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  •   Mathematical structuralism and bundle theory
    Ratio Pub Date : 2024-02-09
    Bahram Assadian

    According to the realist rendering of mathematical structuralism, mathematical structures are ontologically prior to individual mathematical objects such as numbers and sets. Mathematical objects are merely positions in structures: their nature entirely consists in having the properties arising from the structure to which they belong. In this paper, I offer a bundle-theoretic account of this structuralist

  •   Knowability paradox, decidability solution?
    Ratio Pub Date : 2024-01-09
    William Bondi Knowles

    Fitch's knowability paradox shows that for each unknown truth there is also an unknowable truth, a result which has been thought both odd in itself and at odds with views which impose epistemic constraints on truth and/or meaningfulness. Here a solution is considered which has received little attention in the debate but which carries prima facie plausibility. The decidability solution is to accept

  •   Gettier and the a priori
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-11-27
    Philipp Berghofer

    In 1967, Alvin Goldman prominently claimed that the traditional JTB analysis is adequate for non-empirical knowledge. Since then, this claim has remained widely unchallenged. In this paper, I show that this claim is false. I provide two examples in which a true belief is a priori justified but epistemically defective such that it does not constitute knowledge. Finally, I submit a novel analysis of

  •   Introduction—A return to form
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-11-04
    Petter Sandstad

    Starting roughly thirty years ago, essences and essentialism has seen a gradual rise in interest and support, not only as measured in the number of publications, but also in terms of applicability to distinct philosophical issues. This special issue showcases this wide applicability. Michail Peramatzis opens with a paper on Aristotle. On Aristotle's hylomorphism, a substance such as Socrates is made

  •   Dynamic all the way down
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-10-12
    Donatella Donati, Simone Gozzano

    In this paper we provide an analysis of dynamic dispositionalism. It is usually claimed that dispositions are dynamic properties. However, there is no exhaustive analysis of dynamism in the dispositional literature. We will argue that the dynamic character of dispositions can be analyzed in terms of three features: (i) temporal extension, (ii) necessary change and (iii) future orientedness. Roughly

  •   Structure, essence and existence in chemistry
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-08-25
    Robin Findlay Hendry

    Philosophers have often debated the truth of microstructural essentialism about chemical substances: whether or not the structure of a chemical substance at the molecular scale is what makes it the substance it is. Oddly they have tended to pursue this debate without identifying what a structure is, and with some confusion and about what a chemical substance is. In this paper I draw on chemistry to

  •   Kant and the king: Lying promises, conventional implicature, and hypocrisy
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-08-21
    Roy Sorensen, Ian Proops

    Immanuel Kant promised, ‘as Your Majesty's loyal subject’, to abstain from all public lectures about religion. All past commentators agree this phrase permitted Kant to return to the topic after the King died. But it is not part of the ‘at-issue content’. Consequently, ‘as Your Majesty's loyal subject’ is no more an escape clause than the corresponding phrase in ‘I guarantee, as your devoted fan, that

  •   From individual to general experience
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-08-22
    Anja Berninger

    There has been some debate recently about whether we can come to know what an experience is like that we have not been through ourselves. Mostly, this debate focuses on general phenomenal knowledge. It is asked, for instance, whether we can come to know what it is like to be a refugee generally speaking (as opposed to being some specific refugee). In this paper, I want to add to this debate by trying

  •   The limits of the just-too-different argument
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-08-16
    Ragnar Francén, Victor Moberger

    According to moral non-naturalism, the kind of genuine or robust normativity that is characteristic of moral requirements cannot be accounted for within a wholly naturalistic worldview, but requires us to posit a domain of non-natural properties and facts. The main argument for this core non-naturalist claim appeals to what David Enoch calls the ‘just-too-different intuition’. According to Enoch, robust

  •   Delineating beauty: On form and the boundaries of the aesthetic
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-08-03
    Panos Paris

    Philosophical aesthetics has recently been expanding its purview—with exciting work on everyday aesthetics, somaesthetics, gustatory aesthetics, and the aesthetics of imperceptibilia like mathematics and human character—reclaiming territory that was lost during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when the discipline begun concentrating almost exclusively on the philosophy of art and restricted

