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Credibility, Organizational Politics, and Crisis Decision Making Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-24 Don Casler
When and why do foreign policy officials believe that it is important to fight for credibility? Conventional wisdom suggests that policymakers tend to care uniformly about how others perceive them. Yet this logic overlooks substantial variation in how officials prioritize credibility when weighing policy options. I argue that organizational identity affects the dimensions of credibility that policymakers
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Media Attention and Compliance With the European Court of Human Rights Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-16 José M. Reis, Marcel Garz
International courts lack traditional enforcement mechanisms. Scholars theorize that compliance with human rights rulings is therefore often driven by domestic processes, including political mobilization and parliamentary agenda setting. A necessary condition underlying these processes is attention to the rulings which is in part expected to be mediated by media attention. However, these conditions
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The Politics of Delay in Crisis Negotiations Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Haonan Dong
States often intentionally stall crisis negotiations, hoping to build arms or attract allies to achieve a more favorable bargaining position. Why do their adversaries tolerate delay in some cases, but attack upon delay in others? I argue that this is because states cannot perfectly distinguish between intentional and unavoidable delays. This presents a strategic tension: a state prefers to attack preventively
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In the Army We Trust: Public Confidence in Global South Militaries Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Nicholas J. Lotito, Renanah Miles Joyce
This article explores the phenomenon of high levels of public trust in the military across the Global South. We extend arguments from the US civil-military relations literature to a broader context and generate testable hypotheses to explain trust in the armed forces driven by the military’s performance and professionalism, and the public’s patriotism and partisanship. Using public opinion survey data
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Returning Veterans’ Attitudes Toward Democracy: Evidence From a Survey of Ukraine’s ATO Veterans Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-13 Konstantin Ash, Miroslav Shapovalov
How is service history associated with returning veterans' attitudes about democracy? Existing research predicts pro-government militia veterans have less support for democracy because of political efficacy gained from service and divergent policy preferences from the general population. We test that theory in Ukraine through surveys of both returning veterans and the general population between 2019
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Insurgent Conscription for Capacity and Control: State Violence and Coerced Recruitment in Civil War Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-12 Emily Myers
Though previous research has recognized that armed groups do not always recruit fighters on a voluntary basis, varieties and determinants of insurgent forced recruitment are still poorly understood. What drives armed groups to employ certain methods of coercive recruitment? This article conceptualizes and studies a particular form of coerced recruitment—insurgent conscription—whereby rebel groups rely
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From Politicization to Vigilance: The Post-war Legacies of Wartime Victimization Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-05 Shelley X. Liu
Following regime change, how does wartime victimization shape political attitudes and participation in the long run? I argue that it increases post-war political vigilance: greater sensitivity to illiberal politics and poor governance, but with dampened effects on participation under authoritarianism due to greater fear of harm. I examine Protected Villages (PVs) in the Zimbabwe Liberation War (1972–1979)
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Understanding the Impact of Military Service on Support for Insurrection in the United States Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-02 Robert A. Pape, Keven G. Ruby, Kyle D. Larson, Kentaro Nakamura
Why do some individuals with military experience support the insurrection of January 6? With US military veterans playing a central role in the assault on the US Capitol, answering this question is of immediate scholarly and policy concern. To better understand the impact of military service, we conducted the first nationally representative survey of support for pro-Trump anti-democratic violence (“insurrectionist
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From Cooptation to Violence: Managing Competitive Authoritarian Elections Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-08-02 Ahmed Ezzeldin Mohamed
Autocratic elections are often marred with systematic intimidation and violence towards voters and candidates. When do authoritarian regimes resort to violent electoral strategies? I argue that electoral violence acts as a risk-management strategy in competitive authoritarian elections where: (a) the regime’s prospects for coopting local elites, competitors, and voters are weak, and (b) the expected
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What it Takes to Return: UN Peacekeeping and the Safe Return of Displaced People Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 Vincenzo Bove, Jessica Di Salvatore, Leandro Elia
