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A Database-Driven Excavation of a Waterlogged Neolithic Settlement: The Case of Küssnacht-Immensee Dorfplatz (Switzerland) Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Niels Bleicher, Marie-Claire Ries, Pierre Ingold, Céline Griessen, Daria Moser, Tim Wehrle, Christian Bader, Monika Isler
A settlement excavation of a site with waterlogged conditions was conducted in Küssnacht-Immensee (Lake Zug, Canton Schwyz, Switzerland). The documentation abandoned the idea of drawings and verbal...
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Between reclamation and restoration: the archaeology, historical ecology and future development of drained wetland landscapes Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Mairi Davies, Tom Gardner, Benjamin Gearey, Tymon de Haas, Mans Schepers, Michael J. Stratigos
This editorial introduces the context for a special issue of the Journal of Wetland Archaeology, co-edited by Mairi Davies, Tom Gardner, Benjamin Gearey, Tymon de Haas, Mans Schepers and Michael St...
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Peatlands and the historic environment in England – working together to make the difference Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Zoë Hazell, Louise Brown, Christine (Kat) Hopwood-Lewis
Peatlands are widely recognised for their rich biodiversity and their role as carbon stores. They are equally special in terms of their cultural and heritage significance; as historic landscapes, f...
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Seaside Recreation Ground: A Multi-Proxy Palaeoenvironmental Investigation on the Coastal Edge of the Willingdon Levels, Eastbourne, East Sussex, UK Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-03-23 A. K. Dowsett, K. Krawiec, T. C. B. Hill, E. Allison, J. E. Whittaker
ABSTRACT The Willingdon Levels hold some of the best-preserved prehistoric archaeological and palaeoenvironmental remains in south-east England. This study aims to characterise the previously unexplored coastal limits of the Willingdon Peat and compare the chronology with known sites. The degree of anthropogenic influence on vegetation cover in prehistory is of significant interest to archaeologists
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Spatial Analysis of Charcoal and Wood: The Case Study of the Late Neolithic Site of Hekelingen III, the Netherlands (2900–2500 BCE) Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2022-11-11 Welmoed A. Out, Luc W.S.W. Amkreutz, Wil A. Casparie
ABSTRACT This paper concerns the spatial distribution of charcoal and uncarbonized wood at the Dutch Late Neolithic wetland site of Hekelingen III, dating to c. 2900–2500 BCE, where a rescue excavation in 1980 revealed occupation units that were intermittently in use during three phases. While earlier published archaeobotanical data from Hekelingen III included only a list of charcoal identifications
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What Wetland are We Protecting and Restoring? Quantifying the Human Creation of Protected Areas in Scotland Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Michael J. Stratigos
This paper presents an archaeological perspective of modified lacustrine environments in Scotland currently designated as protected areas for biodiversity. After introducing how ‘natural’ is embedd...
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Integrated Approaches to Understanding Complex Long-Term Reclamation Processes in the Hinterland of Ravenna (Italy) Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2022-06-14 Michele Abballe, Marco Cavalazzi, Celeste Fiorotto
In this paper, we aim to present the results of interdisciplinary research focusing on the surroundings of Lugo, a town in the hinterland of Ravenna. The area is known for the extraordinary preserv...
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From Wet Lands to Dry Spaces (and Back Again): Archaeological Perspectives on the Use, Drainage, and Restoration of the Kankakee Wetlands, USA Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2022-05-18 Madeleine McLeester, Mark R. Schurr, Terrance J. Martin, Joseph Wheeler III
The Kankakee River in the midcontinent of the United States was once home to one of the largest wetlands in the world, the Grand Kankakee Marsh, as well as countless smaller wetlands along its marg...
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Wetland Reclamation and the Development of Reclamation Landscapes: A Comparative Framework Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2022-05-04 Tymon de Haas, Mans Schepers
Wetland reclamation has occurred under diverse geographic and socio-political conditions. A single reclamation event however, forms only one step in the evolution of what we refer to as reclamation...
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Landscapes of Agricultural Expansion in the Estuaries of the Basque Coast (Sixteenth-Nineteenth Centuries) Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2022-04-13 Josu Narbarte, Eneko Iriarte, Aritz Diez Oronoz, Juan Quirós-Castillo
Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from regularly flooded surfaces. This paper explores the role of land reclamation on the historical transformation of estuarine landscapes in th...
