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Beyond Anthropocentrism: The Moral and Strategic Philosophy behind Russell and Burch’s 3Rs in Animal Experimentation Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Nico Dario Müller
The 3Rs framework in animal experimentation– “replace, reduce, refine” – has been alleged to be expressive of anthropocentrism, the view that only humans are directly morally relevant. After all, the 3Rs safeguard animal welfare only as far as given human research objectives permit, effectively prioritizing human use interests over animal interests. This article acknowledges this prioritization, but
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Emotional Labor and the Problem of Exploitation in Roboticized Care Practices: Enriching the Framework of Care Centred Value Sensitive Design Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Belén Liedo, Janna Van Grunsven, Lavinia Marin
Care ethics has been advanced as a suitable framework for evaluating the ethical significance of assistive robotics. One of the most prominent care ethical contributions to the ethical assessment of assistive robots comes through the work of Aimee Van Wynsberghe, who has developed the Care-Centred Value-Sensitive Design framework (CCVSD) in order to incorporate care values into the design of assistive
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Supporting Trustworthy AI Through Machine Unlearning Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Emmie Hine, Claudio Novelli, Mariarosaria Taddeo, Luciano Floridi
Machine unlearning (MU) is often analyzed in terms of how it can facilitate the “right to be forgotten.” In this commentary, we show that MU can support the OECD’s five principles for trustworthy AI, which are influencing AI development and regulation worldwide. This makes it a promising tool to translate AI principles into practice. We also argue that the implementation of MU is not without ethical
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Transforming Ethics Education Through a Faculty Learning Community: “I’m Coming Around to Seeing Ethics as Being Maybe as Important as Calculus” Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-09-09 Justin L. Hess, Elizabeth Sanders, Grant A. Fore, Martin Coleman, Mary Price, Sammy Nyarko, Brandon Sorge
Ethics is central to scientific and engineering research and practice, but a key challenge for promoting students’ ethical formation involves enhancing faculty members’ ability and confidence in embedding positive ethical learning experiences into their curriculums. To this end, this paper explores changes in faculty members’ approaches to and perceptions of ethics education following their participation
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Team Factors in Ethical Decision Making: A Content Analysis of Interviews with Scientists and Engineers Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 Logan L. Watts, Sampoorna Nandi, Michelle Martín-Raugh, Rylee M. Linhardt
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Disruptive Technologies and Open Science: How Open Should Open Science Be? A ‘Third Bioethics’ Ethical Framework Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-09 Giovanni Spitale, Federico Germani, Nikola Biller-Andorno
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Life-Suspending Technologies, Cryonics, and Catastrophic Risks Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-09 Andrea Sauchelli
I defend the claim that life-suspending technologies can constitute a catastrophic and existential security factor for risks structurally similar to those related to climate change. The gist of the argument is that, under certain conditions, life-suspending technologies such as cryonics can provide self-interested actors with incentives to efficiently tackle such risks—in particular, they provide reasons
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Introduction to Topical Collection: Changing Values and Energy Systems Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-09 Joost Alleblas, Anna Melnyk, Ibo van de Poel
This paper is the introduction to a topical collection on “Changing Values and Energy Systems” that consists of six contributions that examine instances of value change regarding the design, use and operation of energy systems. This introduction discusses the need to consider values in the energy transition. It examines conceptions of value and value change and how values can be addressed in the design
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Promoting Data Sharing: The Moral Obligations of Public Funding Agencies Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-06 Christian Wendelborn, Michael Anger, Christoph Schickhardt
Sharing research data has great potential to benefit science and society. However, data sharing is still not common practice. Since public research funding agencies have a particular impact on research and researchers, the question arises: Are public funding agencies morally obligated to promote data sharing? We argue from a research ethics perspective that public funding agencies have several pro
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Responsibility Gap(s) Due to the Introduction of AI in Healthcare: An Ubuntu-Inspired Approach Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Brandon Ferlito, Seppe Segers, Michiel De Proost, Heidi Mertes
Due to its enormous potential, artificial intelligence (AI) can transform healthcare on a seemingly infinite scale. However, as we continue to explore the immense potential of AI, it is vital to consider the ethical concerns associated with its development and deployment. One specific concern that has been flagged in the literature is the responsibility gap (RG) due to the introduction of AI in healthcare
