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Cultural Sustainability in the Historic Environment: An Application of Structural Functionalism Theory The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-02 Arezoo Izadi, Mahmoud Mohammadi, Soraya Memar, Shahriar Nasekhian
Approaches to cultural sustainability in the historic environment aims to recognise and leverage their inherent cultural potential. Historic areas have been the focus of increased attention due to ...
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‘Taking time’: Using Archaeology to Develop Policies Around the Mental and Physical Health of Older People in Custody The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-09 John Schofield, Thirimon Moe-Byrne, Amanda E. Perry
PAMHOP (The Physical And Mental Health of Older Prisoners) is an inter- and transdisciplinary project funded by the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). The project has two ...
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A Future Beyond the Impasse? Exploring Post-Conflict Religious Heritage The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Reyhan Sabri
With the alarming rise in intercommunal conflicts worldwide, knowledge regarding post-conflict cultural heritage issues must advance to help formulate effective management systems and policies. Thr...
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Economic and Institutional Factors Influencing the Selection of Project Delivery Models for Built Heritage Conservation in India The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-30 Debopam Roy, Satyanarayana N. Kalidindi, Arun Menon
Selecting a suitable project delivery method is one of the most critical decisions responsible for project success in heritage conservation. This is an area where projects have greater uncertaintie...
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A Theory of Cultural Heritage: Beyond the Intangible The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-04 Marc Kosciejew
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Ahead of Print, 2024)
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Centring Audiences: What Is the Value of Audience Mapping for Influencing Public Engagement with Cultural Heritage? The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Sara Perry, Katrina Foxton, Katrina Gargett, Lawrence Northall
Inherent biases, barriers to participation and other risks of exclusion thwart the UK cultural heritage sector’s capacity to benefit all citizens equally. However, growing evidence bases – from loc...
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Conservation and the Indian City: Bridging the Gap The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Naushad Tahsildar
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 15, No. 2, 2024)
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Bridging Heritage and Citizens: A Methodological Consultation-Based Approach The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Cristina Vicente-Gilabert, Blanca Del Espino-Hidalgo, Mercedes Linares-Gómez Del Pulgar
This study stems from the contemporary need to establish a connection between heritage and citizens, a fundamental element in heritage preservation and a safeguard for authenticity and identity val...
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Bridging Natural and Cultural Heritage Management: Recommendations for Present and Former Raised Bog Areas The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 M. Paulissen, R. van Beek
Raised bogs (peat moss-dominated wetlands) are under environmental pressure but valued for their specific biodiversity and climate-mitigating potential. Strong efforts to restore these unique ecosy...
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İżnik Town and Its Rural Landscape: Decision Making, Socio-Demographic Profiling and Conservation Policy Development The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Nazlı Songülen, Amine Seyhun Alkan Reis, Murat Güvenç, Yonca Erkan, Mahmut Çavur
In light of recent advances in landscape conservation, this study introduces a profiling model that provides context-sensitive heritage conservation strategies. The model is adaptable and focuses o...
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Adding Balconies to Historical Tenements – Local Approaches to the Retention of Heritage Value in Poland, Germany, and Denmark The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Marta Smektała, Magdalena Baborska-Narożny
Approximately 22% of the existing dwellings in the EU were built before 1946. In Wrocław, Poland ca. 21% of all dwellings in multifamily houses are protected for their heritage value. For such a si...
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Editorial 15.1 The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Michael Dawson
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 15, No. 1, 2024)
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The Impact of Images on the Adaptive Reuse of Post-Industrial Sites The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Grete Swensen, Maja Granberg
The adaptive reuse of industrial heritage has the potential to create distinctive cityscapes. Based on a comparative study of the regeneration of two former brownfield sites in Norway, we analyse t...