  •   The significance of skepticism
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-07-17
    Taylor Madigan

    There is a recurrent sort of skeptical character in philosophical debates who believes that some social practice must be abolished because it involves a false presupposition about how things ‘really’ are. I examine this style of skeptical argument, using the moral responsibility skeptic as my main illustration. I excavate two unstated and un-argued for premises that it requires (which I call Undistorted

  •   Deflating the hard problem of consciousness by multiplying explanatory gaps
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-07-03
    Işık Sarıhan

    Recent philosophy has seen a resurgence of the realist view of sensible qualities such as colour. The view holds that experienced qualities are properties of the objects in the physical environment, not mentally instantiated properties like qualia or merely intentional, illusory ones. Some suggest that this move rids us of the explanatory gap between physical properties and the qualitative features

  •   Are there essential forms in the social domain?
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-06-14
    Ludger Jansen

    Traditionally, nature has often been thought to be structured by essential forms providing the generic features of natural things and thus the foundations for scientific explanations. In contrast, human history and the social domain have been thought to be the realm of ever-changing appearances, where contingency prevails. The paper argues that the existence of essential forms is compatible with the

  •   Alethic desires, framing effects, and deflationism: Reply to Asay
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-05-29
    Jeremy Wyatt

    Jamin Asay has recently argued that deflationists about the concept of truth cannot satisfactorily account for our alethic desires, i.e., those of our desires that pertain to the truth of our beliefs. In this brief reply, I show how deflationists can draw on well-established psychological findings on framing effects to explain how the concept of truth behaves within the scope of our alethic desires

  •   Contingency, arbitrariness, and the basis of moral equality
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-05-26
    Giacomo Floris

    Hardly anyone denies that (nearly) all human beings have equal moral status and therefore should be considered and treated as equals. Yet, if humans possess the property that confers moral status upon them to an unequal degree, how come they should be considered and treated as equals? It has been argued that this is because the variations in the degree to which the status-conferring property is held

  •   Computing in the nick of time
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-05-19
    J. Brendan Ritchie, Colin Klein

    The medium-independence of computational descriptions has shaped common conceptions of computational explanation. So long as our goal is to explain how a system successfully carries out its computations, then we only need to describe the abstract series of operations that achieve the desired input–output mapping, however they may be implemented. It is argued that this abstract conception of computational

  •   What analytic metaphysics can do for scientific metaphysics
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-05-16
    Chanwoo Lee

    The apparent chasm between two camps in metaphysics, analytic metaphysics and scientific metaphysics, is well recognized. I argue that the relationship between them is not necessarily a rivalry; a division of labour that resembles the relationship between pure mathematics and science is possible. As a case study, I look into the metaphysical underdetermination argument for ontic structural realism

  •   Memory belief is weak
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-05-14
    Changsheng Lai

    Recently there has been extensive debate over whether “belief is weak”, viz, whether the epistemic standard for belief is lower than for assertion or knowledge. While most current studies focus on notions such as “ordinary belief” and “outright belief”, this paper purports to advance this debate by investigating a specific type of belief; memory belief. It is argued that (outright) beliefs formed on

  •   A Socratic essentialist defense of non-verbal definitional disputes
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-04-28
    Kathrin Koslicki, Olivier Massin

    In this paper, we argue that, in order to account for the apparently substantive nature of definitional disputes, a commitment to what we call ‘Socratic essentialism’ is needed. We defend Socratic essentialism against a prominent neo-Carnapian challenge according to which apparently substantive definitional disputes always in some way trace back to disagreements over how expressions belonging to a

  •   Ruth Barcan Marcus and Minimal Essentialism
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-04-28
    Jessica Leech

    Since the publication of Kit Fine's “Essence and Modality”, there has been lively debate over how best to think of essence in relation to necessity. The present aim is to draw attention to a definition of essence in terms of modality that has not been given sufficient attention. This neglect is perhaps unsurprising, since it is not a proposal made in response to Fine's 1994 paper and ensuing discussion

