-
Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Chronic Cortical Inflammation and Neuronal Dysfunction Mediated by Microglia J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Kristina G. Witcher; Chelsea E. Bray; Titikorn Chunchai; Fangli Zhao; Shane M. O'Neil; Alan J. Gordillo; Warren A. Campbell; Daniel B. McKim; Xiaoyu Liu; Julia E. Dziabis; Ning Quan; Daniel S. Eiferman; Andy J. Fischer; Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran; Candice Askwith; Jonathan P. Godbout
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant neuropsychiatric problems and neurodegenerative pathologies, which develop and persist years after injury. Neuroinflammatory processes evolve over this same period. Therefore, we aimed to determine the contribution of microglia to neuropathology at acute [1 d postinjury (dpi)], subacute (7 dpi), and chronic (30 dpi) time points. Microglia were depleted
-
A Discrete Glycinergic Neuronal Population in the Ventromedial Medulla That Induces Muscle Atonia during REM Sleep and Cataplexy in Mice J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Shuntaro Uchida; Shingo Soya; Yuki C. Saito; Arisa Hirano; Keisuke Koga; Makoto Tsuda; Manabu Abe; Kenji Sakimura; Takeshi Sakurai
During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, anti-gravity muscle tone and bodily movements are mostly absent, because somatic motoneurons are inhibited by descending inhibitory pathways. Recent studies showed that glycine/GABA neurons in the ventromedial medulla (VMM; GlyVMM neurons) play an important role in generating muscle atonia during REM sleep (REM-atonia). However, how these REM-atonia-inducing neurons
-
Corticosterone Attenuates Reward-Seeking Behavior and Increases Anxiety via D2 Receptor Signaling in Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Beibei Peng; Qikuan Xu; Jing Liu; Sophie Guo; Stephanie L. Borgland; Shuai Liu
Corticosteroids (CORT) have been widely used in anti-inflammatory medication. Chronic CORT treatment can cause mesocorticolimbic system dysfunctions, which are known to play a key role for the development of psychiatric disorders. The VTA is a critical site in the mesocorticolimbic pathway and is responsible for motivation and reward-seeking behaviors. However, the mechanism by which chronic CORT alters
-
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Reduces Cocaine-Seeking and Downregulates Glutamatergic Synaptic Proteins in Medial Prefrontal Cortex J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Rebecca S. Hofford; Tanner J. Euston; Rashaun S. Wilson; Katherine R. Meckel; Emily G. Peck; Arthur Godino; Joseph A. Landry; Erin S. Calipari; TuKiet T. Lam; Drew D. Kiraly
Psychostimulant use disorder is a major public health issue, and despite the scope of the problem there are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments. There would be tremendous utility in development of a treatment that could help patients both achieve and maintain abstinence. Previous work from our group has identified granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a neuroactive
-
Basal Ganglia Output Has a Permissive Non-Driving Role in a Signaled Locomotor Action Mediated by the Midbrain J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Sebastian Hormigo; Ji Zhou; Dorian Chabbert; Bharanidharan Shanmugasundaram; Manuel A. Castro-Alamancos
The basal ganglia are important for movement and reinforcement learning. Using mice of either sex, we found that the main basal ganglia GABAergic output in the midbrain, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), shows movement-related neural activity during the expression of a negatively reinforced signaled locomotor action known as signaled active avoidance; this action involves mice moving away
-
Learning to Synchronize: Midfrontal Theta Dynamics during Rule Switching J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Pieter Verbeke; Kate Ergo; Esther De Loof; Tom Verguts
In recent years, several hierarchical extensions of well-known learning algorithms have been proposed. For example, when stimulus-action mappings vary across time or context, the brain may learn two or more stimulus-action mappings in separate modules, and additionally (at a hierarchically higher level) learn to appropriately switch between those modules. However, how the brain mechanistically coordinates
-
Memory Load Alters Perception-Related Neural Oscillations during Multisensory Integration J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Georgios Michail; Daniel Senkowski; Michael Niedeggen; Julian Keil
Integrating information across different senses is a central feature of human perception. Previous research suggests that multisensory integration is shaped by a context-dependent and largely adaptive interplay between stimulus-driven bottom-up and top-down endogenous influences. One critical question concerns the extent to which this interplay is sensitive to the amount of available cognitive resources