We investigate the impact of UN peacekeeping on voluntary returns and negative attitudes towards displaced persons. We posit that peacekeeping missions can have beneficial effects by improving security and alleviating the socio-economic burden imposed by new arrivals on receiving communities. Focusing on the critical case of South Sudan, we combine information on peacekeepers' subnational deployment
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Can a Sense of Shared War Experience Increase Refugee Acceptance? Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-21 Ji Yeon Hong, Cecilia Hyunjung Mo, Christopher Paik
How can one increase openness towards conflict refugees in states that have experienced conflict? While highlighting shared war experience may reduce hostility toward refugees by enabling people to better understand the plight of refugees, it may also foment higher levels of out-group antipathy due to heightened feelings of threat. To answer this question, we leverage the context of South Korea, a
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Social Cohesion, Economic Security, and Forced displacement in the Long-run: Evidence From Rural Colombia Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-29 Juan F. Tellez, Laia Balcells
Millions of people around the world are internally displaced. And yet – compared to other forms of wartime victimization – scholars know relatively little about the long-run consequences of displacement for victims. This gap in the literature is problematic since displacement is distinct from other forms of victimization, and because IDPs face unique challenges in post-conflict transitions. This study
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Cohesion Among Whom? Stayees, Displaced, and Returnees in Conflict Contexts Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Sarah Langlotz, Paul Michel, Philip Verwimp, Patricia Justino, Tilman Brück
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The Legacies of Armed Conflict: Insights From Stayees and Returning Forced Migrants Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-23 Isabel Ruiz, Carlos Vargas-Silva
How does conflict, displacement, and return shape trust, reconciliation, and community engagement? And what is the relative impact of exposure to violence on these indicators? In this paper we explore these questions by focusing on the legacies of armed conflict and the differences between those who stayed in their communities of origin during the conflict (stayees) and those who were displaced internally
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Violent Crime and the Long Shadow of Immigration Enforcement Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-16 Christian Ambrosius
This research highlights a neglected paradox of migration policies: whereas narratives on migrants as a security threat in their countries of destination find little support in empirical studies, forcing migrants to return may increase violence and crime back home. Using migrants’ exposure to deportation threats at destination as an exogenous source of identification, this paper traces the long shadow
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Land Reform Versus Repression in Counterinsurgency: Evidence From El Salvador Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 T. David Mason, Jesse Hamner, Amalia Pulido, Mustafa Kirisci, Frank M. Howell
Land reform has been employed as a component of counterinsurgency strategies to inoculate peasants against rebel appeals by giving peasants their own land. However, the remedial effects of land reform can be undermined by right wing violence and rebel violence intended to subvert land reform implementation. We used municipio level data on land reform and election results from El Salvador to test propositions
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Right-Wing Populist Leaders, Nationalist Rhetoric, and Dispute Initiation in International Politics Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Minnie M. Joo, Brandon Bolte, Nguyen Huynh, Vineeta Yadav, Bumba Mukherjee
The global rise of right-wing populist (RWP) leaders has raised concerns about the threat they pose to a cooperative international order, but there is little systematic evidence linking RWP leaders to military aggression. Are RWP leaders more prone to initiating international disputes? If so, when and why? We argue that a RWP leader’s hyper-nationalist rhetoric can galvanize popular support for militant
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A Threat to Cohesion: Intragroup Affective Polarization in the Context of Intractable Intergroup Conflict Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Tal Orian Harel, Nimrod Nir, Daan Vandermeulen, Ifat Maoz, Eran Halperin
Growing affective polarization, or animosity between competing ideological groups, threatens to tear apart democratic societies worldwide. In nations that are facing external conflicts, the threat arising from these conflicts may boost internal cohesion and potentially reduce the internal threat of fragmentation. However, in the current study, we analyze survey datasets from two societies embedded
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Traditional Authorities, Norm Collisions, and Communal Conflict Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Clara Neupert-Wentz
I examine the effect of the policing capacity of traditional authorities (TAs) on communal conflict. TAs of ethnic groups use distinct customary laws and dispute-resolution mechanisms. Their coexistence with national norms and those of other TAs results in parallel legal systems. I argue that this generates uncertainties about norms and vertical and horizontal jurisdictional conflict, which increases
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Measuring Arms: Introducing the Global Military Spending Dataset Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Miriam Barnum, Christopher J. Fariss, Jonathan N. Markowitz, Gaea Morales