  •   Luck egalitarianism and non-overlapping generations
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-04-25
    Elizabeth Finneron-Burns

    This paper argues that there are good reasons to limit the scope of luck egalitarianism to co-existing people. First, I outline reasons to be sceptical about how “luck” works intergenerationally and therefore the very grounding of luck egalitarianism between non-overlapping generations. Second, I argue that what Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen calls the “core luck egalitarian claim” allows significant intergenerational

  •   Aristotle on unity in Metaphysics Z.12 and H.6
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-04-13
    Michail Peramatzis

    Aristotle's inquiry into the definitional question “what is substance?” in the central books of the Metaphysics is constrained by the unity requirement. Roughly, a particular hylomorphic compound substance, such as this human, ought to be a unified whole and not just a heap of material parts and form. A similar claim applies to the substance-kind, human, which Metaphysics ΖΗΘ characterises as a hylomorphic

  •   On the alleged explanatory impotence/conceptual vacuity of substance dualism
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-04-08
    James Moreland

    In the last decade, there has been a notable upsurge in property (PD) and generic substance dualism (SD). By SD I mean the view that there is a spiritual substantial soul that is different from but variously related to its body. SD includes Cartesian, certain forms of late Medieval hylomorphic (e.g., Aquinas'), and Haskerian emergent SD. Nevertheless, some form of physicalism remains the majority view

  •   Does the Kantian state dominate?: Freedom and majoritarian rule
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-03-28
    Mike Gregory

    Recently, scholars have criticized what they call the “Kantian-Republican” thesis of freedom as non-domination. The main complaint is that domination is unavoidable. This concern can be separated into the problem of state domination, which suggests that the state's intervening powers necessarily dominate its citizens, and the problem of majority domination, which suggests that the People necessarily

  •   Is swearing morally innocent?
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-03-22
    Bouke de Vries

    Some philosophers believe that swearing is morally innocent insofar as it is non-abusive and vulgarities are being used, such as when people exclaim “s**t!” or “f**k!” This article shows this view to be mistaken. I start by arguing that taking offense at non-abusive vulgar swearing is not irrational, before arguing that, even if it were, such swearing would still not always be justified. The fact that

  •   Value relations sans evaluative grounds
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-03-21
    Andrés G. Garcia

    I argue that there can be value relations without individual values to support them. The fact that an item is better than another item does not have to be explained by reference to the values of the individual items. Instead, value relations can be grounded directly and exhaustively in descriptive facts about their relata. I show that my suggestion fits well with plausible perspectives on the nature

  •   How to be an antirealist about metaphysical explanation
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-03-21
    Naomi Thompson

    Antirealism about metaphysical explanation is relatively underexplored. This paper maps out the territory for the antirealist, explaining what it would take to be an antirealist given various different conceptions of metaphysical explanation, and of the relationship between metaphysical explanation and grounding.

  •   A substantial problem for priority monism
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-03-21
    Martin Glazier

    Priority monism is the doctrine that there is exactly one substance: the whole concrete cosmos. This paper develops an objection to priority monism. The objection is that although every substance is necessarily a substance, for the priority monist the cosmos is not necessarily a substance. It follows that the cosmos is not a substance and so priority monism is false. The priority monist's pluralist

  •   Causal theories of the moving spotlight
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-03-15
    Nihel H. Jhou

    This paper brings together the Sarvāstivāda (a major school of Abhidharma Buddhism) and Miller's (2019) moving spotlight theory to see how presentness is explained in terms of causation. The paper argues that a causal theory of presentness like Miller's encounters a dilemma: causation is either synchronic or diachronic, but neither is safe in the presence of the challenges. On the one hand, if causation

  •   Trust the process? Hyloenergeism and biological processualism
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-02-14
    Jeremy W. Skrzypek

    In this paper, I propose a theory of living organisms that captures the insights of both traditional Aristotelian hylomorphism and John Dupré's “biological processualism”. Like traditional Aristotelian hylomorphism, the proposed theory understands material objects to be comprised of both matter and form. Unlike contemporary structural varieties of hylomorphism, however, it does not understand the form