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Conserving Commons for Whom? Heritage Conservation in Nairobi and Other Places in Kenya The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-14 Dominic Kinyua Gitau, Ephraim W. Wahome, Mugwima Njuguna, Karanja Kinyanjui
Urban heritage is an indicator of people’s idiosyncrasies. Significant values and meanings are created, and their decline can be controlled through conservation. Unfortunately, conservation in Keny...
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City Governance, Participatory Democracy, and Cultural Heritage in Barcelona, 1986–2022 The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Laia Colomer, Ana Pastor Pérez
Citizen participation in Barcelona has undergone a gradual process of institutionalisation that has accelerated over the last ten years. Today, participatory governance in areas such as urban plann...
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Uncovering Implicit Western Science and Indigenous Values Embedded in Climate Change and Cultural Resource Adaptation Policy and Guidance The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-07 Selin Oh, Courtney Hotchkiss, Isaac St. John, Michael Durglo, David Goldstein, Erin Seekamp
Climate change discourse ranges from an acknowledgement of ancestral prophecy to the most urgent crisis of our time. If the terminology – words, concepts, and expressions – of discourse is understo...
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World Cultural Heritage: The Management of the Forbidden City The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Zehao Yao
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the system of dependencies and contradictions between the Forbidden City as an object of cultural heritage and the transformation of the historic environment...
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England’s Seaside Heritage from the Air The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Michael Dawson
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 15, No. 1, 2024)
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Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Policy Tale of Two Nations The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-17 William Bedford
The United Kingdom (UK) has not adopted the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage (the 2003 Convention). It has been argued that this is because the UK government does not ful...
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Post Colonial, Post Imperial, and Post-Industrial Heritage: Approaches to Managing Value The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-03 Michael Dawson
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 14, No. 4, 2023)
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Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation in Indian Heritage Management Policies The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-03 Aditi Sharma, Rawal Singh Aulakh
This research paper explores the significance of historic urban landscapes (HUL) in the context of Indian heritage management policies. It investigates the challenges faced in preserving and managi...
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Sustainable Assessment of Built Heritage Adaptive Reuse Practice: Iranian Industrial Heritage in the Light of International Charters The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-03 Farzaneh Gharaati, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, Adam Nadolny, Hassan Bazazzadeh
Adaptive reuse of Industrial heritage is among the most common of sustainable approaches to preserve heritage values and pass them on to the future generations. It also leads to a reduction in envi...
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Mapping Living Heritage in Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area, Norfolk Island: Routes, Customary Practices and Emotions The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-12-03 Sarah Baker, Zelmarie Cantillon, Chelsea Evans
In heritage management plans, maps have long been used to draw boundaries around regions and plot natural and cultural sites, trails and routes. Attention to participatory mapping and counter-mappi...
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War and the Historic Environment Part II The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Michael Dawson
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 14, No. 3, 2023)
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Mass Graves: The Forensic Investigation of the Deaths, Destruction and Deletion of Communities and Their Heritage The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Ian Hanson
Mass graves have for millennia been incorporated in the historic environment, often to conceal the dead. As a result of conflict, they form one part of the destruction of communities, and are intri...
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Understanding Liminality and Intangible Difficult Heritage through Film The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Joel Haikali, Stephen Dobson
The tourist's role in engaging with difficult heritage is described as a liminal one, in a state of ”limbo” outside of their ordinary lives, embracing the challenging historical narratives presente...
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Review: Ruin and Renewal. Civilising Europe after the Second World War The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Michael Dawson
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 14, No. 3, 2023)
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Russia was ‘Doomed to Expand [its] Aggression’ Against Ukraine: Cultural Property Criminals’ Responses to the Invasion and Occupation of the Donbas Since 20th February 2014 The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Sam Hardy, Serhii Telizhenko
ABSTRACT This study explores how Russia’s invasion and occupation of Ukraine has affected cultural property crime and how cultural property criminals have responded to those practical, social, political and economic changes. To do so, this online ethnography draws on netnographic data from 184 artefact-hunters across Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Greece, Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom, the United
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Empty Spaces, Buried Crimes: Post-Conflict Bosnia-Herzegovina The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Helen Walasek
This paper explores the catastrophic effect on the historic environment of the ethnic cleansing of the 1992–1995 Bosnian War and how it was dealt with by survivors in the aftermath of conflict. It ...