Military spending data measure key international relations concepts such as balancing, arms races, the distribution of power, and the severity of military burdens. Unfortunately, missing values and measurement error threaten the validity of existing findings. Addressing this challenge, we introduce the Global Military Spending Dataset (GMSD). GMSD collates new and existing expenditure variables from
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Pathways to Cooperation: A Relational Theory of Rebel Alliance Formation Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Sedef A. Topal
Why do some rebel organizations form a united front when others confine themselves to a loose partnership? Existing research on rebel movements reveals that insurgents should quickly leave cooperative agreements if doing so will provide particular advantages in a post-conflict setting. Still, rebel groups may build diverse alliances, from joint attacks to shared command structures. If rebels are indeed
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Diplomatic Statements and the Strategic Use of Terrorism in Civil Wars Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Gabriella Levy, Rebecca Dudley, Chong Chen, David A. Siegel
How does third-party diplomatic and material support affect rebel groups’ use of terrorism in civil wars? We argue via a game-theoretic model that diplomatic support prompts prospective shifts in rebel tactics, from civilian to military targets, in anticipation of material support, while material support alters the cost structure of attacks, leading to the same tactical shift. We empirically test the
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War on Aisle 5: Casualties, National Identity, and Consumer Behavior Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Benjamin Helms, Sonal S. Pandya, Rajkumar Venkatesan
A growing body of research argues that external threats from the international system strengthen ethnocentrism and authoritarianism, personal values anchored in national identity. We evaluate a necessary implication of this argument, that these shifting values drive change in broader social behaviors. Our focus is revealed value change in a non-political setting: American consumers’ choice of supermarket
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“Right-Peopling” the State: Nationalism, Historical Legacies, and Ethnic Cleansing in Europe, 1886-2020 Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Carl Müller-Crepon, Guy Schvitz, Lars-Erik Cederman
Many European nation-states were historically homogenized through violent ethnic cleansing. Despite its historical importance, we lack systematic evidence of the conditions under which groups where targeted with cleansing and how it impacted states’ ethnic demography. Rising nationalism in the nineteenth century threatened multi-ethnic states with “right-sizing” through secessionism and irredentism
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The Interwar Period International Trade in Arms: A New Dataset Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Marius Mehrl, Paul W. Thurner
International weapons transfers send military capabilities, make arms production economically feasible, and construct security relations. They influence buyers’ and sellers’ foreign policies, domestic politics, and military spending behavior. However, data availability has limited their study to the bipolar Cold War and unipolar post-Cold War periods. We thus introduce the Interwar Period International
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The Militarized Interstate Confrontation Dataset, 1816-2014 Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-05 Douglas M. Gibler, Steven V. Miller
We use this article to introduce the Militarized Interstate Confrontation (MIC) dataset, 1816-2014—a new dataset for international conflict with a host of innovative features. The MIC data corrects...
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Do Proxies Provide Plausible Deniability? Evidence From Experiments on Three Surveys Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-05 Scott Williamson
A purported advantage of secrecy in international politics is its ability to reduce pressures for conflict escalation by obscuring responsibility for hostile actions. Delegating these actions to pr...
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Natural Experiments of the Rally 'Round the Flag Effects Using Worldwide Surveys Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-23 TaeJun Seo, Yusaku Horiuchi
The “rally 'round the flag” effect—a short-term boost in a political leader’s popularity during an interstate political dispute—was first proposed by Mueller (1970) more than half a century ago. Ho...
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Transatlantic Shakedown: Presidential Shaming and NATO Burden Sharing Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-21 Jordan Becker, Sarah E Kreps, Paul Poast, Rochelle Terman
Does “shaming” work in NATO? More precisely, does publicly using negative language criticizing allies’ defense spending improve burden-sharing, or is it counterproductive, leading to lower spending...
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The Long-Term Economic Legacies of Rebel Rule in Civil War: Micro Evidence From Colombia Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-20 Ana María Ibáñez, Ana Arjona, Julián Arteaga, Juan C. Cárdenas, Patricia Justino
A growing literature has documented widespread variation in the extent to which insurgents provide public goods, collect taxes, and regulate civilian conduct. This paper offers what is, to our know...
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The Shadow of Deterrence: Why Capable Actors Engage in Contests Short of War Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-20 J. Andrés Gannon, Erik Gartzke, Jon R. Lindsay, Peter Schram
Defense policy makers have become increasingly concerned about conflict in the “gray zone” between peace and war. Such conflicts are often interpreted as cases of deterrence failures, as new techno...
