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Mapping Ethical Artificial Intelligence Policy Landscape: A Mixed Method Analysis Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Tahereh Saheb
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What Do We Teach to Engineering Students: Embedded Ethics, Morality, and Politics Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-19
Abstract In the past few years, calls for integrating ethics modules in engineering curricula have multiplied. Despite this positive trend, a number of issues with these ‘embedded’ programs remains. First, learning goals are underspecified. A second limitation is the conflation of different dimensions under the same banner, in particular confusion between ethics curricula geared towards addressing
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How Competition for Funding Impacts Scientific Practice: Building Pre-fab Houses but no Cathedrals Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Stephanie Meirmans
In the research integrity literature, funding plays two different roles: it is thought to elevate questionable research practices (QRPs) due to perverse incentives, and it is a potential actor to incentivize research integrity standards. Recent studies, asking funders, have emphasized the importance of the latter. However, the perspective of active researchers on the impact of competitive research
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Ambiguity in Ethical Standards: Global Versus Local Science in Explaining Academic Plagiarism Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-12
Abstract The past decade has seen extensive research carried out on the systematic causes of research misconduct. Simultaneously, less attention has been paid to the variation in academic misconduct between research fields, as most empirical studies focus on one particular discipline. We propose that academic discipline is one of several systematic factors that might contribute to academic misbehavior
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Measures of Ethics and Social Responsibility Among Undergraduate Engineering Students: Findings from a Longitudinal Study Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Shiloh James Howland, Brent K. Jesiek, Stephanie Claussen, Carla B. Zoltowski
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The Donation of Human Biological Material for Brain Organoid Research: The Problems of Consciousness and Consent Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Masanori Kataoka, Christopher Gyngell, Julian Savulescu, Tsutomu Sawai
Human brain organoids are three-dimensional masses of tissues derived from human stem cells that partially recapitulate the characteristics of the human brain. They have promising applications in many fields, from basic research to applied medicine. However, ethical concerns have been raised regarding the use of human brain organoids. These concerns primarily relate to the possibility that brain organoids
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Healthy and Happy? An Ethical Investigation of Emotion Recognition and Regulation Technologies (ERR) within Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Kris Vera Hartmann, Giovanni Rubeis, Nadia Primc
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Potential Issues in Mandating a Disclosure of Institutional Investigation in Retraction Notices Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Bor Luen Tang
A retraction notice is a formal announcement for the removal of a paper from the literature, which is a weighty matter. Xu et al. (Science and Engineering Ethics, 29(4), 25 2023) reported that 73.7% of retraction notices indexed by the Web of Science (1927–2019) provided no information about institutional investigations that may have led to the retractions, and recommended that Committee on Publication
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Scientists’ Views on the Ethics, Promises and Practices of Synthetic Biology: A Qualitative Study of Australian Scientific Practice Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Jacqueline Dalziell, Wendy Rogers
Synthetic biology is a broad term covering multiple scientific methodologies, technologies, and practices. Pairing biology with engineering, synbio seeks to design and build biological systems, either through improving living cells by adding in new functions, or creating new structures by combining natural and synthetic components. As with all new technologies, synthetic biology raises a number of
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Pedagogical Orientations and Evolving Responsibilities of Technological Universities: A Literature Review of the History of Engineering Education Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Diana Adela Martin, Gunter Bombaerts, Maja Horst, Kyriaki Papageorgiou, Gianluigi Viscusi
Current societal changes and challenges demand a broader role of technological universities, thus opening the question of how their role evolved over time and how to frame their current responsibility. In response to urgent calls for debating and redefining the identity of contemporary technological universities, this paper has two aims. The first aim is to identify the key characteristics and orientations
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Playing Brains: The Ethical Challenges Posed by Silicon Sentience and Hybrid Intelligence in DishBrain Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Stephen R. Milford, David Shaw, Georg Starke
The convergence of human and artificial intelligence is currently receiving considerable scholarly attention. Much debate about the resulting Hybrid Minds focuses on the integration of artificial intelligence into the human brain through intelligent brain-computer interfaces as they enter clinical use. In this contribution we discuss a complementary development: the integration of a functional in vitro
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A Survey Study on Knowledge and Attitude Toward the Ethics Committee and Research Ethical Practices Among Researchers From Kuwait Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Rashmi Shiju, Smitha Thankachan, Ayesha Akhil, Prem Sharma, Abdullah Bennakhi
The integrity of research findings and the safety of participants who voluntarily consent to participate in research studies must be assured through ethical approaches. Additionally, ethical guidelines and the ethics committee protect participants from unfair practices by the research team. Therefore, this study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward the ethics committee and research ethical