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Book Review: Cultural Heritage in Modern Conflict: Past, Propaganda, Parade The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Helen Walasek
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 14, No. 3, 2023)
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Nineteenth-Century Conservation of Byzantine Heritage in the Ottoman Empire: The Significance of the 1893 Istanbul Historic Peninsula Fortification Map The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Elif Acar Bilgin, Figen Kıvılcım Çorakbaş
City walls are essential urban elements contributing to the identity of historical cities. Their significance as a component of a city’s image is reflected on historical city maps, revealing the ph...
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Tourism-led adaptive reuse of the built vernacular heritage: A critical assessment of the transformation of historic neighbourhoods in Cappadocia, Turkey The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Fatma Gül Öztürk Büke
Since the last quarter of the twentieth century, increased tourism in traditional settlements have led to the adaptive reuse of built vernacular heritage to serve the tourism industry. The adaptive...
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War and the Historic Environment The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Michael Dawson
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 14, No. 2, 2023)
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The Fight for the Past: Contested Heritage and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-20 Christoph Mick
ABSTRACT Many in the West do not understand why Putin decided to attack Ukraine. Russian propagandists have thrown up a smokescreen, placing the blame on the expansion of NATO into Eastern Europe, slandering the Ukrainian government as a ‘Nazi’ regime, suggesting that ethnic Russians needed protection, or even insinuating a conspiracy by the West to destroy the Russian state and Russian culture. This
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Empires of Lies? The Political Uses of Cultural Heritage in War The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Nour A. Munawar, James Symonds
On the 24th of February 2022, Vladimir Putin addressed the Russian Federation in a televised speech announcing a ‘special military operation’ against Ukraine. Putin castigated the West as an ‘Empir...
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Archaeological Monitoring in War-Torn Ukraine The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Pavlo S. Shydlovskyi, Serhii A. Telizhenko, Vsevolod H. Ivakin
ABSTRACT The article examines the problems of monitoring the destruction of the archaeological heritage in Ukraine as a result of the aggression of the Russian Federation. The negative impact of the war on the general state of research is indicated. The problems that arise during the monitoring of archaeological heritage in the de-occupied territories are considered. Among the factors that make it
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Monumental Decisions: The Impact of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Soviet War Memorials The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Mark Dunkley
ABSTRACT As a direct result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2002, Soviet monuments across Eastern Europe – particularly those commemorating the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army in the Second World War – are being subject to accelerated removal. These monuments signify a mixture of victory and liberation; loss and grief; and occupation, tyranny and foreign rule, and their removal is deepening
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‘Lest We Forget’: The Archaeology of Warfare, Conservation, Interpretation, and Engagement in Hull and the East Riding of Yorkshire The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Richard Newman
ABSTRACT Much conflict archaeology is undertaken by or with the involvement of community groups and individual volunteers. The strengths and weaknesses of this approach are considered in the light of three initiatives underway in East Yorkshire, which include both relicts of modern warfare and more historic conflicts. The paper argues for ethically informed and sensitive narratives to be derived from
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Editorial 14.1 The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-27 Michael Dawson
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 14, No. 1, 2023)
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‘Heritage Under Fire’: The Office of Works and Historic Monuments in Wartime The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-22 Sebastian Fry
ABSTRACT The Ancient Monuments Branch of the Office (later, the Ministry) of Works, a department of the UK government, was the chief custodian of Britain’s historic monuments during the major conflicts of the 20th century. It accumulated what has been described as the greatest national collection of historic monuments ever assembled and oversaw state protection through the scheduling and listing of
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Museums and Museumification in Post-Conflict Contexts: Revisiting the Shaping of Architectural Reconstruction Strategies The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Reyhan Sabri, Danah AlGhareeb, Noora Alkhaja