-
Photoreceptive Ganglion Cells Drive Circuits for Local Inhibition in the Mouse Retina J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Joseph Pottackal; Hannah L. Walsh; Pouyan Rahmani; Kathy Zhang; Nicholas J. Justice; Jonathan B. Demb
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) exhibit melanopsin-dependent light responses that persist in the absence of rod and cone photoreceptor-mediated input. In addition to signaling anterogradely to the brain, ipRGCs signal retrogradely to intraretinal circuitry via gap junction-mediated electrical synapses with amacrine cells (ACs). However, the targets and functions of these
-
Functional Differentiation of Mouse Visual Cortical Areas Depends upon Early Binocular Experience J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Kirstie J. Salinas; Carey Y. L. Huh; Jack H. Zeitoun; Sunil P. Gandhi
The mammalian visual cortex contains multiple retinotopically defined areas that process distinct features of the visual scene. Little is known about what guides the functional differentiation of visual cortical areas during development. Recent studies in mice have revealed that visual input from the two eyes provides spatiotemporally distinct signals to primary visual cortex (V1), such that contralateral
-
Laminar Origin of Corticostriatal Projections to the Motor Putamen in the Macaque Brain J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Elena Borra; Marianna Rizzo; Marzio Gerbella; Stefano Rozzi; Giuseppe Luppino
In the macaque brain, projections from distant, interconnected cortical areas converge in specific zones of the striatum. For example, specific zones of the motor putamen are targets of projections from frontal motor, inferior parietal, and ventrolateral prefrontal hand-related areas and thus are integral part of the so-called "lateral grasping network." In the present study, we analyzed the laminar
-
Spatial and Temporal Arrangement of Recurrent Inhibition in the Primate Upper Limb J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Steve A. Edgley; Elizabeth R. Williams; Stuart N. Baker
Renshaw cells mediate recurrent inhibition between motoneurons within the spinal cord. The function of this circuit is not clear; we previously suggested based on computational modeling that it may cancel oscillations in muscle activity around 10 Hz, thereby reducing physiological tremor. Such tremor is especially problematic for dexterous hand movements, yet knowledge of recurrent inhibitory function
-
An Angiotensin-Responsive Connection from the Lamina Terminalis to the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Evokes Vasopressin Secretion to Increase Blood Pressure in Mice J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Charles J. Frazier; Scott W. Harden; Amy R. Alleyne; Mazher Mohammed; Wanhui Sheng; Justin A. Smith; Khalid Elsaafien; Eliot A. Spector; Dominique N. Johnson; Karen A. Scott; Eric G. Krause; Annette D. de Kloet
Blood pressure is controlled by endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses that maintain blood volume and perfusion pressure at levels optimal for survival. Although it is clear that central angiotensin type 1a receptors (AT1aR; encoded by the Agtr1a gene) influence these processes, the neuronal circuits mediating these effects are incompletely understood. The present studies characterize the structure
-
Evidence for Subcortical Plasticity after Paired Stimulation from a Wearable Device J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Maria Germann; Stuart N. Baker
Existing non-invasive stimulation protocols can generate plasticity in the motor cortex and its corticospinal projections; techniques for inducing plasticity in subcortical circuits and alternative descending pathways such as the reticulospinal tract (RST) are less well developed. One possible approach developed by this laboratory pairs electrical muscle stimulation with auditory clicks, using a wearable
-
Structural and Functional Synaptic Plasticity Induced by Convergent Synapse Loss in the Drosophila Neuromuscular Circuit J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Yupu Wang; Meike Lobb-Rabe; James Ashley; Veera Anand; Robert A. Carrillo
Throughout the nervous system, the convergence of two or more presynaptic inputs on a target cell is commonly observed. The question we ask here is to what extent converging inputs influence each other's structural and functional synaptic plasticity. In complex circuits, isolating individual inputs is difficult because postsynaptic cells can receive thousands of inputs. An ideal model to address this
-
Differential Contribution of Cadm1-Cadm3 Cell Adhesion Molecules to Peripheral Myelinated Axons J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Natasha Sukhanov; Anya Vainshtein; Yael Eshed-Eisenbach; Elior Peles