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A Systematic Review of the 2016 National Academy of Engineering Exemplary Ethics Programs: Revisions to a Coding Framework Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Justin L. Hess, Alison J. Kerr, Athena Lin, Andrew Chung
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Genetically Engineered Foods and Moral Absolutism: A Representative Study from Germany Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Johanna Jauernig, Matthias Uhl, Gabi Waldhof
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How Smart are Smart Materials? A Conceptual and Ethical Analysis of Smart Lifelike Materials for the Design of Regenerative Valve Implants Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Anne-Floor J. de Kanter, Karin R. Jongsma, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Annelien L. Bredenoord
It may soon become possible not just to replace, but to re-grow healthy tissues after injury or disease, because of innovations in the field of Regenerative Medicine. One particularly promising innovation is a regenerative valve implant to treat people with heart valve disease. These implants are fabricated from so-called ‘smart’, ‘lifelike’ materials. Implanted inside a heart, these implants stimulate
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AI as an Epistemic Technology Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Ramón Alvarado
In this paper I argue that Artificial Intelligence and the many data science methods associated with it, such as machine learning and large language models, are first and foremost epistemic technologies. In order to establish this claim, I first argue that epistemic technologies can be conceptually and practically distinguished from other technologies in virtue of what they are designed for, what they
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Criticizing Danaher’s Approach to Superficial State Deception Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 Maciej Musiał
If existing or future robots appear to have some capacity, state or property, how can we determine whether they truly have it or whether we are deceived into believing so? John Danaher addresses this question by formulating his approach to what he refers to as superficial state deception (SSD) from the perspective of his theory termed ethical behaviourism (EB), which was initially designed to determine
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Caring in an Algorithmic World: Ethical Perspectives for Designers and Developers in Building AI Algorithms to Fight Fake News Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Galit Wellner, Dmytro Mykhailov
This article suggests several design principles intended to assist in the development of ethical algorithms exemplified by the task of fighting fake news. Although numerous algorithmic solutions have been proposed, fake news still remains a wicked socio-technical problem that begs not only engineering but also ethical considerations. We suggest employing insights from ethics of care while maintaining
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SAF: Stakeholders’ Agreement on Fairness in the Practice of Machine Learning Development Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 Georgina Curto, Flavio Comim
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Co-creating Research Integrity Education Guidelines for Research Institutions Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Krishma Labib, Natalie Evans, Daniel Pizzolato, Noémie Aubert Bonn, Guy Widdershoven, Lex Bouter, Teodora Konach, Miranda Langendam, Kris Dierickx, Joeri Tijdink
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A Comparative Defense of Self-initiated Prospective Moral Answerability for Autonomous Robot harm Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Marc Champagne, Ryan Tonkens
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Retractions and Rewards in Science: An Open Question for Reviewers and Funders Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Mariana D. Ribeiro, Michael W. Kalichman, Sonia M. R. Vasconcelos
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What do Retraction Notices Reveal About Institutional Investigations into Allegations Underlying Retractions? Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Shaoxiong Brian Xu, Natalie Evans, Guangwei Hu, Lex Bouter
Academic journal publications may be retracted following institutional investigations that confirm allegations of research misconduct. Retraction notices can provide insight into the role institutional investigations play in the decision to retract a publication. Through a content analysis of 7,318 retraction notices published between 1927 and 2019 and indexed by the Web of Science, we found that most
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Post-publication Peer Review with an Intention to Uncover Data/Result Irregularities and Potential Research Misconduct in Scientific Research: Vigilantism or Volunteerism? Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Nicole Shu Ling Yeo-Teh, Bor Luen Tang
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“Technical” Contributors and Authorship Distribution in Health Science Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-21 Elise Smith
In health sciences, technical contributions may be undervalued and excluded in the author byline. In this paper, I demonstrate how authorship is a historical construct which perpetuates systemic injustices including technical undervaluation. I make use of Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual work to demonstrate how the power dynamics at play in academia make it very challenging to change the habitual state
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Ethics Inside the Black Box: Integrating Science and Technology Studies into Engineering and Public Policy Curricula Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Christopher Lawrence, Sheila Jasanoff, Sam Weiss Evans, Keith Raffel, L. Mahadevan
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Reflections on Putting AI Ethics into Practice: How Three AI Ethics Approaches Conceptualize Theory and Practice Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Hannah Bleher, Matthias Braun
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Go Big or Go Home? A New Case for Integrating Micro-ethics and Macro-ethics in Engineering Ethics Education Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Andrew McAninch
In this paper, I make a novel case for an expansive approach to engineering ethics education, one that regards micro-ethics and macro-ethics as essentially complementary. Although others have voiced support for including macro-ethical reflection within engineering ethics education, I advance a stronger claim, arguing that isolating engineering ethics from macro-level issues risks rendering even micro-ethical
