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The Translatio imperii and the Spatial Construction of History in the Twelfth Century Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Eric Wolever
Based on the theories of Otto of Freising and Hugh of Saint Victor, scholars widely accept that medieval authors conceived of history as a spatial progression of empires from Babylon in the east to...
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Miracles and Misadventures: Childhood and Public Health in the Late Medieval Low Countries Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Janna Coomans, Bente Marschall
Administrative sources and miracle accounts from six Netherlandish urban shrine cults help to explore the interests of inhabitants and urban institutions in intervening in children’s safety, behavi...
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‘Our Dearest Lord and Father Received Him From the Baptismal Font’: The Life and Career of Philippe le Convers Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Jessica Marin Elliott
This article examines the life and career of Philippe le Convers, a converted Jew who was a powerful royal administrator and the godson of King Philip the Fair of France (r. 1285–1314). Unlike othe...
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Of relics and kings: Cyprus in Franciscan apocrypha of the Trecento Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Anthi Andronikou
What sacred objects did the Lusignan kings of Cyprus treasure in their collection of holy items? Certainly, they had fragments of the Holy Cross and saints’ skulls, but what about Passion relics su...
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‘For help and comfort and to resist the enemy of God’: Greek refugees in the Burgundian Low Countries Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Hendrik Callewier
It is well known that after the fall of Constantinople, Greek refugees fled to Western Europe. This migration is usually associated with Italy, where it stimulated the further development of the Re...
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The judgement of God and the fate of a dog: the ninth-century ordeal debate and the anonymous Song of Count Timo Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Amos Bronner
This paper argues that the judicial ordeal was the subject of a lively debate in the ninth century. Research on the medieval ordeal has mainly focused on opposition to the practice in the twelfth c...
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Out of sight, out of mind? The wills of monastic and mendicant bishops in Britain and Ireland, 1350–1535 Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2024-01-16 David E. Thornton
This article examines the wills of bishops in late medieval Britain and Ireland who were members of religious orders, and attempts to answer two questions: to what extent can these wills be disting...
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Noble violence and civic justice: rural lords under trial in the Italian city communes 1276–1322 Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Lorenzo Caravaggi
This article analyses three criminal suits brought against nobles from rural districts of two Italian city-communes who were accused of homicide, robbery, and assault – and focuses on their courtro...
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Law and spiritual sanctions: asserting the stability of pro anima donation charters in late tenth- and eleventh-century central Italy Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Maya Maskarinec
This article examines the citation of legal texts in late tenth- and eleventh-century pro anima donation charters in favour of ecclesiastical institutions in central Italy. It argues that, in gener...
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Meanings of food in medieval Britain and Ireland: themes Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-11-07 C. M. Woolgar
Food is central to our understanding of the social, economic and cultural history of the medieval past. Its study sits at the nexus of disciplines, of different classes of sources and data, and of ...
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Barns, granaries and security: crop storage, processing and investment in medieval England Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-11-07 David A. Hinton
Increased storage capacity was an essential part of demesne farming in England, as many surviving barns indicate. Their size facilitated their use also as winter workplaces for threshing grain and ...
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Brewing difference: malting, gender and urbanity in medieval England. An examination of drying and malting kilns, c.1150–1500 Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Ben Jervis
Kilns used for drying grain and for malting are common features of archaeological excavations in medieval towns and in the countryside. They occur in a variety of situations, including within urban...
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Mazers and the drinking culture of late medieval England Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-09-08 C. M. Woolgar
Mazers, drinking vessels often made of maple, were an important part of the material culture of medieval England from at least the first half of the twelfth century. They were significant for the r...
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Poor commons and kings’ propines: food and status in later medieval Aberdeen Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Elizabeth Gemmill
Assuring the supply of food and drink in the medieval Scottish town, and safeguarding the town’s reputation in relation to this, were at the heart of the burgh government’s duties. Some foods were ...