ABSTRACT Because of their crucial role in interpreting histories, museums and the artefacts they display create a space for stories essential to cultural heritage. The destruction of museums causes irreversible losses in the cultural identity and memory of the local and global communities. Yet, despite international attempts to prevent them from being targeted, museums were extensively damaged (directly
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Railways as Common Cultural Heritage: Cyprus Government Railway The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Damla Mısırlısoy, Kağan Günçe
ABSTRACT Cyprus Government Railway (CGR), which operated between 1905-1951 was constructed during the British Colonial period. Railway heritage is important, since it is part of the common cultural heritage of both Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities living on the island. However, division of the island is a challenge to the conservation of the railway heritage. Unfortunately, little effort
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Cultural Heritage and Mass Atrocities The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Gerald Wait
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 14, No. 2, 2023)
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1982 Uncovered: The Falklands War Mapping Project The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Joe Flatman
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 14, No. 2, 2023)
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Everyday and Modern Heritage: Endorsing the Inclusion of Emerging Heritages in the Catalogue of the Master Plan of the Historic Centre of the Central District of Honduras The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-06 Antonio J. García-Fernández, Julia Rey-Pérez, Ángel Luís González
ABSTRACT In a period of accelerated urban transformation, there are certain types of heritage that are currently vulnerable due to the social strata or historical period they represent. Many of the buildings that make up the Historic Centre of the Central District of Honduras (HCCD) face this threat. This paper aims to identify and characterise the HCCD built heritage from a broader perspective considering
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Traditional Earthen Architecture: Konya, a Case Study of Intangible Heritage and Local Building Practice The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-02-05 Özlem Karakul
ABSTRACT Traditional earthen architecture is a process through which local building masters have used specific techniques, know-how, and skills encapsulating cultural values that have survived in local building traditions. The knowledge and practices of building masters and local communities that have continued through the building tradition in rural settlements constitute a significant aspect of intangible
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Improving The Urban Qualities Of Historic Streets in Jeddah The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-01-23 Samaa Badawi, Alshimaa Aboelmakarem Farag
ABSTRACT The urban qualities of historic streets enhance the place’s vitality and provide people with a memorable urban experience. However, rapid urbanization has resulted in the loss of distinctive urban characteristics. Conservation processes, meanwhile, have a main role in enhancing urban qualities regarding the community’s experiences. This study aims to investigate how conservation policies and
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Review Issues in Preservation Policy The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2023-01-05 Kate Clark
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 13, No. 4, 2022)
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The Governance Context for Adaptive Heritage Reuse: A Review and Typology of Fifteen European Countries The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-12-28 Dóra Mérai, Loes Veldpaus, John Pendlebury, Markus Kip
ABSTRACT Recent years have seen growing international interest in the practice of ‘adaptive reuse’ of heritage buildings, promoted as a financially more viable and environmentally sustainable way to achieve both regeneration and conservation. In parallel, adaptive reuse has emerged as an aim in national policy frameworks and EU governance. Much of the writing on adaptive reuse reflects its nature as
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Wonderful Things: Managing Value in a Changing World The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-12-15 Michael Dawson
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 13, No. 4, 2022)
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Value as a Legal Tool for the Preservation of Monuments in Flanders and Wallonia: Between Conservation and Adaptation The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-11-29 Nadin Augustiniok, Bie Plevoets, Claudine Houbart, Koenraad van Cleempoel
ABSTRACT The recognition of our built environment as a cultural asset worthy of protection has stimulated corresponding legislation. In the listing process, heritage value has evolved from being a tool to determine the significance of buildings to becoming a selection criterion in legislation. However, value is open to interpretation, which leads to challenges of transparency, effectiveness, and the