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Responsibility for the Environmental Impact of Data-Intensive Research: An Exploration of UK Health Researchers Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-25 Gabrielle Samuel
Concerns about research’s environmental impacts have been articulated in the research arena, but questions remain about what types of role responsibilities are appropriate to place on researchers, if any. The research question of this paper is: what are the views of UK health researchers who use data-intensive methods on their responsibilities to consider the environmental impacts of their research
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Impact and Assessment of Research Integrity Teaching: A Systematic Literature Review Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Daniel Crean, Bert Gordijn, Alan J. Kearns
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What does the Thinking about Relationalism and Humanness in African Philosophy imply for Different Modes of Being Present in the Metaverse? Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Cornelius Ewuoso
In this article, I interrogate whether the deployment and development of the Metaverse should take into account African values and modes of knowing to foster the uptake of this hyped technology in Africa. Specifically, I draw on the moral norms arising from the components of communal interactions and humanness in Afro-communitarianism to contend that the deployment of the Metaverse and its development
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The Role of Engineering Ethics in Mitigating Corruption in Infrastructure Systems Delivery Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 S. A. Ghahari, C. Queiroz, S. Labi, S. McNeil
Indications that corruption mitigation in infrastructure systems delivery can be effective are found in the literature. However, there is an untapped opportunity to further enhance the efficacy of existing corruption mitigation strategies by placing them explicitly within the larger context of engineering ethics, and relevant policy statements, guidelines, codes and manuals published by international
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Decentralising the Self – Ethical Considerations in Utilizing Decentralised Web Technology for Direct Brain Interfaces Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 David M Lyreskog, Hazem Zohny, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Ilina Singh, Julian Savulescu
The rapidly advancing field of brain-computer (BCI) and brain-to-brain interfaces (BBI) is stimulating interest across various sectors including medicine, entertainment, research, and military. The developers of large-scale brain-computer networks, sometimes dubbed ‘Mindplexes’ or ‘Cloudminds’, aim to enhance cognitive functions by distributing them across expansive networks. A key technical challenge
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Owning Decisions: AI Decision-Support and the Attributability-Gap Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-18 Jannik Zeiser
Artificial intelligence (AI) has long been recognised as a challenge to responsibility. Much of this discourse has been framed around robots, such as autonomous weapons or self-driving cars, where we arguably lack control over a machine’s behaviour and therefore struggle to identify an agent that can be held accountable. However, most of today’s AI is based on machine-learning technology that does
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From Pixels to Principles: A Decade of Progress and Landscape in Trustworthy Computer Vision Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-10 Kexin Huang, Yan Teng, Yang Chen, Yingchun Wang
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Defending and Defining Environmental Responsibilities for the Health Research Sector Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-06 Bridget Pratt
Six planetary boundaries have already been exceeded, including climate change, loss of biodiversity, chemical pollution, and land-system change. The health research sector contributes to the environmental crisis we are facing, though to a lesser extent than healthcare or agriculture sectors. It could take steps to reduce its environmental impact but generally has not done so, even as the planetary
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Comparing First-Year Engineering Student Conceptions of Ethical Decision-Making to Performance on Standardized Assessments of Ethical Reasoning Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-04 Richard T. Cimino, Scott C. Streiner, Daniel D. Burkey, Michael F. Young, Landon Bassett, Joshua B. Reed
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AI Through Ethical Lenses: A Discourse Analysis of Guidelines for AI in Healthcare Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-06-04 Laura Arbelaez Ossa, Stephen R. Milford, Michael Rost, Anja K. Leist, David M. Shaw, Bernice S. Elger
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Rethinking Health Recommender Systems for Active Aging: An Autonomy-Based Ethical Analysis Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-27 Simona Tiribelli, Davide Calvaresi
Health Recommender Systems are promising Articial-Intelligence-based tools endowing healthy lifestyles and therapy adherence in healthcare and medicine. Among the most supported areas, it is worth mentioning active aging. However, current HRS supporting AA raise ethical challenges that still need to be properly formalized and explored. This study proposes to rethink HRS for AA through an autonomy-based
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Epistemic Trust in Scientific Experts: A Moral Dimension Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-24 George Kwasi Barimah