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A simple food with many meanings: bread in late medieval England Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-09-03 Christopher Dyer
Bread was the most important item of diet in medieval England. Cereals were consumed in boiled form, but bread was preferred. Bread was not just convenient, but was also symbolic of well-being. Alt...
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The ‘Lamb of God’ in the early Middle Ages: a zooarchaeological perspective Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-09-02 Matilda Holmes
Medieval ecclesiastical estates have long been linked to vast flocks of wool-producing sheep that underpinned the wealth of the nation well into the sixteenth century. Recent surveys of English med...
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The earliest English culinary recipes: dietary advice in Old English medical texts Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Debby Banham
The earliest culinary recipes written in the English language, or in England, are contained in the three main Old English medical collections, now known as Bald’s Leechbook, Leechbook III and the L...
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Food security and insecurity in medieval Irish towns Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-08-29 James A. Galloway, Margaret Murphy
The degree to which the townspeople of medieval Ireland enjoyed food security or experienced food insecurity forms the subject of this paper. Having outlined the context within which Irish medieval...
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Peasants and food security in England and Wales c.1300 Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Phillipp R. Schofield
Food security is discussed with a particular focus on the decades either side of 1300, years characterised by poor weather and significant fluctuations in food availability, evident especially in t...
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Self-presentation and geographical origin at the fifteenth-century University of Paris: an analysis of manuscript decoration Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-07-17 Teresa Barucci
ABSTRACT This article analyses the decorated prefatory statements in two fifteenth-century books of the proctors of the German natio at the University of Paris as part of the discussion on the relationship between academic mobility and identity construction in medieval Europe. The article argues that the decorated statements – a virtually unexplored source – functioned as acts of self-presentation
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To receive ‘the best form and example of living’: ascetic instruction in the Life of John of Gorze Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Catherine Rosbrook
ABSTRACT While studies of knowledge transmission in the central Middle Ages are abundant, much remains to be discovered about learning practices in an extra-institutional context. An exceptionally detailed example comes from the first portion of the Life of John of Gorze. It recounts John’s earliest encounters with asceticism, as he endeavoured to carve out a life pleasing to God. John learned to live
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A medieval effort toward unity: Latins, Greeks, Russians and the Mongol Khan Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-07-09 Alexander V. Maiorov
ABSTRACT This article explores the little studied role of the Rus princes and the Rus prelates of the Byzantine Church in the establishment of immediate contacts between the papal court and the rulers of the Nicene Empire in the mid thirteenth century. These resulted in a new round of negotiations for the union of the Roman Church and the Byzantine Church. At the heart of these contacts was not only
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A monastic angelology in stone: the sculpted angels at Conques Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Kristine Tanton
ABSTRACT In the Middle Ages, angels were a constant presence and participated with the faithful in praising God. Due to the manifold roles played by angels in Christian theology, it is not surprising that they were a popular subject for church decoration. At the abbey church of Sainte-Foy at Conques, the attention paid to and regard for angels was expressed to an exceptional degree and therefore provide
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Representing the mysteries of the vine: drinking wine with Gregory of Tours Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Gregory I. Halfond
ABSTRACT The literary corpus of Bishop Gregory of Tours (538–94) abounds in references to wine and vineyards. While these references have been mined by historians for insight into early medieval agriculture and commerce, comparatively scant attention has been paid to Gregory’s own complex attitude towards wine. The bishop of Tours was well aware that sin frequently accompanied an excessive desire for
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St Stephen's, Vienna, and the crises of 1408: practice theory and the socio-politics of the medieval building site Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Gabriel Byng
ABSTRACT In 1408 Vienna's politics were traversed by violence. Dynastic conflict among the Habsburgs and internecine differences between residents culminated in executions and overthrows of the city's government. Concurrently, building work at the city's largest church – overseen by leading figures in its civic politics, also victims of one of the year's purges – slackened. It was a moment when high
