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in mammals, but prions can also constitute nontoxic protein-based elements of inheritance in fungi and other species. Prion propagation has recently been shown to occur in bacteria for more than a hundred
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A wireless, battery-free device enables oxygen generation and immune protection of therapeutic xenotransplants in vivo Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Siddharth R. Krishnan, Claudia Liu, Matthew A. Bochenek, Suman Bose, Nima Khatib, Ben Walters, Laura O’Keeffe, Amanda Facklam, Robert Langer, Daniel G. Anderson
The immune isolation of cells within devices has the potential to enable long-term protein replacement and functional cures for a range of diseases, without requiring immune suppressive therapy. However, a lack of vasculature and the formation of fibrotic capsules around cell immune-isolating devices limits oxygen availability, leading to hypoxia and cell death in vivo. This is particularly problematic
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Scaphopoda is the sister taxon to Bivalvia: Evidence of ancient incomplete lineage sorting Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Hao Song, Yunan Wang, Haojing Shao, Zhuoqing Li, Pinli Hu, Meghan K. Yap-Chiongco, Pu Shi, Tao Zhang, Cui Li, Yiguan Wang, Peizhen Ma, Jakob Vinther, Haiyan Wang, Kevin M. Kocot
The almost simultaneous emergence of major animal phyla during the early Cambrian shaped modern animal biodiversity. Reconstructing evolutionary relationships among such closely spaced branches in the animal tree of life has proven to be a major challenge, hindering understanding of early animal evolution and the fossil record. This is particularly true in the species-rich and highly varied Mollusca
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Common population codes produce extremely nonlinear neural manifolds Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Anandita De, Rishidev Chaudhuri
Populations of neurons represent sensory, motor, and cognitive variables via patterns of activity distributed across the population. The size of the population used to encode a variable is typically much greater than the dimension of the variable itself, and thus, the corresponding neural population activity occupies lower-dimensional subsets of the full set of possible activity states. Given population
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Cryo-EM structures of human GPR34 enable the identification of selective antagonists Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Anjie Xia, Xihao Yong, Changbin Zhang, Guifeng Lin, Guowen Jia, Chang Zhao, Xin Wang, Yize Hao, Yifei Wang, Pei Zhou, Xin Yang, Yue Deng, Chao Wu, Yujiao Chen, Jiawei Zhu, Xiaodi Tang, Jingming Liu, Shiyu Zhang, Jiahao Zhang, Zheng Xu, Qian Hu, Jinlong Zhao, Yuting Yue, Wei Yan, Zhaoming Su, Yuquan Wei, Rongbin Zhou, Haohao Dong, Zhenhua Shao, Shengyong Yang
GPR34 is a functional G-protein-coupled receptor of Lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), and has pathogenic roles in numerous diseases, yet remains poorly targeted. We herein report a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of GPR34 bound with LysoPS (18:1) and G i protein, revealing a unique ligand recognition mode with the negatively charged head group of LysoPS occupying a polar cavity formed by
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Seeing is believing: The development of optical coherence tomography Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Jeremy Nathans
The 2023 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award is being presented to James Fujimoto, David Huang, and Eric Swanson for their invention and development of optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging technology that uses light to visualize microscopic structures within tissues such as the retina. OCT has dramatically changed the practice of ophthalmology and improved the lives of millions
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Pathogenic bacteria exploit transferrin receptor transcytosis to penetrate the blood–brain barrier Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Zhihui Cheng, Yangyang Zheng, Wen Yang, Hongmin Sun, Fangyu Zhou, Chuangjie Huang, Shuwen Zhang, Yingying Song, Qi’an Liang, Nan Yang, Meifang Li, Bin Liu, Lu Feng, Lei Wang
The human blood–brain barrier (BBB) comprises a single layer of brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) protecting the brain from bloodborne pathogens. Meningitis is among the most serious diseases, but the mechanisms by which major meningitis-causing bacterial pathogens cross the BBB to reach the brain remain poorly understood. We found that Streptococcus pneumoniae , group B Streptococcus