  •   Is Colour incompatibility analytic?
    Ratio Pub Date : 2023-01-04
    William Bondi Knowles

    It is widely believed that some a priori necessary truths are not analytic in the sense of transformable by substitution of synonyms into logical truths. One much-cited example comes from the supposed incompatibility between colour predicates. The idea is that sentences like “Nothing is both blue all over (or uniformly or at a point) and also red” are not transformable into a logical truth in the same

  •   Other minds, other people, and human opacity
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-11-27
    Peter M. S. Hacker

    This paper explains the absence of the problem of other minds in ancient philosophy and links its rise in early modern philosophy with the distinction between primary and secondary qualities and the consequent veil of ideas. The futile struggles of early modern philosophers with the problems is delineated. So too are the incoherent theories of modern neuroscientists and psychologists. The sources of

  •   Rule-consequentialism, procreative freedom, and future generations
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-11-20
    Julia Mosquera

    In this paper I analyse how procreative freedom poses a challenge for rule-consequentialism. First, I reconstruct the rule-consequentialist case for procreative freedom. Second, I argue that population scenarios resulting from very low fertility pose a problem for rule-consequentialism since such scenarios cannot secure population growth or even avoid human extinction in the long run. Third, I argue

  •   Introduction
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-11-17
    Charlotte Newey, Luke Elson

    Our lives are all better for having Brad in them, so it has been our pleasure to put together this Special Issue of Ratio. Rules to Live By: The Work of Brad Hooker features papers first presented at the Spring 2021 Ratio Conference, which was held in honour of Brad and his work. The themes herein reflect Brad's enormous contribution to moral philosophy, with half the papers focused on his version

  •   Correctly responding to reasons while being means-end incoherent
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-11-02
    Leonhard Schneider

    This paper argues that Reason Responsiveness (RR) accounts of rationality, proposed for example by Benjamin Kiesewetter and Error Lord, fail to explain structural irrationality (i.e., the irrationality involved in holding incoherent attitudes). Proponents of RR hold that rationality consists in correctly responding to available reasons. Structural irrationality, they argue, is just a “by-product” of

  •   Meaning and beauty
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-10-21
    Lucas Scripter

    What place do experiences of beauty have in a meaningful life? A marginal one, at best, it would seem, if one looks at the current literature in analytic philosophy. Treatments of beauty within so-called “analytic existentialism” tend to suffer from four limitations: beauty is neglected, reduced to artistic production, saddled to theology, or taken as a mere application of a broader theoretical framework

  •   Fairness and close personal relationships
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-09-30
    Charlotte A. Newey

    This paper argues that close personal relationships play an important role in our judgments about what is fair. I start with an explanation of leading theories of fairness, highlighting the potential for further work on the grounds of fairness. Next, I offer an account of close personal relationships as having the ability to generate legitimate and reasonable expectations of one or other party to a

  •   Fairness as comparative desert
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-09-27
    S. Deon Wu

    One prominent theory of fairness is John Broome's. This article identifies several problems with Broome's theory but defends Broome's claim that fairness requires the proportionate satisfaction of claims. This article also shows how Broome's conception of fairness is compatible with fairness as comparative desert.

  •   Deep personal relationships and well-being: A response to Hooker
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-08-17
    Roger Crisp

    This paper is a response to Brad Hooker's “Does having deep personal relationships constitute an element of well-being?” (2021). The paper begins with a discussion of the implications of disagreement about such issues. After raising some general questions for Hooker's account, the paper turns to the key elements in a deep personal relationship, according to Hooker: multi-faceted understanding, and

  •   Holding points of view does not amount to knowledge
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-08-09
    Rogelio Miranda Vilchis

    I argue that knowing and having points of view are fundamentally different epistemic states if we assume that having justified true beliefs is necessary for knowledge. Knowers necessarily possess justified true beliefs, but persons holding points of view may, for example, lack justification, have false beliefs, or both. I examine these differences and expose other crucial differentiating patterns between