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In (political) love. Building social order and consensus through emotional politics in fifteenth-century urban Castile: the case of the city of Cuenca Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-06-27 José Antonio Jara Fuente
ABSTRACT This article examines the role played by emotional references in the processes of political communication between the urban world and the nobility in fifteenth-century Castile. Chronologically, the study is framed by the succession of civil wars that shook the kingdom from the beginning of the century to Isabella I’s final victory in 1479–80, a context that greatly contributed to bringing
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In dialogue: responses to papal communication Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-06-10 Iben Fonnesberg-Schmidt, Lars Kjær, William Kynan-Wilson
ABSTRACT This essay examines responses to papal communication in Latin Christendom principally between the years 1100 and 1400. It introduces seven multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary articles in a special issue of the Journal of Medieval History on this topic, while also exploring further examples that reveal the range of responses to papal communication and the significance of these responses
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Italian and French responses to Urban V’s visual communications, c.1368–1420 Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Claudia Bolgia
ABSTRACT This article explores the visual responses (with political, spiritual and social connotations) to the visual statements about the role of Rome and the pope in Western Christendom made by Pope Urban V (1362–1370) at the time of his return to the Urbe from Avignon in 1367–9. It investigates the plurality of responses to these papal statements, the chain of further visual communications that
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The Investiture Contest in the margins: popes and peace in a manuscript from Augsburg cathedral Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Erik Niblaeus
ABSTRACT The article is an analysis of a dispute between the canons of Augsburg cathedral chapter and their bishop, Hermann II (1096–1133). It concentrates on a series of short texts collected in the margins of an older patristic manuscript and argues that most of these texts can be said to form a kind of dossier, likely assembled by the canons in the aftermath of a cancelled personal visit by Pope
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Papal crusade propaganda and attacks against Jews in France in the 1230s: a breakdown of communication? Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-05-13 Christoph T. Maier
ABSTRACT This article presents a case study of the papal communication accompanying crusader violence against Jews in France in the mid 1230s. The pogroms perpetrated during the preparatory phase of the so-called Crusade of the Barons, during which 1000s of Jews were killed, are the best-documented anti-Jewish attacks of the thirteenth century. They coincide with a period of unprecedented crusade propaganda
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Difficult gifts: gifts to and from the popes in twelfth- and thirteenth-century England Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-05-13 Lars Kjær
ABSTRACT This article explores how gifts, and stories about gifts, to and from the popes were treated and discussed in twelfth- and thirteenth-century England. The first part explores the intellectual context in which these stories were written, namely scriptural and classical ideas about the gift that circulated in the period, and the practical challenges faced by the papacy. The second part explores
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Papal communications and historical writing in Angevin England Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-05-13 Michael Staunton
ABSTRACT This article examines the role of papal communications in historical writing in England under the Angevin kings (1154–1216). Taking the examples of Gervase of Canterbury, Roger of Howden and Herbert of Bosham, it demonstrates a variety of responses to papal communications between the curia and England. By the late twelfth century such communications – particularly papal letters – had become
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‘Theologians know best’: Paris-trained crusade preachers as mediators between papal, popular and learned crusading pieties Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-05-09 Jessalynn Lea Bird
ABSTRACT The study of the crusades would be transformed if scholars started not with papal letters but with evidence demonstrating how organisers in various periods and regions served as brokers between papal, popular and learned discourses and crusading pieties. Surviving preaching materials suggest that Paris masters promoting various crusades forefronted contemporary reform campaigns targeting usurers
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Power, celebration and circuits of legitimation: the local use of papal letters in late twelfth-century Denmark Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-05-05 Emil Lauge Christensen, Kim Esmark, Iben Fonnesberg-Schmidt