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Rebel Leader Age and the Outcomes of Civil Wars Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Daniel Silverman, Benjamin Acosta, Reyko Huang
What determines the outcomes of civil wars? Existing literature highlights numerous factors at the systemic, state, and organizational levels of analysis. Yet there is little research on the attrib...
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Gentrification and Social Unrest: The Blitz, Urban Change and the 2011 London Riots Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Gabriel Leon-Ablan, Juta Kawalerowicz
Many of the world’s major cities have recently seen large episodes of social unrest. What is the relationship between the changes these cities have experienced, particularly in the form of gentrifi...
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Exploiting Ultimatum Power When Responders Are Better Informed − Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Conflict Resolution Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Werner Güth, Francesca Marazzi, Luca Panaccione
In dyadic ultimatum bargaining proposers, who are privately informed about the pie size, can exploit their “moral wiggle room” by engaging in unfairness which is unobservable by responders. Our set...
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Militant Splinter Groups and the Use of Violence Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-08 Kaitlyn Robinson, Iris Malone
Existing research portrays militant splinter groups as more violent than their parent organizations due to factors like more extreme preferences or capacity-building needs. Though widely held, the ...
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Egoism and Altruism in Intergroup Conflict Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 Simon Varaine, Raul Magni-Berton, Ismaël Benslimane, Paolo Crosetto
Studies have shown that intergroup conflict may result from two distinct human motives: the desire to obtain personal retributions from conflict (egoism), and the desire to sacrifice for the benefi...
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Beyond Ransom and Political Concessions? Explaining Changes in Insurgents’ Kidnapping Involvement Versus Event-frequency Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 Lu Liu, Manuel Eisner
Kidnapping is a common tactic used by insurgent groups. However, why insurgents commit kidnappings remains insufficiently understood. Based on 1,386 group-year observations of 140 insurgents betwee...
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The Determinants of Terrorist Listing Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-27 Chia-yi Lee, Yasutaka Tominaga
Terrorist designation has increasingly become an important counterterrorism tool used by intergovernmental organizations and state governments. This article examines the determinants of terrorist l...
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Choosing Where to Fight: Do Social Networks Distinguish American ISIS Foreign Fighters from ISIS-Inspired Terrorists? Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-26 Michael A. Jensen, Neil Ferguson, Sheehan Kane, Gary LaFree
Why did some American citizens choose to travel to fight in Syria and Iraq rather than engage in Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)-inspired terrorism in the United States? We conducted a socia...
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Named and Shamed: International Advocacy and Public Support for Repressive Leaders Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-24 Kelly Morrison
Do international naming and shaming campaigns reduce public support for repressive leaders? International advocacy can provide domestic audiences with new information about human rights abuses and ...
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Muddying the Waters: The Anatomy of Resistance Campaigns and the Failure of Ceasefires in Civil Wars Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Jessica Maves Braithwaite, Charles Butcher
Ceasefires are a critical tool for those engaged in conflict management during civil wars, yet little scholarship exists that systematically assesses the durability of these arrangements. We argue ...
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Fighting in Cyberspace: Internet Access and the Substitutability of Cyber and Military Operations Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 Nadiya Kostyuk, Erik Gartzke
Pundits debate whether conflict in cyberspace is more likely to trigger or preempt conflict in other domains. We consider a third possibility. Rather than directly complementing or substituting for...
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A Room Full of ‘Views’: Introducing a New Dataset to Explore Compliance with the Decisions of the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies’ Individual Complaints Procedures Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Andreas J. Ullmann, Andreas von Staden
Quantitative research into the effectiveness of the UN human rights treaty bodies (UNTBs) in eliciting remedial responses from states is impeded by a lack of usable data on how states respond to th...
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What is in a Mandate? Introducing the UN Peace Mission Mandates Dataset Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 Sara Hellmüller, Xiang-Yun Rosalind Tan, Corinne Bara
UN peace missions are constantly evolving. Yet, we lack a detailed understanding of the shifting types and objectives of peace missions beyond broad categorizations that distinguish for instance be...
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The Long-run Impact of Childhood Wartime Violence on Preferences for Nuclear Proliferation Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 James D. Kim
How do childhood experiences of wartime violence affect individuals’ preferences for nuclear proliferation? This paper argues that individuals who experienced severe war violence during childhood a...