Cell adhesion proteins of the Cadm (SynCAM/Necl) family regulate myelination and the organization of myelinated axons. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), intercellular contact between Schwann cells and their underlying axons is believed to be mediated by binding of glial Cadm4 to axonal Cadm3 or Cadm2. Nevertheless, given that distinct neurons express different combinations of the Cadm proteins
-
Retrograde Mitochondrial Transport Is Essential for Organelle Distribution and Health in Zebrafish Neurons J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Amrita Mandal; Hiu-Tung C. Wong; Katherine Pinter; Natalie Mosqueda; Alisha Beirl; Richa Madan Lomash; Sehoon Won; Katie S. Kindt; Catherine M. Drerup
In neurons, mitochondria are transported by molecular motors throughout the cell to form and maintain functional neural connections. These organelles have many critical functions in neurons and are of high interest as their dysfunction is associated with disease. While the mechanics and impact of anterograde mitochondrial movement toward axon terminals are beginning to be understood, the frequency
-
Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} Receptor Type 1 Activation in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Contributes to Glutamate Signaling and Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Clara Woods; Jose Marques-Lopes; Natalina H. Contoreggi; Teresa A. Milner; Virginia M. Pickel; Gang Wang; Michael J. Glass
There are significant neurogenic and inflammatory influences on blood pressure, yet the role played by each of these processes in the development of hypertension is unclear. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) has emerged as a critical modulator of blood pressure and neural plasticity; however, the mechanism by which TNFα signaling contributes to the development of hypertension is uncertain. We present
-
Hippocampus Guides Adaptive Learning during Dynamic Social Interactions J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Oriel FeldmanHall; David F. Montez; Elizabeth A. Phelps; Lila Davachi; Vishnu P. Murty
How do we evaluate whether someone will make a good friend or collaborative peer? A hallmark of human cognition is the ability to make adaptive decisions based on information garnered from limited prior experiences. Using an interactive social task measuring adaptive choice (deciding who to reengage or avoid) in male and female participants, we find the hippocampus supports value-based social choices
-
The VLPFC versus the DLPFC in Downregulating Social Pain Using Reappraisal and Distraction Strategies J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Jun Zhao; Licheng Mo; Rong Bi; Zhenhong He; Yuming Chen; Feng Xu; Hui Xie; Dandan Zhang
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) are both crucial structures involved in voluntary emotional regulation. However, it remains unclear whether the functions of these two cortical regions that are involved in emotional regulation, which are usually active in non-social situations, could be generalized to the regulation of social pain as well. This study employed
-
Social Transmission and Buffering of Hippocampal Metaplasticity after Stress in Mice J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 I-Chen Lee; Ting-Hsuan Yu; Wen-Hsin Liu; Kuei-Sen Hsu
In social animals, the behavioral and hormonal responses to stress can be transmitted from one individual to another through a social transmission process, and, conversely, social support ameliorates stress responses, a phenomenon referred to as social buffering. Metaplasticity represents activity-dependent synaptic changes that modulate the ability to elicit subsequent synaptic plasticity. Authentic
-
Correlates of Auditory Decision-Making in Prefrontal, Auditory, and Basal Lateral Amygdala Cortical Areas J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Julia L. Napoli; Corrie R. Camalier; Anna-Leigh Brown; Jessica Jacobs; Mortimer M. Mishkin; Bruno B. Averbeck
Spatial selective listening and auditory choice underlie important processes including attending to a speaker at a cocktail party and knowing how (or whether) to respond. To examine task encoding and the relative timing of potential neural substrates underlying these behaviors, we developed a spatial selective detection paradigm for monkeys, and recorded activity in primary auditory cortex (AC), dorsolateral
-
Active Transition of Fear Memory Phase from Reconsolidation to Extinction through ERK-Mediated Prevention of Reconsolidation J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Hotaka Fukushima; Yue Zhang; Satoshi Kida
