(2020). Meaningful Fissures: The Value of Divergent Agendas in Patient Advocacy. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 1-3.

(2020). Like Autism, Representation Falls on a Spectrum. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 4-5.

(2020). Using Implementation Science to Enact Specific Ethical Norms: The Case of Code Status Policy. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 6-7.

(2020). Clearing Muddy Waters: The Need to Reconceptualize Minor Increase over Minimal Risk in Pediatric Rare Disease Research. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 8-10.

(2020). Patenting Foundational Technologies: Recent Developments in the CRISPR Patent Struggle. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 11-12.

Recent debates within the autism advocacy community have raised difficult questions about who can credibly act as a representative of a particular population and what responsibilities that role entails. We attempt to answer these questions by defending a set of evaluative criteria that can be used to assess the legitimacy of advocacy organizations and other nonelectoral representatives. With these

(2020). Autistic Self Advocacy in the Developmental Disability Movement. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 25-27.

(2020). Patient Representation: Mind the Gap Between Individual and Collective Claims. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 28-30.

(2020). Beyond Autism: Advocacy for Neurodevelopmental Differences. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 30-33.

(2020). Neurodiversity and Autism Advocacy: Who Fits Under the Autism Tent? The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 33-34.

(2020). A Care Ethics Approach to Ethical Advocacy for Community Conditions. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 35-37.

(2020). Hope Springs Eternal: Pitfalls of Partial Representation by Advocates Who Only Want the Best. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 38-40.

(2020). Civic Engagement, Autism and Deliberative Democracy: Prioritizing the Inclusion of Marginalized Perspectives. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 41-43.

(2020). Additional Challenges to Fair Representation in Autistic Advocacy. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 44-45.

(2020). Representing the Autism Spectrum. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 46-48.

(2020). Autism Advocacy Before and After DSM-5. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 48-50.

(2020). Representation Is Never Perfect, But Are Parents Even Representatives? The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 51-53.

(2020). Parents of Autistic Children Are Deserving of Support. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 54-55.

(2020). Non-Electoral Representation and Promoting Welfare—Beyond Descriptive Representation. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 56-58.

(2020). Ethical Representation by Patient Advocacy Organizations Also Requires Responsible Management of Potential Financial Conflicts of Interest. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 59-61.

We argue that once a normative claim is developed, there is an imperative to effect changes based on this norm. As such, ethicists should adopt an “implementation mindset” when formulating norms, and collaborate with others who have the expertise needed to implement policies and practices. To guide this translation of norms into practice, we propose a framework that incorporates implementation science

(2020). Translational Ethics and Challenges Involved in Putting Norms Into Practice. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 71-73.

(2020). Ethical Training Can Turn an “Ought” to a “Can”. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 73-75.

(2020). An “Implementation Mindset” in Normative Bioethics Will Have Unintended Consequences. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 76-78.

(2020). Implementation in Bioethics: A Plea for a Participatory and Dialogical Approach. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 78-80.

(2020). Implementation Science and Bioethics: Lessons From European Empirical Bioethics Research? The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 80-82.

(2020). Implementation Science Can Do Even More for Translational Ethics. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 83-85.

(2020). Bioethical Ideals, Actual Practice, and the Double Life of Norms. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 86-88.

(2020). Mind the Gap: How Should We Translate Specific Ethical Norms Into Interventions? The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 89-91.

(2020). Beyond Translating Ethical Norms Into Practice: Integrating Implementation and Assessment Mindsets. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 92-94.

(2020). Responsible Innovation For and From Ethical Integration. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 94-97.

(2020). The Feasibility of Implementing Normative Claims That Are Especially Strong and Important. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 97-99.

(2020). Making Ethics Happen: Addressing Injustice in Health Inequalities. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 100-101.

(2020). Greater Than Minimal Risk, No Direct Benefit – Bridging Drug Trials and Novel Therapy in Pediatric Populations. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 102-103.

(2020). Balancing Risk and Reward: Greater Research Oversight Is Appropriate for Novel Therapies for Children With Life-Limiting Illness. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 104-105.

(2020). Bringing Known Drugs to Pediatric Research: Safety, Efficacy, and the Ambiguous Minor Increase in Minimal Risk. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 106-108.

(2020). Balancing Scientific Progress With Pediatric Protections: No Direct Benefit Now, But Potential Novel Therapy in the Future. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 108-110.

(2020). Ethical Drug Development for Rare Childhood Diseases: When There Are Limited But Promising Data in Adults, How to Choose Between Safety or Efficacy Studies? The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 111-113.

(2020). The Use of Pediatric Extrapolation to Avoid Unnecessary Pediatric Clinical Trials. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 114-116.

(2020). Flexibility Required: Balancing the Interests of Children and Risk in Drug Development for Rare Pediatric Conditions. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 116-118.

(2020). When Higher Risk Does Not Equal Greater Harm: Doing the Most Good in a Limited Pediatric Study Population. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 118-120.

(2020). The Healthcare Ethics Consultant-Certified Program: Fair, Feasible, and Defensible, But Neither Definitive Nor Finished. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 1-5.

(2020). First Steps: Inclusive or Exclusive? The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 6-8.

Efforts to professionalize the field of bioethics have led to the development of the Healthcare Ethics Consultant-Certified (HEC-C) Program intended to credential practicing healthcare ethics consultants (HCECs). Our team of professional ethicists participated in the inaugural process to support the professionalization efforts and inform our views on the value of this credential from the perspective

(2020). Healthcare Ethics Consultant Certification: The Big Picture. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 19-21.

(2020). Looking to Other Professions to Advance the Health Care Ethics Consultant Certification Program. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 21-24.

(2020). Ensuring Certified Healthcare Ethics Consultants Are Competent to Practice. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 24-27.

(2020). Certification Assesses Minimal Competency for Healthcare Ethics Consultants, But What About Assessing Interpersonal Skills? The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 27-29.

(2020). Have the Cobbler’s Children Come Home to Roost? The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 29-31.

(2020). You Kids Get off My Ethics Lawn!: An Admitted Curmudgeonly Critique of Credentialing Individual Clinical Ethics Consultants. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 32-34.

(2020). HEC-C: From Halsted’s Perspective. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 35-37.

(2020). Reconciling the HEC-C and Clinical Ethics Fellowship Training Programs: Implications of the Baylor Experience. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 37-39.

(2020). Worth Our Salt: Reflections of an Early Career Clinical Ethicist. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 39-41.

(2020). Examining the Doing of Ethics Support Staff. A Dialogical Approach Toward Assessing the Quality of Facilitators of Moral Case Deliberation. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 42-44.

(2020). A Profession Without Expertise? Professionalization in Reverse. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 44-46.

(2020). A Call for Diversity and Inclusivity in the HEC-C Program. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 46-50.

(2020). Credentialing Ethics Expertise. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 50-52.

Beneficence is a foundational ethical principle in medicine. To provide benefit to a patient is to promote and protect the patient's wellbeing, to promote the patient's interests. But there are different conceptions of wellbeing, emphasizing different values. These conceptions of wellbeing are contrary to one another and give rise to dissimilar ideas of what it means to benefit a patient. This makes

(2020). Goal-Concordant Care Within the Range of the Possible. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 63-65.

(2020). Beneficence and Wellbeing: A Critical Appraisal. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 65-68.