ABSTRACT This article explores the role of papal communication in the local construction of royal and papal authority. Taking the kingdom of Denmark as its case, it analyses letters issued by Pope Alexander III to King Valdemar I and the Danish clergy before a grand meeting at Ringsted in 1170. It is argued that to understand the function and impact of the papal letters fully it is necessary to examine
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Trade, taste and ecology: honey in late medieval Europe Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-03-28 Alexandra Sapoznik, Lluís Sales i Favà, Mark Whelan
ABSTRACT Often considered a ubiquitous and widely available sweetener, this article represents the first study of the honey trade across Europe in the later Middle Ages. Demand for honey, fuelled by diverse cultural and social factors, encouraged an international trade that by the late medieval period spanned the Mediterranean, western Atlantic, and the North and Baltic Seas, connecting peoples, traders
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Sorrow, masculinity and papal authority in the writing of Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) and his curia Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Kirsty Day
ABSTRACT This article examines how Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) and his curia used emotions to communicate the supreme authority of the pope through a gendered order of knowledge and feeling in letters. Innocent and his curia worked codes of masculinity into an emotional regime of excellence and spiritual possibility, one that excluded women and femininity and enabled the derogation of feminised forms
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The royal forests of the Árpáds in the eleventh and twelfth centuries Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Pavol Hudáček
ABSTRACT This paper deals with the royal forests in the kingdom of Hungary. Few sources have survived from the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and it is therefore difficult to find any references to the forests of the Árpád dynasty. For this reason, research on medieval royal forests in Western Europe informs the interpretation of what information there is and shapes a comparison with the situation
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The crowd’s two faces: keeping the peace and fearing the stranger in late medieval Flanders Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-03-13 Mireille Pardon
ABSTRACT This article examines the reputation of crowds in relation to judicial practice in fifteenth-century Flanders. Medieval chronicles tend to frame rebellious crowds as frighteningly irrational rather than strategic in order to discredit the political movements they described. Legal records from Bruges and Ghent suggest this stereotype extended to disturbances unrelated to revolt. Bailiffs’ accounts
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History in liturgy: negotiating merit in Ely’s virgin mothers Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-03-02 W. Tanner Smoot
ABSTRACT As the custodians of a particularly diverse cult of saints, the monks of Ely faced a commemorative dilemma in the in late eleventh century. The abbey’s cult centred around the virgin queen St Æthelthryth, whose incorruptible body exemplified the integrity of the monastic community. Ely’s reverence for Æthelthryth extended to her female kindred, as the monks also venerated her sisters Wihtburh
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The clergy between town and country in late Merovingian hagiography Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Yaniv Fox
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to examine the hagiographical portrayal of ecclesiastical activity in the late Merovingian countryside, especially as it pertains to parochial priests and deacons. It considers two saints’ Lives, the Suffering of Praejectus of Clermont and the Life of Eligius of Noyon, two roughly contemporaneous late seventh-century compositions, and the different ways they approached
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Peace in the desert, peace in the realm: the Carthusian monastery of Durbon, protection and the safeguard of exempt monasteries in Angevin Provence Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Hollis Shaul
ABSTRACT Through a case study of the Carthusian monastery of Durbon in Angevin Provence around the year 1300, this article explores the usage of the legal mechanism of safeguard by exempt monasteries. Though exempt monasteries and royal authorities were often at odds in fourteenth-century Europe, the safeguard allowed monasteries to seek royal protection for their property without relying upon or admitting
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The empress and the humanist: profit and politics in the correspondence of Anne of Świdnica and Petrarch Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-12-30 Sophie Elise Charron
ABSTRACT This article presents a reassessment of Anne of Świdnica (1339–62), Holy Roman Empress and queen of Bohemia, based on a reading of Petrarch's De laudibus feminarum. By reinterpreting their correspondence as an act of gift-giving within a framework of court patronage, it makes a case for her calculated effort to benefit her public image by corresponding with Petrarch, while he, in turn, benefited