The retrieval of fear memory induces two opposite memory process, i.e., reconsolidation and extinction. Brief retrieval induces reconsolidation to maintain or enhance fear memory, while prolonged retrieval extinguishes this memory. Although the mechanisms of reconsolidation and extinction have been investigated, it remains unknown how fear memory phases are switched from reconsolidation to extinction
-
Microglia Elimination Increases Neural Circuit Connectivity and Activity in Adult Mouse Cortex J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Yong-Jun Liu; Elizabeth E. Spangenberg; Bryan Tang; Todd C. Holmes; Kim N. Green; Xiangmin Xu
Microglia have crucial roles in sculpting synapses and maintaining neural circuits during development. To test the hypothesis that microglia continue to regulate neural circuit connectivity in adult brain, we have investigated the effects of chronic microglial depletion, via CSF1R inhibition, on synaptic connectivity in the visual cortex in adult mice of both sexes. We find that the absence of microglia
-
Seasonal Variation in the Brain {mu}-Opioid Receptor Availability J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Lihua Sun; Jing Tang; Heidi Liljenbäck; Aake Honkaniemi; Jenni Virta; Janne Isojärvi; Tomi Karjalainen; Tatu Kantonen; Pirjo Nuutila; Jarmo Hietala; Valtteri Kaasinen; Kari Kalliokoski; Jussi Hirvonen; Harry Scheinin; Semi Helin; Kim Eerola; Eriika Savontaus; Emrah Yatkin; Juha O. Rinne; Anne Roivainen; Lauri Nummenmaa
Seasonal rhythms influence mood and sociability. The brain μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of seasonally varying socioemotional functions, but its seasonal variation remains elusive with no previously reported in vivo evidence. Here, we first conducted a cross-sectional study with previously acquired human [11C]carfentanil PET imaging data (132 male and 72 female healthy subjects)
-
Dynamics of a Mutual Inhibition Circuit between Pyramidal Neurons Compared to Human Perceptual Competition J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Naoki Kogo; Felix B. Kern; Thomas Nowotny; Raymond van Ee; Richard van Wezel; Takeshi Aihara
Neural competition plays an essential role in active selection processes of noisy and ambiguous input signals, and it is assumed to underlie emergent properties of brain functioning, such as perceptual organization and decision-making. Despite ample theoretical research on neural competition, experimental tools to allow neurophysiological investigation of competing neurons have not been available.
-
Aberrant Maturation of the Uncinate Fasciculus Follows Exposure to Unpredictable Patterns of Maternal Signals J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Steven J. Granger; Laura M. Glynn; Curt A. Sandman; Steven L. Small; Andre Obenaus; David B. Keator; Tallie Z. Baram; Hal Stern; Michael A. Yassa; Elysia Poggi Davis
Across species, unpredictable patterns of maternal behavior are emerging as novel predictors of aberrant cognitive and emotional outcomes later in life. In animal models, exposure to unpredictable patterns of maternal behavior alters brain circuit maturation and cognitive and emotional outcomes. However, whether exposure to such signals in humans alters the development of brain pathways is unknown
-
Neuron-Specific FMRP Roles in Experience-Dependent Remodeling of Olfactory Brain Innervation during an Early-Life Critical Period J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Randall M. Golovin; Jacob Vest; Kendal Broadie
Critical periods are developmental windows during which neural circuits effectively adapt to the new sensory environment. Animal models of fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common monogenic autism spectrum disorder (ASD), exhibit profound impairments of sensory experience-driven critical periods. However, it is not known whether the causative fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) acts uniformly across
-
NMDA Receptor Enhances Correlation of Spontaneous Activity in Neonatal Barrel Cortex J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Hidenobu Mizuno; Madhura S. Rao; Hiromi Mizuno; Takuya Sato; Shingo Nakazawa; Takuji Iwasato
Correlated spontaneous activity plays critical role in the organization of neocortical circuits during development. However, cortical mechanisms regulating activity correlation are still elusive. In this study, using two-photon calcium imaging of the barrel cortex layer 4 (L4) in living neonatal mice, we found that NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in L4 neurons are important for enhancement of spontaneous activity
-
The Rac-GEF Tiam1 Promotes Dendrite and Synapse Stabilization of Dentate Granule Cells and Restricts Hippocampal-Dependent Memory Functions J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Jinxuan Cheng; Federico Scala; Francisco A. Blanco; Sanyong Niu; Karen Firozi; Laura Keehan; Shalaka Mulherkar; Emmanouil Froudarakis; Lingyong Li; Joseph G. Duman; Xiaolong Jiang; Kimberley F. Tolias