In this paper, I develop and defend a moralized conception of epistemic trust in science against a particular kind of non-moral account defended by John (2015, 2018). I suggest that non-epistemic value considerations, non-epistemic norms of communication and affective trust properly characterize the relationship of epistemic trust between scientific experts and non-experts. I argue that it is through
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Correction: Mapping Ethical Artificial Intelligence Policy Landscape: A Mixed Method Analysis. Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-22 Tahereh Saheb,Tayebeh Saheb
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An Anticipatory Approach to Ethico-Legal Implications of Future Neurotechnology Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Stephen Rainey
This paper provides a justificatory rationale for recommending the inclusion of imagined future use cases in neurotechnology development processes, specifically for legal and policy ends. Including detailed imaginative engagement with future applications of neurotechnology can serve to connect ethical, legal, and policy issues potentially arising from the translation of brain stimulation research to
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Australia II: A Case Study in Engineering Ethics Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Peter van Oossanen, Martin Peterson
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The Ethics of Electronic Tracking Devices in Dementia Care: An Interview Study with Developers Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Jared Howes, Yvonne Denier, Tijs Vandemeulebroucke, Chris Gastmans
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Defining “Ethical Mathematical Practice” Through Engagement with Discipline-Adjacent Practice Standards and the Mathematical Community Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Rochelle E. Tractenberg, Victor I. Piercey, Catherine A. Buell
This project explored what constitutes “ethical practice of mathematics”. Thematic analysis of ethical practice standards from mathematics-adjacent disciplines (statistics and computing), were combined with two organizational codes of conduct and community input resulting in over 100 items. These analyses identified 29 of the 52 items in the 2018 American Statistical Association Ethical Guidelines
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Employee Grievance Redressal and Corporate Ethics: Lessons from the Boeing 737-MAX Crashes Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Shreesh Chary
Two Boeing 737-MAX passenger planes crashed in October 2018 and March 2019, suspending all 737-MAX aircraft. The crashes put Boeing’s corporate practices and culture under the spotlight. The main objective of this paper is to use the case of Boeing to highlight the importance of efficient employee grievance redressal mechanisms and an independent external regulator. The methodology adopted is a qualitative
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Performing Platform Governance: Facebook and the Stage Management of Data Relations Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Karen Huang, P. M. Krafft
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Navigating the Science System: Research Integrity and Academic Survival Strategies Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Andrea Reyes Elizondo, Wolfgang Kaltenbrunner
Research Integrity (RI) is high on the agenda of both institutions and science policy. The European Union as well as national ministries of science have launched ambitious initiatives to combat misconduct and breaches of research integrity. Often, such initiatives entail attempts to regulate scientific behavior through guidelines that institutions and academic communities can use to more easily identify
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Artificial Intelligence and Agency: Tie-breaking in AI Decision-Making Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Danielle Swanepoel, Daniel Corks
Determining the agency-status of machines and AI has never been more pressing. As we progress into a future where humans and machines more closely co-exist, understanding hallmark features of agency affords us the ability to develop policy and narratives which cater to both humans and machines. This paper maintains that decision-making processes largely underpin agential action, and that in most instances
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Technology and the Situationist Challenge to Virtue Ethics Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Fabio Tollon
In this paper, I introduce a “promises and perils” framework for understanding the “soft” impacts of emerging technology, and argue for a eudaimonic conception of well-being. This eudaimonic conception of well-being, however, presupposes that we have something like stable character traits. I therefore defend this view from the “situationist challenge” and show that instead of viewing this challenge
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Mapping Ethical Artificial Intelligence Policy Landscape: A Mixed Method Analysis Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Tahereh Saheb
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What Do We Teach to Engineering Students: Embedded Ethics, Morality, and Politics Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Avigail Ferdman, Emanuele Ratti
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How Competition for Funding Impacts Scientific Practice: Building Pre-fab Houses but no Cathedrals Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Stephanie Meirmans
In the research integrity literature, funding plays two different roles: it is thought to elevate questionable research practices (QRPs) due to perverse incentives, and it is a potential actor to incentivize research integrity standards. Recent studies, asking funders, have emphasized the importance of the latter. However, the perspective of active researchers on the impact of competitive research