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The Nature and Dynamics of Pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Iron Age Reclamation Settlements in the (Former) Peat and Clay-On-Peat Area of Friesland (The Netherlands) Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2022-04-12 Marco Bakker
Recent research into Pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Iron Age peat reclamations in Friesland has made clear that the margins of the peat area were intensively inhabited during both periods. This same ...
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Duvensee WP 10 – an Early Mesolithic Site at Ancient Lake Duvensee, Germany Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2021-09-07 Daniel Groß, Ilka Sophia Henke, Harald Lübke, John Meadows, Ulrich Schmölcke
ABSTRACT Archaeological research at ancient Lake Duvensee began almost 100 years ago and has recently revealed another early Holocene site, Duvensee WP 10, which was excavated from 2016 to 2020. Here, we will present the first results of the investigations. The site shows several characteristics known from other sites within the area. However, it is noteworthy that, in comparison to the other local
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A Model of Coastal Wetland Palaeogeography and Archaeological Narratives: Loch Spynie, Northern Scotland Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2021-05-25 Michael J. Stratigos
ABSTRACT This paper presents a new model for the palaeogeography of an important archaeological region in northern Scotland – the former Loch Spynie, Moray. The method employed refines existing glacio-isostatic adjustment and relative sea-level models for the Holocene with open data sources of geomorphological, geotechnical and archaeological data to constrain the proposed former extent of marine,
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Journal of Wetland Archaeology Bog Bodies Special Edition: Foreword Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Julia Farley, Melanie Giles, Christina Fredengren
ABSTRACT An introduction outlining the background to this special edition of the Journal of Wetland Archaeology, co-edited by Julia Farley and Benjamin Gearey, and the aims of the papers. This volume is the result of an international workshop on bog bodies held at the British Museum in March 2019, the most recent meeting of the Bog Bodies Network that formed following a workshop at Stockholm University
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JWA Bog Bodies Special Edition: Afterword Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Melanie Giles
ABSTRACT This afterword presents a personal reflection both on the papers in the Journal of Wetland Archaeology’s Special Edition on Bog Bodies, as well as the wider scientific and cultural value of these remains. It points to new avenues of research and collaboration, emphasises the need for international standards and guides for future discoveries, and promotes the value of more sustainable research
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Mossberga Mosse: Excavating the Archives and Tracing Museum Ecologies Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Christina Fredengren, Johnny Karlsson
ABSTRACT Bog bodies are rare finds occasionally revealed in connection with peat-cutting or excavation of drains. However, the record might be richer than formerly acknowledged, as earlier finds may survive as non-identified parts of museum collections, and have, therefore, been missed by researchers. This paper presents osteological finds from Mossberga bog on the island of Öland which were rediscovered
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Bog Bodies and Sacrificial Theory Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Bryan Sitch
ABSTRACT Contemporary displays of bog bodies often focus on the scientific analysis of human remains and discussion of the results. One of the biggest challenges archaeologists and museum curators face is to account for the degree of violence that has often been perpetrated against the individual or individuals, whose remains survive as bog bodies. René Girard’s sacrificial theory may help to account
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Banking for the Future: The National Museum of Ireland Bog Body Tissue Samples Bank Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-10-11 Isabella Mulhall
ABSTRACT The unearthing of two Iron Age bog bodies in the Irish midlands within a few months of each other in 2003 prompted the development of new strategies for recording, investigating, preserving and displaying bog body finds. As a consequence of these discoveries, this period also saw the development of the National Museum of Ireland (NMI) Bog Body Tissue Samples Bank, which holds a considerable
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The Curation and Display of Lindow Man Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Jody Joy, Julia Farley
ABSTRACT Lindow Man is one of the best-preserved Iron Age bog bodies from Europe. Since his discovery in August 1984, he has been on almost permanent display to the public and the subject of close scientific scrutiny. This article focuses on the life of Lindow Man since his discovery, charting how his remains have been cared for and interpreted by curators and the public. Lindow Man is very well-known
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Conserving Bog Bodies: The Key Questions Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-10-05 Ticca Ogilvie