The dentate gyrus (DG) controls information flow into the hippocampus and is critical for learning, memory, pattern separation, and spatial coding, while DG dysfunction is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating DG neural circuit assembly and function remain unclear. Here, we identify the Rac-GEF Tiam1 as an important regulator of DG development
-
The BAD-BAX-Caspase-3 Cascade Modulates Synaptic Vesicle Pools via Autophagy J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Qinhua Gu; Song Jiao; Kaizheng Duan; Ya-Xian Wang; Ronald S. Petralia; Zheng Li
The BAD-BAX-caspase-3 cascade is a canonical apoptosis pathway. Macroautophagy ("autophagy" hereinafter) is a process by which organelles and aggregated proteins are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Here, we report a new function of the BAD-BAX-caspase-3 cascade and autophagy in the control of synaptic vesicle pools. We found that, in hippocampal neurons of male mice, the BAD-BAX-caspase-3 pathway
-
The mRNA-Binding Protein RBM3 Regulates Activity Patterns and Local Synaptic Translation in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Sinem M. Sertel; Malena S. von Elling-Tammen; Silvio O. Rizzoli
The activity and the metabolism of the brain change rhythmically during the day/night cycle. Such rhythmicity is also observed in cultured neurons from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is a critical center in rhythm maintenance. However, this issue has not been extensively studied in cultures from areas less involved in timekeeping, as the hippocampus. Using neurons cultured from the hippocampi of
-
High Salt Intake Recruits Tonic Activation of NR2D Subunit-Containing Extrasynaptic NMDARs in Vasopressin Neurons J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Chiranjivi Neupane; Ramesh Sharma; Yoon Hyung Pai; So Yeong Lee; Byeong Hwa Jeon; Hyun-Woo Kim; Javier E. Stern; Jin Bong Park
In addition to producing a classical excitatory postsynaptic current via activation of synaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs), glutamate in the brain also induces a tonic NMDAR current (INMDA) via activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs (eNMDARs). However, since Mg2+ blocks NMDARs in nondepolarized neurons, the potential contribution of eNMDARs to the overall neuronal excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance remains
-
How to Interpret Resting-State fMRI: Ask Your Participants J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Javier Gonzalez-Castillo; Julia W.Y. Kam; Colin W. Hoy; Peter A. Bandettini
Resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) reveals brain dynamics in a task-unconstrained environment as subjects let their minds wander freely. Consequently, resting subjects navigate a rich space of cognitive and perceptual states (i.e., ongoing experience). How this ongoing experience shapes rsfMRI summary metrics (e.g., functional connectivity) is unknown, yet likely to contribute uniquely to within- and between-subject
-
Establishment and Maintenance of Neural Circuit Architecture J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Emily L. Heckman; Chris Q. Doe
The ability to sense the world, process information, and navigate the environment depends on the assembly and continuous function of neural circuits in the brain. Within the past two decades, new technologies have rapidly advanced our understanding of how neural circuits are wired during development and how they are stably maintained, often for years. Electron microscopy reconstructions of model organism
-
Peripheral Myeloid Cell EP2 Activation Contributes to the Deleterious Consequences of Status Epilepticus J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Nicholas H. Varvel; Claudia Espinosa-Garcia; Sarah Hunter-Chang; Di Chen; Ariel Biegel; Allison Hsieh; Lisa Blackmer-Raynolds; Thota Ganesh; Raymond Dingledine
A multidimensional inflammatory response ensues after status epilepticus (SE), driven partly by cyclooxygenase-2-mediated activation of prostaglandin EP2 receptors. The inflammatory response is typified by astrocytosis, microgliosis, erosion of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), formation of inflammatory cytokines, and brain infiltration of blood-borne monocytes. Our previous studies have shown that inhibition
-
Multimodal Imaging Brain Markers in Early Adolescence Are Linked with a Physically Active Lifestyle J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Piergiorgio Salvan; Thomas Wassenaar; Catherine Wheatley; Nicholas Beale; Michiel Cottaar; Daniel Papp; Matteo Bastiani; Sean Fitzgibbon; Euguene Duff; Jesper Andersson; Anderson M. Winkler; Gwenaëlle Douaud; Thomas E. Nichols; Stephen Smith; Helen Dawes; Heidi Johansen-Berg