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The price of the throne. Public finances in Portugal and Castile and the War of the Castilian Succession (1475–9) Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-12-26 Rodrigo da Costa Dominguez, José Manuel Triano-Milán
ABSTRACT The reign of Henry IV of Castile ended without a clear heir to the throne, triggering a military conflict between the candidates, Isabella and Ferdinand – the future Catholic Monarchs – and Joanna and Afonso V of Portugal. Ultimately, what was at stake was the balance of power not only in the Iberian Peninsula, but in Western Europe more broadly. The conflict transcended the military field
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Holy war and Church reform: the case of Gerhoch of Reichersberg (1092/3–1169) Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-12-15 Johannes Tutzer
ABSTRACT This paper analyses the connection between holy war, crusading and Church reform in Gerhoch of Reichersberg’s Tractatus in psalmos and other exegetical works. For Gerhoch, the First and Second Crusade constituted a facet of Church reform. By exploring the forms and manifestations of spiritual and material warfare, this essay argues that both the physical fighting on the crusades and the spiritual
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Medical knowledge in thirteenth-century preaching: the sermons of Luca da Bitonto Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-12-12 Edward Sutcliffe
ABSTRACT Metaphors of physical health and illness occurred frequently in medieval exegesis, with diseased bodies providing figurative language that could be applied to sin and its effects upon the soul. The increasing availability of newly translated medical learning in Europe in the thirteenth century augmented and enriched this discourse in innovative ways. The present paper offers a close analysis
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From author to authority: Anselm’s public reputation and the Council of Bari (1098) Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-12-05 Samu Niskanen
ABSTRACT Anselm of Canterbury (d. 1109) was considered an authoritative learned writer across Latin Christendom in his own lifetime. This essay argues it was his triumph at the Council of Bari in 1098, where he delivered a full-length speech on the Procession of the Holy Spirit and was cited by the pope as an authority, which elevated him to such an unusual status for a living author. The proposition
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‘A competent mess’: food, consumption and retirement at religious houses in England and Wales, c.1502–38 Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-11-29 Allison D. Fizzard
ABSTRACT This article contributes to our knowledge of food habits in late medieval and early sixteenth-century England and Wales through an analysis of under-examined records of retirement agreements known as corrodies; these were struck between religious houses and individuals or married couples. Corrody texts, copied in records from the Court of Augmentations, are a rich source for patterns of consumption
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The smallest matters: vanishing water, missing birds, revived animals, recovered coins and other trifling miracles in the Thomas Becket collections Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-10-25 Rachel Koopmans
ABSTRACT Stories involving lost items, sick or missing birds and animals, and the strange behaviour of objects such as coins, candles and relic containers are frequently encountered in high medieval miracle collections, with the ‘jokes’ of St Foy of Conques being a well-known example. Such miracles, in which saints were thought to incongruously exercise their powers on ‘minor’ or ‘trifling’ matters
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Parliament, politics and protocol: the Modus tenendi parliamentum and the settlement of the realm under Edward II Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-10-13 Gwilym Dodd
ABSTRACT The Modus tenendi parliamentum has long perplexed scholars. For over a century they have battled to make sense of its 26 chapters, which purport to describe the centuries-old traditions, functions and processes of the English parliament. A number of hypotheses have emerged to explain its compilation, most notably that it was a Lancastrian political manifesto, a legal treatise or an administrator’s
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Credit practices and networks in the medieval Italian city: the memoriale of Dr Iacopo di Coluccino of Lucca Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-10-11 So Nakaya
ABSTRACT A memoriale, or memorandum book, kept by the Lucchese doctor, Iacopo di Coluccino (1373–1416), offers insight into informal credit practices of wealthy citizens and credit networks among ordinary people in late fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italy, in ways not evident from studies of moneylenders’ books, notarial registers or court records. Maestro Iacopo provided small amounts of credit
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Governing through influence at the thirteenth-century papal court Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-10-09 Jeffrey M. Wayno