ABSTRACT The conservation of a bog body is complex and a challenge for all those involved. A substantial list of requirements needs to be pulled together by the conservator in designing an effective and appropriate conservation strategy for these rare and important finds. Past treatments have often been reactive and constrained by lack of research and testing. Bog body materials are not yet sufficiently
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Resurrecting Lindow Man Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Velson Horie
ABSTRACT This article presents a first-hand account of the discovery and excavation of four sets of human remains from Lindow Moss in the years 1983–1988. Fragments of the remains of Lindow Man (later named Lindow II) were discovered by peat workers in 1984. The find was reported to the police then to R. Turner, Cheshire County Archaeologist, that day, who identified further remains in situ. Following
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Heaney’s Hauntings: Archaeology, Poetry and the ‘Gendered Bog’ Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-09-22 Rosie Everett, Benjamin Gearey
ABSTRACT In this paper we discuss the entangled relationship between literary creation, archaeology and representations of gender in the poetry of Seamus Heaney, in particular the ‘bog poems’ The Tollund Man and Bogland. We trace the early formative connections between the poet, peatlands and ‘bog body’ research, in which both literary critical and archaeological scholars have analysed themes including
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The Norse Waterways of West Mainland Orkney, Scotland Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-08-04 C. Richard Bates, Martin R. Bates, Barbara Crawford, Alexandra Sanmark, John Whittaker
ABSTRACT Norse place-names for farms, individual landscape features and general landscape areas are ubiquitous throughout the Orkney Islands. These have an origin during the mediaeval period AD790–1350 when Orkney was ruled by Scandinavian earls. The oldest referenced maps for the parish of Harray (West Mainland, Orkney) suggests that in the past significant waterways crossed wetlands extending between
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The Conservation of Lindow Man and Subsequent Changes Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-06-18 Vincent Daniels
ABSTRACT Lindow Man is the name given to a body excavated from a peat bog in Cheshire in 1984. After extensive scientific examinations were complete a conservation treatment was developed and carried out using parallels drawn from the conservation of water-logged wood and bone. It was decided that soaking in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution followed by freeze-drying offered the best prospect of success
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‘Earth Pantry, Bone Vault’: A Critical Analysis of the Peat Bog as an Archaeological Archive Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-06-15 Matthew Hitchcock
ABSTRACT The decay-halting effects of the Sphagnum moss that accumulates in the peat bogs of Northern Europe have preserved some of the most striking and provocative organic archaeological material from the ancient past, inspiring authors from a wide variety of disciplines. The botanist Harry Godwin envisaged the bog as an archive that removes its botanical and archaeological contents from the usual
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The Jortveit farm wetland: A Neolithic fishing site on the Skagerrak coast, Norway Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-06-12 S. V. Nielsen, P. Persson
ABSTRACT In 1931, several osseous and lithic artefacts, as well as fish and whalebones, were discovered in the wetland at the Jortveit farm in Southern Norway. In 2018–19, a small-scale excavation at the original find location took place and a series of AMS-dates were produced. The excavation identified a mud profile with exceptional preservation conditions. At ∼125–130 cm depth, the mud contained
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Regional Patterns in Bog Body Distribution – A Case Study from the UK Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2020-01-09 Jessica Stevens, Henry Chapman
ABSTRACT Recent programmes of dating, forensic examination and landscape studies have dramatically increased our understanding of well-preserved bog bodies. However, other examples, often existing only as ‘paper bodies’, remain less visible within debates about interpretation, but can provide a more comprehensive picture of what bog bodies represent. This paper presents the results of an examination
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The Analysis of Interred Pig Forefeet in a Bog on Dartmoor Using Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2018-07-03 Guinevere Granite, Robert Palfrey
ABSTRACT Three pig forefeet were buried approximately 20 centimetres (cm) below the surface in the Dartmoor bogs for ten months. To understand the bog environmental chemistry and its potential diagenetic effects on buried porcine remains, we applied Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (pXRF) to the pig bone and burial soil. We also wanted to ascertain whether pXRF allows us to resolve whether