The World Health Organization promotes physical exercise and a healthy lifestyle as means to improve youth development. However, relationships between physical lifestyle and human brain development are not fully understood. Here, we asked whether a human brain–physical latent mode of covariation underpins the relationship between physical activity, fitness, and physical health measures with multimodal
-
Representation of Fear of Heights by Basolateral Amygdala Neurons J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Jun Liu; Longnian Lin; Dong V. Wang
Fear of heights is evolutionarily important for survival, yet it is unclear how and which brain regions process such height threats. Given the importance of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in mediating both learned and innate fear, we investigated how BLA neurons may respond to high-place exposure in freely behaving male mice. We found that a discrete set of BLA neurons exhibited robust firing increases
-
The Neurophysiological Basis of the Trial-Wise and Cumulative Ventriloquism Aftereffects J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Hame Park; Christoph Kayser
Our senses often receive conflicting multisensory information, which our brain reconciles by adaptive recalibration. A classic example is the ventriloquism aftereffect, which emerges following both cumulative (long-term) and trial-wise exposure to spatially discrepant multisensory stimuli. Despite the importance of such adaptive mechanisms for interacting with environments that change over multiple
-
Asymmetry of Auditory-Motor Speech Processing is Determined by Language Experience J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Ding-lan Tang; Riikka Möttönen; Salomi S. Asaridou; Kate E. Watkins
Speech processing relies on interactions between auditory and motor systems and is asymmetrically organized in the human brain. The left auditory system is specialized for processing of phonemes, whereas the right is specialized for processing of pitch changes in speech affecting prosody. In speakers of tonal languages, however, processing of pitch (i.e., tone) changes that alter word meaning is left-lateralized
-
Circadian-Dependent and Sex-Dependent Increases in Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration in Npas2 Mutant Mice J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Lauren M. DePoy; Darius D. Becker-Krail; Wei Zong; Kaitlyn Petersen; Neha M. Shah; Jessica H. Brandon; Alyssa M. Miguelino; George C. Tseng; Ryan W. Logan; Colleen A. McClung
Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with disruptions in circadian rhythms. The circadian transcription factor neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is enriched in reward-related brain regions and regulates reward, but its role in SU is unclear. To examine the role of NPAS2 in drug taking, we measured intravenous cocaine self-administration (acquisition, dose–response, progressive ratio, extinction
-
Stimulus-Specific Visual Working Memory Representations in Human Cerebellar Lobule VIIb/VIIIa J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 James A. Brissenden; Sean M. Tobyne; Mark A. Halko; David C. Somers
fMRI research has revealed that cerebellar lobule VIIb/VIIIa exhibits load-dependent activity that increases with the number of items held in visual working memory (VWM). However, it remains unclear whether these cerebellar responses reflect processes specific to VWM or more general visual attentional mechanisms. To investigate this question, we examined whether cerebellar activity during the delay
-
Finding Distributed Needles in Neural Haystacks J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Christopher R. Cox; Timothy T. Rogers
The human cortex encodes information in complex networks that can be anatomically dispersed and variable in their microstructure across individuals. Using simulations with neural network models, we show that contemporary statistical methods for functional brain imaging—including univariate contrast, searchlight multivariate pattern classification, and whole-brain decoding with L1 or L2 regularization—each
-
Extensive Cortical Convergence to Primate Reticulospinal Pathways J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Karen M. Fisher; Boubker Zaaimi; Steve A. Edgley; Stuart N. Baker
Early evolution of the motor cortex included development of connections to brainstem reticulospinal neurons; these projections persist in primates. In this study, we examined the organization of corticoreticular connections in five macaque monkeys (one male) using both intracellular and extracellular recordings from reticular formation neurons, including identified reticulospinal cells. Synaptic responses
-
Mossy Cells in the Dorsal and Ventral Dentate Gyrus Differ in Their Patterns of Axonal Projections J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Carolyn R. Houser; Zechun Peng; Xiaofei Wei; Christine S. Huang; Istvan Mody
