Virus‐like particles (VLPs) offer great promise in the field of nanomedicine. Enveloped VLPs are a class of these nanoparticles and their production process occurs by a budding process, which is known to be the most critical step at intracellular level. In this work, we developed a novel imaging method based on super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) to assess the generation of VLPs in living

Kinetic enhancement of organophosphate hydrolysis is a long‐standing challenge in catalysis. For prophylactic treatment against organophosphate exposure, enzymatic hydrolysis needs to occur at high rates in the presence of low substrate concentrations and enzymatic activity should persist over days and weeks. Here, the conjugation of small DNA scaffolds was used to introduce substrate binding sites

As climate change is an important environmental issue, the conventional petrochemical‐based processes to produce valuable chemicals are being shifted toward eco‐friendly biological‐based processes. In this study, 3‐hydroxypropionic acid (3‐HP), an industrially important three carbon (C3) chemical, was overproduced by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli using glycerol as a sole carbon source.

Microbial cell factories have been extensively engineered to produce free fatty acids (FFAs), key components of crucial nutrients, soaps, industrial chemicals, and fuels. However, our ability to control the specificity of microbially synthesized FFAs is still limited for medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which is mainly due to lack of high‐throughput approaches for FFA analysis. Here we report a mass

The chances of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) increases 6‐ to 20‐fold when an endotracheal tube is placed in a patient. VAP is one of the most common hospital‐acquired infections and comprises 86% of the nosocomial pneumonia cases. This work introduces the idea of nitric oxide‐releasing endotracheal tubes (NORel‐ETTs) fabricated by the incorporation of the nitric oxide (NO) donor S‐nitroso‐

In a bioelectrochemical system (BES), microbial community of anode biofilm are crucial to BES performance. In this study, the stratified pattern of community structure and activity of an anode‐respiring biofilm in a BES fueled with brewery wastewater was investigated over time. The anode biofilm exhibited a superior performance in the removal of ethanol to that of an open‐circuit system. The electrical

Mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) have great potential as bioglues, particularly in wet conditions. Although in vivo residue‐specific incorporation of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) in tyrosine‐auxotrophic Escherichia coli cells allows for production of Dopa‐incorporated bioengineered MAPs (dMAPs), the low production yield hinders the practical application of dMAPs. This low production yield of dMAPs

In macroscopic dynamic models of fermentation processes, Elementary Modes (EM) derived from metabolic networks are often used to describe the reaction stoichiometry in a simplified manner and to build predictive models by parameterizing kinetic rate equations for the EM. In this procedure, the selection of a set of EM is a key step which is followed by an estimation of their reaction rates and of the

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is the polymer of phosphate. Water‐soluble polyPs with average chain lengths of 2 to 40 P‐subunits are widely used as food additives and are currently synthesized chemically. An environmentally‐friendly highly scalable process to biosynthesize water‐soluble food‐grade polyP in powder form (termed bio‐polyP) is presented in this study. After incubation in a phosphate‐free

A key challenge for bioprocess engineering is the identification of the optimum process conditions for the production of biochemical and biopharmaceutical compounds using prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cell factories. Shake flasks and bench‐scale bioreactor systems are still the golden standard in the early stage of bioprocess development, though they are known to be expensive, time‐consuming and

In this study, a hydrocyclone (HC) especially designed for mammalian cell separation was applied for the separation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The effect of key features on the separation efficiency, such as type of pumphead in the peristaltic feed pump, use of an auxiliary pump to control the perfusate flow rate, and tubing size in the recirculation loop were evaluated in batch separation

In Cell Line Development the identification of stable Chinese hamster ovary cells for production is a critical but onerous task. The stability trial focus upon high‐level attributes can mask profound underlying cellular changes, leading to unstable clones mistakenly being chosen for production. The challenge is to assay underlying cell pathways and subsystems without pushing up cell line development

Beyond their widespread application as genome‐editing and regulatory tools, CRISPR‐Cas systems also play a critical role in nucleic acid detection due to their high sensitivity and specificity. Recently developed Cas family effectors have opened the door to the development of new strategies for detecting different types of nucleic acids with a variety of purposes. Precise and efficient nucleic acid

5‐methyltetrahydrofolate (5‐MTHF) is the major form of folate in human plasma and is the only folate form that can penetrate the blood‐brain barrier. 5‐MTHF has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. 5‐MTHF is mainly produced by chemical synthesis. However, the low production rate cannot meet the increasing demand. In addition, chemical synthesis is potentially detrimental

Synthetic microbial communities have become a focus of biotechnological research since they can overcome several of the limitations of single‐specie cultures. A paradigmatic example is Clostridium cellulovorans DSM 743B, which can decompose lignocellulose but cannot produce butanol. C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 however, is unable to use lignocellulose but can produce high amounts of butanol from simple

DNA curtain is a high‐throughput system, integrating a lipid bilayer, fluorescence imaging, and microfluidics to probe protein‐DNA interactions in real time and has provided in‐depth understanding of DNA metabolism. Especially, the microfluidic platform of DNA curtain is highly suitable for a biochip. In the DNA curtain, DNA molecules are aligned along chromium nano‐barriers, which are fabricated on

Although primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) are the gold standard in drug efficacy and metabolism studies, long‐term survival of PHHs and maintenance of their hepatic function are still challenging. In this study, we focused on the effect of the initial microenvironment on upregulation and long‐term preservation of hepatic function of PHHs encapsulated within biodegradable hydrogel systems. PHHs were

Appropriate species of oleaginous bacteria, with their high growth rates and lipid accumulation capabilities, can be good contenders for industrial triacylglycerol (TAG) production, compared to microalgae. Further, oxidative stress (OS) can be used to significantly increase TAG yields in oleaginous microbes, but the mechanism is unexplored. In a first, this study explored the mechanism behind OS‐mediated

The timely delivery of the most up to date medicines and drug products is essential for patients throughout the world. Successful scaling of the bioreactors used within the biopharmaceutical industry plays a large part in the quality and time to market of these products. Scale and topology differences between vessels add a large degree of complication and uncertainty within the scaling process. Currently

Conventional microbial cell cultivation techniques are typically labor intensive, low throughput, and poor parallelization, rendering them inefficient. The development of automated, modular microbial cell micro–cultivation systems, particularly those employing droplet microfluidics, has gained attention for their high–throughput, parallel and highly efficient cultivation capabilities. Here, we report

The rare ginsenosides are recognized as the functionalized molecules after oral administration of Panax ginseng and its products. The sources of rare ginsenosides are extremely limited because of low ginsenoside contents in wild plants, hindering their application in functional foods and drugs. We developed an effective combinatorial biotechnology approach including tissue culture, immobilization,