ABSTRACT This article uses a case study from the late 1230s to expand our understanding of how the papacy exercised power in the high Middle Ages. In the early thirteenth century, the papal court was one of Europe’s most important and innovative governing institutions. But while many historians have described the development and structure of the administrative and legal tools popes used to implement
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A healthy Christian city: Christianising health care in late fourteenth-century Seville Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-10-09 Naama Cohen-Hanegbi
ABSTRACT This essay traces the interconnected endeavours to forge civic health-care provisions and to Christianise the public sphere in late fourteenth-century Seville. Following waves of plague and civil unrest, and growing religious fervour, Seville of the period was building its civic structures anew. Within this process, the municipality and central religious figures in the city took initiatives
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Correction Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-08-18
Published in Journal of Medieval History (Vol. 48, No. 4, 2022)
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Pursuing the Percys: the original owners of the Percy Psalter-Hours Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-07-25 Eleanor Jackson
ABSTRACT In 2019 the British Library acquired the Percy Hours, a late thirteenth-century book of hours from York. This acquisition reunited the manuscript with the Percy Psalter, acquired by the Library in 1990. Together they originally formed a single volume psalter-hours. The Percy Psalter-Hours is one of a small number of devotional books for the laity surviving from thirteenth-century England,
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The first issue of annuities by the Diputación of the kingdom of Aragon (1376–1436): raising capital and sovereign debt in the Middle Ages Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-07-23 Sandra de la Torre Gonzalo
ABSTRACT This article presents new data on the kingdom of Aragon’s issue of sovereign debt 25 years earlier than the point at which there is routine documentation. The primary focus of this study is to examine how the representative institutions of this territory within the Crown of Aragon undertook the task of raising capital in financial markets. Contrary to a well-established historiographical perspective
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John of Garland on the Jews Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-07-21 William Chester Jordan
ABSTRACT The works of John of Garland, an Englishman who taught in Paris and Toulouse in the first half of the thirteenth century, have many virulent passages describing the Jews of his day. Although he never denied the possibility that conversion to Christianity could redeem the Jews, he thought it unlikely they would come over to the Catholic faith or remain steadfast in the religion. His invective
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The papal monopoly of the canonisation and translation of saints on the peripheries of Latin Christendom: the case of Bohemia before c.1150 Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-07-21 Grzegorz Pac
ABSTRACT The present paper discusses the attitude of Bohemian ecclesiastical circles towards the papal monopoly of the canonisation and translation of saints. Three cases known from sources dated to the first half of the twelfth century are analysed, all pointing to widespread adoption in the Bohemian Church at a relatively early date of the view that both the canonisation of new saints and the translation
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Patterns of communication during the 1241 Mongol invasion of Europe: insights from the Ottobeuren letter collection Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-07-21 Matthew Coulter
ABSTRACT This article analyses the importance of communication by letter during the initial months of the 1241 Mongol invasion of Europe (c.March–July 1241). It focuses especially on the 10 letters found in the Ottobeuren collection (Innsbruck, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Tirol, Cod. 187, ff. 1v–8v). Through a close reading of the collection and its visualisation in the form of a network graph
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Behind the scenes: Urban secretaries as managers of legal and diplomatic conflicts in the Baltic region, c.1470–1540 Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-07-19 Christian Manger
ABSTRACT This article analyses the activities of urban secretaries in legal and diplomatic conflicts in and around late medieval Baltic cities. By applying actor and practice-centered approaches of conflict management and the New Diplomatic History to their letters and correspondence, it argues that secretaries made use of a combination of education, specialised governance knowledge and individual
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The Iberian ambition of a duke of Burgundy: Philip the Handsome and the royal treasury in the Crown of Castile (1502–6) Journal of Medieval History Pub Date : 2022-06-02 Federico Gambero Gálvez
ABSTRACT Philip the Handsome, the first Habsburg king of Castile, ruled briefly, in tandem with his wife except for the final three months of his reign, from the death of Isabella I in November 1504 to his own demise in September 1506. The problems, but also the potential, of the dynastic union of Castile and the Burgundian Low Countries were clear from the time he took his oath as a prince in 1502