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Measures of Ethics and Social Responsibility Among Undergraduate Engineering Students: Findings from a Longitudinal Study Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Shiloh James Howland, Brent K. Jesiek, Stephanie Claussen, Carla B. Zoltowski
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The Donation of Human Biological Material for Brain Organoid Research: The Problems of Consciousness and Consent Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Masanori Kataoka, Christopher Gyngell, Julian Savulescu, Tsutomu Sawai
Human brain organoids are three-dimensional masses of tissues derived from human stem cells that partially recapitulate the characteristics of the human brain. They have promising applications in many fields, from basic research to applied medicine. However, ethical concerns have been raised regarding the use of human brain organoids. These concerns primarily relate to the possibility that brain organoids
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Healthy and Happy? An Ethical Investigation of Emotion Recognition and Regulation Technologies (ERR) within Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Kris Vera Hartmann, Giovanni Rubeis, Nadia Primc
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Potential Issues in Mandating a Disclosure of Institutional Investigation in Retraction Notices Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Bor Luen Tang
A retraction notice is a formal announcement for the removal of a paper from the literature, which is a weighty matter. Xu et al. (Science and Engineering Ethics, 29(4), 25 2023) reported that 73.7% of retraction notices indexed by the Web of Science (1927–2019) provided no information about institutional investigations that may have led to the retractions, and recommended that Committee on Publication
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Scientists’ Views on the Ethics, Promises and Practices of Synthetic Biology: A Qualitative Study of Australian Scientific Practice Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Jacqueline Dalziell, Wendy Rogers
Synthetic biology is a broad term covering multiple scientific methodologies, technologies, and practices. Pairing biology with engineering, synbio seeks to design and build biological systems, either through improving living cells by adding in new functions, or creating new structures by combining natural and synthetic components. As with all new technologies, synthetic biology raises a number of
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Pedagogical Orientations and Evolving Responsibilities of Technological Universities: A Literature Review of the History of Engineering Education Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Diana Adela Martin, Gunter Bombaerts, Maja Horst, Kyriaki Papageorgiou, Gianluigi Viscusi
Current societal changes and challenges demand a broader role of technological universities, thus opening the question of how their role evolved over time and how to frame their current responsibility. In response to urgent calls for debating and redefining the identity of contemporary technological universities, this paper has two aims. The first aim is to identify the key characteristics and orientations
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A Survey Study on Knowledge and Attitude Toward the Ethics Committee and Research Ethical Practices Among Researchers From Kuwait Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Rashmi Shiju, Smitha Thankachan, Ayesha Akhil, Prem Sharma, Abdullah Bennakhi
The integrity of research findings and the safety of participants who voluntarily consent to participate in research studies must be assured through ethical approaches. Additionally, ethical guidelines and the ethics committee protect participants from unfair practices by the research team. Therefore, this study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward the ethics committee and research ethical
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Playing Brains: The Ethical Challenges Posed by Silicon Sentience and Hybrid Intelligence in DishBrain Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Stephen R. Milford, David Shaw, Georg Starke
The convergence of human and artificial intelligence is currently receiving considerable scholarly attention. Much debate about the resulting Hybrid Minds focuses on the integration of artificial intelligence into the human brain through intelligent brain-computer interfaces as they enter clinical use. In this contribution we discuss a complementary development: the integration of a functional in vitro
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A Systematic Review of the 2016 National Academy of Engineering Exemplary Ethics Programs: Revisions to a Coding Framework Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Justin L. Hess, Alison J. Kerr, Athena Lin, Andrew Chung
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Genetically Engineered Foods and Moral Absolutism: A Representative Study from Germany Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Johanna Jauernig, Matthias Uhl, Gabi Waldhof
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How Smart are Smart Materials? A Conceptual and Ethical Analysis of Smart Lifelike Materials for the Design of Regenerative Valve Implants Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Anne-Floor J. de Kanter, Karin R. Jongsma, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Annelien L. Bredenoord
It may soon become possible not just to replace, but to re-grow healthy tissues after injury or disease, because of innovations in the field of Regenerative Medicine. One particularly promising innovation is a regenerative valve implant to treat people with heart valve disease. These implants are fabricated from so-called ‘smart’, ‘lifelike’ materials. Implanted inside a heart, these implants stimulate