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Cultural Heritage, Sustainability, Conservation, and Social Welfare. A Management Plan for the Historic Municipal Buildings of Seville (Andalusia, Spain) The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-11-28 Francisco M. Hidalgo-Sánchez, María F. Carrascal-Pérez, Julia Rey Pérez, Carlos Plaza, Emilio J. Mascort-Albea
ABSTRACT Significant international forums and programmes, particularly the 2016 United Nations Conference Habitat III and the Horizon Europe, emphasise the need to address heritage management planning in cities from a comprehensive and inclusive perspective in balance with environmental issues. Accordingly, this research develops cross-cutting, alternative, and sustainable strategies for the design
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Heritage Exclusivism in Postcolonial Algeria: Assessing Local Heritageness in Annaba, Towards a Holistic and Participatory Approach to Urban Heritage Management The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-11-27 Hocine Aouchal, Khedidja Boufenara, Giulio Verdini
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on urban heritage meanings, values, and management challenges in postcolonial Algeria, and particularly on the question of exclusivism of non-traditional urban places in heritage discourse. In the process of reconstruction of homogenous national postcolonial cultural identities, local heritage views and perspectives are often ignored. This paper suggests looking simultaneously
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Appleby New Fair: Investigating Local Attitudes Towards a Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (GRT) Heritage Tradition in the Context of Legislative Change The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-11-16 Jennifer Toyn, John Schofield
ABSTRACT Appleby New Fair has been a significant event in the Gyspy, Roma and Traveller (GRT) calendar for over 100 years. Because of the Fair, the town of Appleby in Cumbria (England) has become a “mecca”, ‘sacred’ to GRT communities. Yet new legislation has put the Fair’s future in doubt, making it illegal to ‘reside or intend to reside on land without the permission of the owner or occupier’. This
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‘There Is Nothing Permanent except Change.’ – From Fire to Urban Development, from Kazakhstan to Ottawa, Confronting Change in the Historic Environment The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-11-08 Michael Dawson
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 13, No. 3, 2022)
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Incompatible: Modern Built Heritage Conservation versus Value-Based Addition Design at Canada’s Capital Historic Sites The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-22 Hilary Grant
ABSTRACT Heritage conservation’s modernist underpinnings limit engagement with heritage value, resulting in incompatible additions to historic places. A good example is the controversy surrounding the proposed addition to the Château Laurier National Historic Site in Ottawa, Canada, designed by Peter Clewes and approved by the City of Ottawa in February 2021. The addition’s defenders used the Standards
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Fire prevention in historic buildings – approaches for safe practice The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-07-07 Simon Kincaid
ABSTRACT There is a continual loss of irreplaceable built heritage as a result of fire and statistics indicate that the numbers are significant and sustained. Fire prevention suggests itself as the best solution to the problem: if there is no outbreak of fire in the first instance, there are no consequent losses. Taking as a starting point recent statistics, which provide insight as to the causes of
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Adaptation and Re-Use: Energy, Communication and Regeneration The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-06-08 Michael Dawson
Published in The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (Vol. 13, No. 2, 2022)
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Periodic Reporting under the World Heritage Convention: Futures and Possible Responses to Loss The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-05-29 Roha W. Khalaf
ABSTRACT Periodic reporting begins with an information gathering exercise about the application of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention at national and property levels. A State Party fills a questionnaire, consisting of two sections, to complete this exercise. The questionnaire does not deal with loss despite its attention to current and potential negative factors, such as climate change. However,
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Maritime Cultural Heritage and Urbanisation in the Middle East and North Africa The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice (IF 2.3) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 Crystal El Safadi, Nick Ray, Rodrigo Ortiz-Vazquez, Julia Nikolaus, Lucy Blue, Kieran Westley, Georgia Andreou, Colin Breen
ABSTRACT Urbanisation, comprising development, land reclamation and population growth along coastal margins, continues to place significant pressure on the maritime cultural heritage (MCH), particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Thus, there is a growing need for ascertaining the extent of the affected MCH resource and its condition. One such assessment is being undertaken by