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The Mentor’s Role in Fostering Research Integrity Standards Among New Generations of Researchers: A Review of Empirical Studies Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-09 Daniel Pizzolato, Kris Dierickx
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Epistemic and Non-epistemic Values in Earthquake Engineering Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Luca Zanetti, Daniele Chiffi, Lorenza Petrini
The importance of epistemic values in science is universally recognized, whereas the role of non-epistemic values is sometimes considered disputable. It has often been argued that non-epistemic values are more relevant in applied sciences, where the goals are often practical and not merely scientific. In this paper, we present a case study concerning earthquake engineering. So far, the philosophical
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Research Ethics in the Age of Digital Platforms Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 José Luis Molina, Paola Tubaro, Antonio Casilli, Antonio Santos-Ortega
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Designing for Care Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Giovanni Frigo, Christine Milchram, Rafaela Hillerbrand
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How Do Scientists Perceive the Relationship Between Ethics and Science? A Pilot Study of Scientists’ Appeals to Values Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Caleb L. Linville, Aidan C. Cairns, Tyler Garcia, Bill Bridges, Jonathan Herington, James T. Laverty, Scott Tanona
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A Taxonomy for Research Intergrity Training: Design, Conduct, and Improvements in Research Integrity Courses Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Mariëtte van den Hoven, Tom Lindemann, Linda Zollitsch, Julia Prieß-Buchheit
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Value Change, Energy Systems, and Rational Choice: The Expected Center of Gravity Principle Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-04-19 Martin Peterson
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Is Online Moral Outrage Outrageous? Rethinking the Indignation Machine Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Emilian Mihailov, Cristina Voinea, Constantin Vică
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AI Moral Enhancement: Upgrading the Socio-Technical System of Moral Engagement Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Richard Volkman, Katleen Gabriels
Several proposals for moral enhancement would use AI to augment (auxiliary enhancement) or even supplant (exhaustive enhancement) human moral reasoning or judgment. Exhaustive enhancement proposals conceive AI as some self-contained oracle whose superiority to our own moral abilities is manifest in its ability to reliably deliver the ‘right’ answers to all our moral problems. We think this is a mistaken
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Machine Ethics: Do Androids Dream of Being Good People? Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Gonzalo Génova, Valentín Moreno, M. Rosario González
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Exploring the Impact of Tensions in Stakeholder Norms on Designing for Value Change: The Case of Biosafety in Industrial Biotechnology Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-07 Enrique Asin-Garcia, Zoë Robaey, Linde F. C. Kampers, Vitor A. P. Martins dos Santos
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Principal Investigators’ Priorities and Perceived Barriers and Facilitators When Making Decisions About Conducting Essential Research in the COVID-19 Pandemic Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Alison L. Antes, Tristan J. McIntosh, Stephanie Solomon Cargill, Samuel Bruton, Kari Baldwin
At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, stay-at-home orders disrupted normal research operations. Principal investigators (PIs) had to make decisions about conducting and staffing essential research under unprecedented, rapidly changing conditions. These decisions also had to be made amid other substantial work and life stressors, like pressures to be productive and staying healthy
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The Contribution of Moral Case Deliberation to Teaching RCR to PhD Students Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Giulia Inguaggiato, Krishma Labib, Natalie Evans, Fenneke Blom, Lex Bouter, Guy Widdershoven
Teaching responsible conduct of research (RCR) to PhD students is crucial for fostering responsible research practice. In this paper, we show how the use of Moral Case Deliberation—a case reflection method used in the Amsterdam UMC RCR PhD course—is particularity valuable to address three goals of RCR education: (1) making students aware of, and internalize, RCR principles and values, (2) supporting
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Educating Engineering Students to Address Bias and Discrimination Within Their Project Teams Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Siara Isaac, Nihat Kotluk, Roland Tormey
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Socially Assistive Devices in Healthcare–a Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence from an Ethical Perspective Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-02 Joschka Haltaufderheide, Annika Lucht, Christoph Strünck, Jochen Vollmann
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How Neurotech Start-Ups Envision Ethical Futures: Demarcation, Deferral, Delegation Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-02-02 Sophia Knopf, Nina Frahm, Sebastian M. Pfotenhauer
Like many ethics debates surrounding emerging technologies, neuroethics is increasingly concerned with the private sector. Here, entrepreneurial visions and claims of how neurotechnology innovation will revolutionize society—from brain-computer-interfaces to neural enhancement and cognitive phenotyping—are confronted with public and policy concerns about the risks and ethical challenges related to
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The Value-Free Ideal of Science: A Useful Fiction? A Review of Non-epistemic Reasons for the Research Integrity Community Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2023-01-09 Jacopo Ambrosj, Kris Dierickx, Hugh Desmond
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States of Uncertainty, Risk–Benefit Assessment and Early Clinical Research: A Conceptual Investigation Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-12-13 Antje Schnarr, Marcel Mertz