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Glastonbury Lake Village Revisited: A Multi-proxy Palaeoenvironmental Investigation of an Iron Age Wetland Settlement Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2018-07-03 T. C. B. Hill, G. E. Hill, R. Brunning, R. Y. Banerjea, R. M. Fyfe, A. G. Hogg, J. Jones, M. Perez, D. N. Smith
ABSTRACT Glastonbury Lake Village is one of the most iconic late prehistoric wetland settlements in Europe. A new excavation in the core of Glastonbury Lake Village, for the first time since 1907, provided the opportunity for sampling of deposits associated with occupation of the site and for reconstructing the environmental conditions before the settlement was constructed. The results of a detailed
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Nasty, Brutish and Short?; The Life Cycle of an Iron Age Roundhouse at Black Loch of Myrton, SW Scotland Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2018-07-03 Anne Crone, Graeme Cavers, Enid Allison, Kimberley Davies, Derek Hamilton, Andrew Henderson, Helen Mackay, Dawn McLaren, Jackaline Robertson, Lynne Roy, Nicki Whitehouse
ABSTRACT Excavations at Black Loch of Myrton, Dumfries & Galloway are revealing the very well-preserved remains of an Iron Age settlement, the wetland context ensuring that the timber structures have remained intact and that the detritus of daily occupation survives for us to pick apart and understand. One of the structures in this settlement is an exceptionally well-preserved roundhouse, the material
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Wood Procurement at the Early Neolithic site of La Draga (Banyoles, Barcelona) Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2018-01-02 Oriol López-Bultó, Raquel Piqué Huerta
ABSTRACT Wood is one of the most common raw materials for the prehistoric societies. Therefore sites were wood is preserved in waterlogged conditions are essential in order to understand those prehistoric societies. La Draga (Banyoles, Spain) is a lake dwelling dated 5300–4900 cal BC, which correspond to the firsts farming societies on the Iberian Peninsula. The site has provided an excellent sample
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Humans, Animals and Water The Deposition of Human and Animal Remains in Norwegian Wetlands Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2018-01-02 Grethe Bjørkan Bukkemoen, Kjetil Skare
ABSTRACT This paper publishes an assemblage of human- and animal remains from Starene, a wetland site in Hedmark, south-east Norway, dating to the early and late Iron Age. The site is situated within a district with six previous finds of fragmented bog skeletons. The Starene site provided new information on this group of finds and also revealed animal remains, which have brought new insight to the
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Influence of Global and Local Environmental Change on Migratory Birds: Evidence for Variable Wetland Habitats in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of the Southern Levant Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2018-01-02 Lisa Yeomans
ABSTRACT Analysis of avifaunal remains from Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene settlements on the edge of a seasonally refreshed, yet diminishing, wetland in eastern Jordan illustrates the impact that habitat loss can have on bird migration. The wetland was a key wintering ground for a variety of waterfowl, with passage migrants also pausing on long-distance routes that ended at more southerly destinations
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Peat People. On the Function and Context of Medieval Artificial Platforms in a Coastal Wetland, Eelder- and Peizermaden, the Netherlands Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2018-01-02 Bert Groenewoudt, Jan van Doesburg
ABSTRACT Large, artificial habitation platforms are widely distributed along the southern North Sea coasts. In this article, we will focus on the less known, small medieval platforms situated further inland, on the edge of the extensive peat bogs which until medieval times covered much of the lowlands of the Netherlands. We have confronted data from the area Eelder- and Peizermaden with existing models
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Becoming Bog Bodies Sacrifice and Politics of Exclusion, as Evidenced in the Deposition of Skeletal Remains in Wetlands Near Uppåkra Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2018-01-02 Christina Fredengren
ABSTRACT This paper is inspired by new materialist gender theory and the way it reconfigures the analysis of bodies and the environment. Here the relationships entangled in wetlands and bogs through depositions are in focus. More specifically, it deals with the placing of bodily remains and artefacts in wet contexts around the political and religious centre of Uppåkra in Scania, South Sweden. The aim
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Wetland indicators: a guide to wetland formation, identification, delineation, classification and mapping Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Benjamin Gearey
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Down by the river: archaeology, palaeoenvironmental and geoarchaeoogical investigations of the Suffolk River Valleys Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Tony Brown
USA and would certainly be an appropriate and accessible volume for anyone seeking an introduction to the complex subjects of wetland science and management in this part of the world. Whilst the book is clearly not aimed at an archaeological audience, the availability of useful and accessible reference works on the subjects of wetland processes, formation and ecology can be something of an issue for