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Electoral Integrity, the Concession of Power, and the Disciplining Role of Protests Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-24 Chanelle Duley, Prasanna Gai
Coordination on mass protest plays an important disciplining role in ensuring compliance with electoral rules, with elections serving as a public signal of the incumbent’s popularity. But the link ...
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Symbolic Conflict Resolution and Ingroup Favoritism Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-12 Sergi Martínez, Vicente Valentim, Elias Dinas
What are the domestic consequences of symbolic conflict resolution? We isolate the effect of symbolic conflict by looking into a dispute with no material stakes (for one side), but high symbolic on...
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Global Governance From Below: Regional Sanctions as Drivers of UN Sanctions Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-09 Inken von Borzyskowski, Clara Portela
The imposition of sanctions by the UN Security Council (UNSC) is notoriously selective. Many crises have qualified for UNSC sanctions by endangering peace and security, yet the UN has imposed sanct...
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Arctic Shock: Utilizing Climate Change to Test a Theory of Resource Competition Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-08 Jonathan N. Markowitz
Why do some states project military force to seek control of resources, while others do not? Conventional wisdom asserts that resource-scarce states should have the strongest interest in securing c...
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Contributing to Peace Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-06 Gautam Bose
Contest theory analyses an anarchic economy where agents use resources for consumption or acquisitive conflict, and explores conditions under which peace or conflict prevail in equilibrium. History...
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UN Security Council Elections as an Incentive for Compliance Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-06 Johann Caro-Burnett, Eric Weese
Standard economic theory would predict that costly demands placed by the United Nations on its members should be rewarded. Similarly, when rewards are not attractive enough, countries are not expec...
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Excessive Force or Armored Restraint? Government Mechanization and Civilian Casualties in Civil Conflict Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-03 Ryan Van Wie, Jacob Walden
Does increasing counterinsurgent mechanization result in higher levels of unintentional civilian casualties? Existing research on unintentional civilian victimization in recent conflicts has focuse...
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Sanctions-Busting, Material Power, and Institutional Support for Economic Sanctions Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-02 Jin Mun Jeong
International institutions play a key role in sanctions success. However, little is known about when senders mobilize institutional sanctions and how they induce international institutions to suppo...
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Tolerant Solidarity With Violent Protesters: Evidence From a Survey Experiment Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Samson Yuen
Conventional wisdom holds that violent protests alienate the public. But violence could also create tactical disagreement among protesters and weaken their unity. So, to what extent does protesters...
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Responding to Uncertainty: The Importance of Covertness in Support for Retaliation to Cyber and Kinetic Attacks Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Kathryn Hedgecock, Lauren Sukin
This paper investigates the escalation dynamics of cyber attacks. Two main theories have been advanced. First, “means-based” theory argues attack type determines response; cyber attacks are less li...
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Recruiting Rebels: Introducing the Rebel Appeals and Incentives Dataset Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Michael J. Soules
There is an extensive body of literature examining how rebel groups recruit civilians. Much of this scholarly work focuses on the role of material and ideological appeals in mobilizing recruits. Ho...
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Inclusion, Recognition, and Inter-Group Comparisons: The Effects of Power-Sharing Institutions on Grievances Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-28 Andreas Juon
Extant evidence suggests that power-sharing reduces the participation of minorities in civil conflict by alleviating their grievances. Yet, it remains unclear how and to what degree power-sharing s...
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The Double-Edged Sword of Foreign Direct Investment on Domestic Terrorism Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Glen Biglaiser, Lance Y Hunter, Ronald J McGauvran
This paper studies the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic terrorism. Using a cross-national, time-series analysis of 114 countries from 1991–2017, and employing structural equat...
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Local Ceasefires and De-escalation: Evidence From the Syrian Civil War Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-09 Magnus Lundgren, Isak Svensson, Dogukan Cansin Karakus
Local ceasefire agreements are prevalent in modern civil wars, but we know little about their impact. This study analyzes geo-referenced data on 145 local ceasefire agreements declared during the S...
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Dis-Embedded Identity of Majority Members: The Case of Catholics in Poland Journal of Conflict Resolution (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-09 Julian Paffrath, Bernd Simon
In this article, we focus on the process of dis-embedded identification (the accentuation and prioritization of the identification with a particular subordinate ingroup relative to the identificati...