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AI as an Epistemic Technology Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Ramón Alvarado
In this paper I argue that Artificial Intelligence and the many data science methods associated with it, such as machine learning and large language models, are first and foremost epistemic technologies. In order to establish this claim, I first argue that epistemic technologies can be conceptually and practically distinguished from other technologies in virtue of what they are designed for, what they
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Criticizing Danaher’s Approach to Superficial State Deception Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 Maciej Musiał
If existing or future robots appear to have some capacity, state or property, how can we determine whether they truly have it or whether we are deceived into believing so? John Danaher addresses this question by formulating his approach to what he refers to as superficial state deception (SSD) from the perspective of his theory termed ethical behaviourism (EB), which was initially designed to determine
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Caring in an Algorithmic World: Ethical Perspectives for Designers and Developers in Building AI Algorithms to Fight Fake News Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Galit Wellner, Dmytro Mykhailov
This article suggests several design principles intended to assist in the development of ethical algorithms exemplified by the task of fighting fake news. Although numerous algorithmic solutions have been proposed, fake news still remains a wicked socio-technical problem that begs not only engineering but also ethical considerations. We suggest employing insights from ethics of care while maintaining
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SAF: Stakeholders’ Agreement on Fairness in the Practice of Machine Learning Development Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 Georgina Curto, Flavio Comim
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Co-creating Research Integrity Education Guidelines for Research Institutions Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Krishma Labib, Natalie Evans, Daniel Pizzolato, Noémie Aubert Bonn, Guy Widdershoven, Lex Bouter, Teodora Konach, Miranda Langendam, Kris Dierickx, Joeri Tijdink
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A Comparative Defense of Self-initiated Prospective Moral Answerability for Autonomous Robot harm Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Marc Champagne, Ryan Tonkens
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Retractions and Rewards in Science: An Open Question for Reviewers and Funders Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Mariana D. Ribeiro, Michael W. Kalichman, Sonia M. R. Vasconcelos
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What do Retraction Notices Reveal About Institutional Investigations into Allegations Underlying Retractions? Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Shaoxiong Brian Xu, Natalie Evans, Guangwei Hu, Lex Bouter
Academic journal publications may be retracted following institutional investigations that confirm allegations of research misconduct. Retraction notices can provide insight into the role institutional investigations play in the decision to retract a publication. Through a content analysis of 7,318 retraction notices published between 1927 and 2019 and indexed by the Web of Science, we found that most
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Post-publication Peer Review with an Intention to Uncover Data/Result Irregularities and Potential Research Misconduct in Scientific Research: Vigilantism or Volunteerism? Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Nicole Shu Ling Yeo-Teh, Bor Luen Tang
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Ethics Inside the Black Box: Integrating Science and Technology Studies into Engineering and Public Policy Curricula Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Christopher Lawrence, Sheila Jasanoff, Sam Weiss Evans, Keith Raffel, L. Mahadevan
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“Technical” Contributors and Authorship Distribution in Health Science Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-21 Elise Smith
In health sciences, technical contributions may be undervalued and excluded in the author byline. In this paper, I demonstrate how authorship is a historical construct which perpetuates systemic injustices including technical undervaluation. I make use of Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual work to demonstrate how the power dynamics at play in academia make it very challenging to change the habitual state
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Reflections on Putting AI Ethics into Practice: How Three AI Ethics Approaches Conceptualize Theory and Practice Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Hannah Bleher, Matthias Braun
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Go Big or Go Home? A New Case for Integrating Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in Engineering Ethics Education Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 2.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Andrew McAninch
In this paper, I make a novel case for an expansive approach to engineering ethics education, one that regards micro-ethics and macro-ethics as essentially complementary. Although others have voiced support for including macro-ethical reflection within engineering ethics education, I advance a stronger claim, arguing that isolating engineering ethics from macro-level issues risks rendering even micro-ethical