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Responsible Innovation and De Jure Standardisation: An In-Depth Exploration of Moral Motives, Barriers, and Facilitators Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-12-07 Martijn Wiarda, Geerten van de Kaa, Neelke Doorn, Emad Yaghmaei
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Robot Technology for the Elderly and the Value of Veracity: Disruptive Technology or Reinvigorating Entrenched Principles? Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-12-05 Seppe Segers
The implementation of care robotics in care settings is identified by some authors as a disruptive innovation, in the sense that it will upend the praxis of care. It is an open ethical question whether this alleged disruption will also have a transformative impact on established ethical concepts and principles. One prevalent worry is that the implementation of care robots will turn deception into a
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Multi Scale Ethics—Why We Need to Consider the Ethics of AI in Healthcare at Different Scales Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-28 Melanie Smallman
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Ethics of Autonomous Collective Decision-Making: The Caesar Framework Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-25 Mirgita Frasheri, Vaclav Struhar, Alessandro Vittorio Papadopoulos, Aida Causevic
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Sims and Vulnerability: On the Ethics of Creating Emulated Minds Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-25 Bartlomiej Chomanski
It might become possible to build artificial minds with the capacity for experience. This raises a plethora of ethical issues, explored, among others, in the context of whole brain emulations (WBE). In this paper, I will take up the problem of vulnerability – given, for various reasons, less attention in the literature – that the conscious emulations will likely exhibit. Specifically, I will examine
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The Ethics of ‘Deathbots’ Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-22 Nora Freya Lindemann
Recent developments in AI programming allow for new applications: individualized chatbots which mimic the speaking and writing behaviour of one specific living or dead person. ‘Deathbots’, chatbots of the dead, have already been implemented and are currently under development by the first start-up companies. Thus, it is an urgent issue to consider the ethical implications of deathbots. While previous
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Empowering the Research Community to Investigate Misconduct and Promote Research Integrity and Ethics: New Regulation in Scandinavia Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-17 Knut Jørgen Vie
Researchers sometimes engage in various forms of dishonesty and unethical behavior, which has led to regulatory efforts to ensure that they work according to acceptable standards. Such regulation is a difficult task, as research is a diverse and dynamic endeavor. Researchers can disagree about what counts as good and acceptable standards, and these standards are constantly developing. This paper presents
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Value Change, Value Conflict, and Policy Innovation: Understanding the Opposition to the Market-Based Economic Dispatch of Electricity Scheme in India Using the Multiple Streams Framework Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Nihit Goyal, Kaveri Iychettira
As policy innovation is essential for upscaling responsible innovation, understanding its relationship to value change(s) occurring or sought in sociotechnical systems is imperative. In this study, we ask: what are the different types of values in the policy process? And, how does value change influence policy innovation? We propose a disaggregation of values and value change based on a four-stream
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The Ethics of Supernumerary Robotic Limbs. An Enactivist Approach Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Nicola Di Stefano, Nathanaël Jarrassé, Luca Valera
Supernumerary robotic limbs are innovative devices in the field of wearable robotics which can provide humans with unprecedented sensorimotor abilities. However, scholars have raised awareness of the ethical issues that would arise from the large adoption of technologies for human augmentation in society. Most negative attitudes towards such technologies seem to rely on an allegedly clear distinction
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Repentance as Rebuke: Betrayal and Moral Injury in Safety Engineering Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Sidney W. A. Dekker, Mark D. Layson, David D. Woods
Following other contributions about the MAX accidents to this journal, this paper explores the role of betrayal and moral injury in safety engineering related to the U.S. federal regulator’s role in approving the Boeing 737MAX—a plane involved in two crashes that together killed 346 people. It discusses the tension between humility and hubris when engineers are faced with complex systems that create
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Understanding Value Change in the Energy Transition: Exploring the Perspective of Original Institutional Economics Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-10 Aad Correljé, Udo Pesch, Eefje Cuppen
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Energy Sovereignty: A Values-Based Conceptual Analysis Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-03 Cristian Timmermann, Eduardo Noboa
Achieving energy sovereignty is increasingly gaining prominence as a goal in energy politics. The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual analysis of this principle from an ethics and social justice perspective. We rely on the literature on food sovereignty to identify through a comparative analysis the elements energy sovereignty will most likely demand and thereafter distinguish the unique constituencies
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On the (Non-)Rationality of Human Enhancement and Transhumanism Science and Engineering Ethics (IF 3.7) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 David M. Lyreskog, Alex McKeown
The human enhancement debate has over the last few decades been concerned with ethical issues in methods for improving the physical, cognitive, or emotive states of individual people, and of the human species as a whole. Arguments in favour of enhancement defend it as a paradigm of rationality, presenting it as a clear-eyed, logical defence of what we stand to gain from transcending the typical limits