  •   Hooker's rule-consequentialism, disasters, demandingness, and arbitrary distinctions
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-08-09
    Fiona Woollard

    According to Brad Hooker's rule-consequentialism, as well as ordinary moral prohibitions against lying, stealing, killing, and harming others, the optimific code will include an over-riding “prevent disaster clause”. This paper explores two issues related to the disaster clause. The first issue is whether the disaster clause is vague—and whether this is a problem for rule-consequentialism. I argue

  •   From Brad to worse: Rule-consequentialism and undesirable futures
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-08-05
    Tim Mulgan

    This paper asks how rule-consequentialism might adapt to very adverse futures, and whether moderate liberal consequentialism can survive into broken futures and/or futures where humanity faces imminent extinction. The paper first recaps the recent history of rule-consequentialist procreative ethics. It outlines rule-consequentialism, extends it to cover future people, and applies it to broken futures

  •   Hooker's rule-consequentialism and Scanlon's contractualism—A re-evaluation
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-08-03
    Jussi Suikkanen

    Brad Hooker's rule-consequentialism and T. M. Scanlon's contractualism have been some of the most debated ethical theories in normative ethics during the last twenty years or so. This article suggests that these theories can be compared at two levels. Firstly, what are the deep, structural differences between the rule-consequentialist and contractualist frameworks in which Hooker and Scanlon formulate

  •   Reasons for Rule Consequentialists
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-08-03
    Christopher Woodard

    This paper explores what a Rule Consequentialist of Brad Hooker's sort can and should say about normative reasons for action. I claim that they can provide a theory of reasons, but that doing so requires distinguishing different roles of rules in the ideal code. Some rules in the ideal code specify reasons, while others perform different functions. The paper also discusses a choice that Rule Consequentialists

  •   Three problems for the evolutionary debunking argument
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-07-22
    Oscar Davis, Damian Cox

    In attempting to debunk moral realism through an appeal to evolutionary facts, debunkers face a series of problems, which we label the problems of scope, corrosiveness, and post-hoc justification. To overcome these problems, debunkers must assume certain metaphysical or epistemological positions, or otherwise pre-establish them. In doing so, they must assume or pre-establish the very conclusion they

  •   Deep personal relationships, value, merit, and change
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-07-22
    Brad Hooker

    A paper of Roger Crisp’s four years ago contained arguments that seemed to imply that having deep personal relationships does not constitute an element of well-being. The lesson to draw from that paper of Crisp’s, according to a recent journal article of mine, is that one’s having a deep personal relationship does constitute an element of one’s well-being on condition that one’s affection for the other

  •   The comparison problem for approximating epistemic ideals
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-07-14
    Marc-Kevin Daoust

    Some epistemologists think that the Bayesian ideals matter because we can approximate them. That is, our attitudes can be more or less close to the ones of our ideal Bayesian counterpart. In this paper, I raise a worry for this justification of epistemic ideals. The worry is this: In order to correctly compare agents to their ideal counterparts, we need to imagine idealized agents who have the same

  •   Why disregarding hypocritical blame is appropriate
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-07-13
    Daniel Statman

    The topic of standing to blame has recently received a lot of attention. Until now, however, it has focused mainly on the blamer's perspective, investigating what it means to say of blamers that they lose standing to blame and why it is that they lose this standing under specified conditions. The present paper focuses on the perspective of the blamees and tries to explain why they are allowed to disregard

  •   Are superintelligent robots entitled to human rights?
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-07-10
    John-Stewart Gordon

    This paper considers relatively long-term possibilities for the future relationship between humans and superintelligent robots (SRs). The great technological developments in fields such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotics and computer science have made it quite likely that we will see the advent of SRs towards the end of this century (or somewhat later). If SRs have a higher moral and legal status

  •   A trilemma for naturalized metaphysics
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-06-30
    Rasmus Jaksland

    Radical naturalized metaphysics wants to argue (1) that metaphysics without sufficient epistemic warrant should not be pursued, (2) that the traditional methods of metaphysics cannot provide epistemic warrant, (3) that metaphysics using these methods must therefore be discontinued, and (4) that naturalized metaphysics should be pursued instead since (5) such science-based metaphysics succeeds in establishing

