ABSTRACT

This article examines how Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) and his curia used emotions to communicate the supreme authority of the pope through a gendered order of knowledge and feeling in letters. Innocent and his curia worked codes of masculinity into an emotional regime of excellence and spiritual possibility, one that excluded women and femininity and enabled the derogation of feminised forms of spiritual authority. Focusing on Innocent and his curia's use of sorrowful emotions, it traces how Innocent interpreted emotions evoked by earthly frustrations as feminine, and a threat to papal primacy and the authority of the exclusively male, clerical hierarchy on which it stood. Understanding how the pope did so helps us to make sense of how he guarded the papal office as the exclusive preserve of men, as well as how the practice of emotion shaped the communication of hegemonic masculine power in the Middle Ages.

摘要

本文探讨了教皇英诺森三世（1198-1216 年）和他的教廷如何通过文字中的知识和情感的性别顺序，使用情感来传达教皇的至高无上的权威。Innocent 和他的 curia 将男性气质的代码转化为一种卓越和精神可能性的情感制度，一种排斥女性和女性气质并能够贬低女性化形式的精神权威的制度。着眼于英诺森和他的教廷对悲伤情绪的使用，它追溯了英诺森如何将尘世挫折引起的情绪解释为女性化，以及对教皇至高无上的威胁，以及它所代表的男性、神职等级的权威。了解教皇如何做到这一点有助于我们理解他如何将教皇职位看成是男人的专属领地，