Mossy cells (MCs) of the dentate gyrus (DG) are a major group of excitatory hilar neurons that are important for regulating activity of dentate granule cells. MCs are particularly intriguing because of their extensive longitudinal connections within the DG. It has generally been assumed that MCs in the dorsal and ventral DG have similar patterns of termination in the inner one-third of the dentate
-
How Behavior Shapes the Brain and the Brain Shapes Behavior: Insights from Memory Development J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Fengji Geng; Morgan Botdorf; Tracy Riggins
Source memory improves substantially during childhood. This improvement is thought to be closely related to hippocampal maturation. As previous studies have mainly used cross-sectional designs to assess relations between source memory and hippocampal function, it remains unknown whether changes in the brain precede improvements in memory or vice versa. To address this gap, the current study used an
-
Chondroitinase and Antidepressants Promote Plasticity by Releasing TRKB from Dephosphorylating Control of PTP{sigma} in Parvalbumin Neurons J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Angelina Lesnikova; Plinio Cabrera Casarotto; Senem Merve Fred; Mikko Voipio; Frederike Winkel; Anna Steinzeig; Hanna Antila; Juzoh Umemori; Caroline Biojone; Eero Castrén
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are an extracellular matrix structure rich in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which preferentially encase parvalbumin-containing (PV+) interneurons. PNNs restrict cortical network plasticity but the molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. We found that reactivation of ocular dominance plasticity in the adult visual cortex induced by chondroitinase ABC (chABC)-mediated
-
Impact of Acute and Persistent Excitation of Prelimbic Pyramidal Neurons on Motor Activity and Trace Fear Learning J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Timothy R. Rose; Ezequiel Marron Fernandez de Velasco; Baovi N. Vo; Megan E. Tipps; Kevin Wickman
Drug-induced neuroadaptations in the mPFC have been implicated in addictive behaviors. Repeated cocaine exposure has been shown to increase pyramidal neuron excitability in the prelimbic (PL) region of the mouse mPFC, an adaptation attributable to a suppression of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channel activity. After establishing that this neuroadaptation is not seen in adjacent GABA
-
ELAV Proteins Bind and Stabilize C/EBP mRNA in the Induction of Long-Term Memory in Aplysia J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Anastasios A. Mirisis; Ashley M. Kopec; Thomas J. Carew
Long-term memory (LTM) formation is a critical survival process by which an animal retains information about prior experiences to guide future behavior. In the experimentally advantageous marine mollusk Aplysia, LTM for sensitization can be induced by the presentation of two aversive shocks to the animal's tail. Each of these training trials recruits distinct growth factor signaling systems that promote
-
Patch-seq: Past, Present, and Future J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Marcela Lipovsek; Cedric Bardy; Cathryn R. Cadwell; Kristen Hadley; Dmitry Kobak; Shreejoy J. Tripathy
Single-cell transcriptomic approaches are revolutionizing neuroscience. Integrating this wealth of data with morphology and physiology, for the comprehensive study of neuronal biology, requires multiplexing gene expression data with complementary techniques. To meet this need, multiple groups in parallel have developed "Patch-seq," a modification of whole-cell patch-clamp protocols that enables mRNA
-
Highlights from the Era of Open Source Web-Based Tools J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Kristin R. Anderson; Julie A. Harris; Lydia Ng; Pjotr Prins; Sara Memar; Bengt Ljungquist; Daniel Fürth; Robert W. Williams; Giorgio A. Ascoli; Dani Dumitriu
High digital connectivity and a focus on reproducibility are contributing to an open science revolution in neuroscience. Repositories and platforms have emerged across the whole spectrum of subdisciplines, paving the way for a paradigm shift in the way we share, analyze, and reuse vast amounts of data collected across many laboratories. Here, we describe how open access web-based tools are changing
-
The Ontogeny of Hippocampus-Dependent Memories J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Flavio Donato; Cristina M. Alberini; Dima Amso; George Dragoi; Alex Dranovsky; Nora S. Newcombe