  •   Sincerity in bulk
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-06-27
    Grace Paterson

    This paper is concerned with situations in which a speaker issues many speech acts at the same time. A common example is the publication of a large text such as a book containing many distinct assertions. It is argued that these cases present a challenge for speech act theory related to how we are to understand sincerity. With reference to the well known paradox of the preface, it is argued that sincerity

  •   Against resultant moral luck
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-06-20
    Huzeyfe Demirtas

    Does one's causal responsibility increase the degree of one's moral responsibility? The proponents of resultant moral luck hold that it does. Until quite recently, the causation literature has almost exclusively been interested in the binary question of whether one factor is a cause of an outcome. Naturally, the debate over resultant moral luck also revolved around this binary question. However, we

  •   Ignorance, truth, and falsehood
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-06-03
    Pierre Le Morvan

    According to the Ignorance Factivity Thesis, for every proposition p, one is ignorant of p only if p is a truth. By contrast, according to the Ignorance Non-Factivity Thesis, it is false that, for every proposition p, one is ignorant of p only if p is a truth. I argue that, on balance, the case for the latter thesis is stronger than the case for the former.

  •   On being angry at oneself
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-05-15
    Laura Silva

    The phenomenon of self-anger has been overlooked in the contemporary literature on emotion. This is a failing we should seek to remedy. In this paper I provide the first effort towards a philosophical characterization of self-anger. I argue that self-anger is a genuine instance of anger and that, as such, it is importantly distinct from the negative self-directed emotions of guilt and shame. Doing

  •   Deflationism, truth, and desire
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-05-12
    Jamin Asay

    Deflationists about truth generally regard the contribution that “true” makes to utterances to be purely logical or expressive: it exists to facilitate communication, and remedy our expressive deficiencies that are due to ignorance or finitude. This paper presents a challenge to that view by considering alethic desires. Alethic desires are desires for one's beliefs to be true. Such desires, I argue

  •   Artefacts from tomorrow: Future dilemmas of the parahistorian
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-04-22
    Alasdair Richmond

    In 1987, Roy Sorensen coined the term “parahistory” to denote the hypothetical study of evidence retrieved via time travel. Parahistory would thus stand to history rather as parapsychology does to psychology; studying data (in this case artefacts) that are obtained in ways unrecognised by orthodox science. This paper considers future-derived parahistorical artefacts. Past/future asymmetries threaten

  •   Value after death
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-03-28
    Christopher Frugé

    Does our life have value for us after we die? Despite the importance of such a question, many would find it absurd, even incoherent. Once we are dead, the thought goes, we are no longer around to have any wellbeing at all. However, in this paper I argue that this common thought is mistaken. In order to make sense of some of our most central normative thoughts and practices, we must hold that a person

  •   ‘Actually’ again
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-03-21
    Yannis Stephanou

    Some authors have suggested that, contrary to what is usually thought, ‘actually’ and similar expressions (‘in fact’, ‘in reality’, etc.) cannot effect a return to the actual world when used in a context generated by a different modal operator, and so are quite unlike the actuality operator of modal logic. I argue that they can induce such a return. The argument involves comparing them with other devices

  •   Eternalism and the problem of hyperplanes
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-03-09
    Matias Slavov

    Eternalism is the view that the past, the present and the future exist simpliciter. A typical argument in favor of this view leans on the relativity of simultaneity. The ‘equally real with’ relation is assumed to be transitive between spacelike separated events connected by hyperplanes of simultaneity. This reasoning is in tension with the conventionality of simultaneity. Conventionality indicates

  •   A puzzle about meaning and luck
    Ratio Pub Date : 2022-01-23
    Matthew Hammerton

    This article raises a puzzle about luck and meaning in life. The puzzle shows that, in certain cases involving luck, standard intuitions about the meaningfulness of various lives conflict with basic theoretical assumptions about the nature of meaning. After setting out the puzzle, several options for resolving it are developed and evaluated.

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