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Beaver (Castor fiber) Activity in an Archaeological Context: A Mid-Holocene Beaver Burrow Feature and a Late-Holocene Ecofact at the Late Palaeolithic Grabow Site, Northern Germany Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Johann Friedrich Tolksdorf, Falko Turner, Stephan Veil, Felix Bittmann, Klaus Breest
ABSTRACT Bioturbation and intrusive ecofacts are major concerns for the analysis of archaeological sites in wetland environments. Post-sedimentary influence of beavers (Castor fiber) is described for a well dated Late Palaeolithic archaeological record situated in a floodplain in Northern Germany. An extensive burrow system was documented and analysed according to its spatial dimensions and sedimentological
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Wetlands in Defiance: Exploring African-American Resistance in the Great Dismal Swamp Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Becca Peixotto
ABSTRACT The Great Dismal Swamp of Virginia and North Carolina (US) was home to disenfranchised Native Americans, enslaved canal company labourers and Maroons (‘fugitive slaves’) who lived in the wetlands temporarily and long term ca. 1607–1863. This paper discusses the methods and results of recent exploration and excavation in Virginia on the Williamson North and Williamson South sites. Publicly
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Palaeoenvironmental Investigations of the River Chelmer, Chelmsford, Essex, UK Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 K. Krawiec, E-J. Hopla, P. Grinter, D. Smith, P. Marshall, T.C.B. Hill, B. Gearey
ABSTRACT The value of understanding the landscape context within which sites of human occupation are situated is key to understanding their function and locality. The recovery of a borehole adjacent to the current course of the river Chelmer during the replacement of the existing A138 Chelmer Viaduct and river bridge allowed the palaeoenvironmental analysis and radiocarbon dating of floodplain sediments
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Integrating Land and Water – The Federsee Logboats in the Context of Prehistoric Traffic Across the European Watershed Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Martin Mainberger
ABSTRACT In the Federsee basin, a large bog in the pre-alpine foreland of Upper Swabia/Southern Germany, hitherto 58 logboats have been discovered. This outstanding large number of watercraft raises questions on the interrelationship between Federsee bog and the Main European Watershed. At the southern edge of Federsee basin, the riverine systems of Rhine and Danube rivers are separated only by few
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Place-lore concerning bog bodies and a bog body concerning place-lore Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Pikne Kama
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to introduce what kind of place-lore concerning bog bodies can be found in Estonian folklore. How could this place-lore be used by archaeologists? There is folklore describing people buried in swamps and bogs and drowning in wetlands. Moreover, some place-lore mentions finds of human remains from wetlands, which refers to incidents where bog bodies were found in
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Going Over the Same Old Ground? Archaeological Re-survey of a Raised Mire at Kinnegad, Co. Meath, Ireland: Implications for the Accurate Identification of Archaeological Sites Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Nora Bermingham
ABSTRACT Late in 2012 the remains of an early Iron Age body body, known as Moydrum Man, were recovered from an industrial raised bog at Kinnegad, Co. Meath. The recovery of human remains prompted repeat survey of the bog which was known to contain 21 archaeological sites dating from the Bronze Age. The 2013 survey identified 56 archaeological sites, almost tripling the number of sites already known
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Old maps, channel change, serendipity and loss: medieval fishweirs on the Fergus Estuary, Co. Clare, Ireland Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Rob Sands, Aidan O’Sullivan, Aoife Daly, Mary Dillon
ABSTRACT Large, impressive medieval V-shaped wooden fishing structures located on the Fergus Estuary, Co. Clare, Ireland have been the subject of ongoing research funded by the Heritage Council (2008–2012) and a Marie Curie IEF fellowship (2011–2013). The weirs would have caught fish on an ebb tide and are collectively known as the Boarland Rock complex. Successive construction occurred from as early
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The lost lochs of Scotland: tracking land-use change and its effects on the archaeological record Journal of Wetland Archaeology Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Michael J. Stratigos
ABSTRACT This paper examines how loch drainage in eighteenth and nineteenth century Scotland has shaped the archaeological record, with particular reference to lake dwellings known as ‘crannogs’. The analysis uses the Roy Military Survey of Scotland (1747–1755) as a baseline for charting changes to lacustrine environment through time. The work is unique for its scale which examines all of mainland