The formation of memories that contain information about the specific time and place of acquisition, which are commonly referred to as "autobiographical" or "episodic" memories, critically relies on the hippocampus and on a series of interconnected structures located in the medial temporal lobe of the mammalian brain. The observation that adults retain very few of these memories from the first years
-
Systems Neuroscience of Natural Behaviors in Rodents J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Emily Jane Dennis; Ahmed El Hady; Angie Michaiel; Ann Clemens; Dougal R. Gowan Tervo; Jakob Voigts; Sandeep Robert Datta
Animals evolved in complex environments, producing a wide range of behaviors, including navigation, foraging, prey capture, and conspecific interactions, which vary over timescales ranging from milliseconds to days. Historically, these behaviors have been the focus of study for ecology and ethology, while systems neuroscience has largely focused on short timescale behaviors that can be repeated thousands
-
Limbic Neuropeptidergic Modulators of Emotion and Their Therapeutic Potential for Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Paul J. Marvar; Raül Andero; Rene Hurlemann; Tiffany R. Lago; Moriel Zelikowsky; Joanna Dabrowska
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, increased reactivity to unpredictable versus predictable threat signals, deficits in fear extinction, and an inability to discriminate between threat and safety. First-line pharmacotherapies for psychiatric disorders have limited therapeutic efficacy in PTSD. However, recent studies have advanced our understanding of the roles
-
Hallucinogens in Mental Health: Preclinical and Clinical Studies on LSD, Psilocybin, MDMA, and Ketamine J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Danilo De Gregorio; Argel Aguilar-Valles; Katrin H. Preller; Boris Dov Heifets; Meghan Hibicke; Jennifer Mitchell; Gabriella Gobbi
A revamped interest in the study of hallucinogens has recently emerged, especially with regard to their potential application in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In the last decade, a plethora of preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed the efficacy of ketamine in the treatment of depression. More recently, emerging evidence has pointed out the potential therapeutic properties of psilocybin
-
The Architecture of Human Memory: Insights from Human Single-Neuron Recordings J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Ueli Rutishauser; Leila Reddy; Florian Mormann; Johannes Sarnthein
Deciphering the mechanisms of human memory is a central goal of neuroscience, both from the point of view of the fundamental biology of memory and for its translational relevance. Here, we review some contributions that recordings from neurons in humans implanted with electrodes for clinical purposes have made toward this goal. Recordings from the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, reveal
-
From Circuits to Chromatin: The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Mental Health J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Philipp Mews; Erin S. Calipari; Jeremy Day; Mary Kay Lobo; Timothy Bredy; Ted Abel
A central goal of neuroscience research is to understand how experiences modify brain circuits to guide future adaptive behavior. In response to environmental stimuli, neural circuit activity engages gene regulatory mechanisms within each cell. This activity-dependent gene expression is governed, in part, by epigenetic processes that can produce persistent changes in both neural circuits and the epigenome
-
Neural Encoding and Representation of Time for Sensorimotor Control and Learning J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Ramesh Balasubramaniam; Saskia Haegens; Mehrdad Jazayeri; Hugo Merchant; Dagmar Sternad; Joo-Hyun Song
The ability to perceive and produce movements in the real world with precise timing is critical for survival in animals, including humans. However, research on sensorimotor timing has rarely considered the tight interrelation between perception, action, and cognition. In this review, we present new evidence from behavioral, computational, and neural studies in humans and nonhuman primates, suggesting
-
The Neuroimmunology of Chronic Pain: From Rodents to Humans J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Peter M. Grace; Vivianne L. Tawfik; Camilla I. Svensson; Michael D. Burton; Marco L. Loggia; Mark R. Hutchinson
Chronic pain, encompassing conditions, such as low back pain, arthritis, persistent post-surgical pain, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain disorders, is highly prevalent but remains poorly treated. The vast majority of therapeutics are directed solely at neurons, despite the fact that signaling between immune cells, glia, and neurons is now recognized as indispensable for the initiation and maintenance
-
Spinal Interneurons as Gatekeepers to Neuroplasticity after Injury or Disease J. Neurosci. (IF 5.673) Pub Date : 2021-02-03