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UN peacekeeping upon deployment: Peacekeeping activities in theory and practice Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Sabine Otto, Felix Kube, Hannah Smidt
United Nations peacekeeping operations (UNPKO) have been deployed in conflict-affected countries for decades. While we thoroughly understand what UNPKOs are mandated to do, there is little research on what activities peacekeepers actually do upon deployment in their host countries and in which sequence, if any. To address this gap, we formulate descriptive hypotheses about the number of implemented
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Climate institutions matter: The challenges of making gender-sensitive and inclusive climate policies Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Gunnhildur Lily Magnusdottir, Annica Kronsell
Climate institutions such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), with its expert panel the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the European Union, as well as national and local authorities in various sectors (such as transport, industry, energy, and agriculture), play a central role in developing and enacting climate strategies. Climate institutions
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Imaging welcome culture: Visual border politics and Holocaust postmemory during Germany’s long summer of migration Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Laura Holderied
This article contributes to debates on visuality in international politics by focusing on how images come to matter in the context of migration and border politics. It examines how political actors mobilized photographic images during Germany’s so-called “refugee crisis” 2015 and how the mobilization of images influenced bordering practices. The article suggests understanding visual (border) politics
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Wager upon wager: Assessing Iver B. Neumann’s contribution to International Relations Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Vincent Pouliot, Ole Jacob Sending
A key player in the Scandinavian rise in the International Relations discipline, Iver B. Neumann has made significant contributions to several research programs, from Russian and European identity politics to practice theory and discourse analysis, through longue durée analyses of governmentality and diplomacy. At the theoretical level, Neumann has borrowed multiple social-theoretical resources that
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Bourdieu the ethnographer: Grounding the habitus of the ‘far-right’ voter Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Emma Mc Cluskey
This article pushes the work of Bourdieu to more ethnographic directions within international social sciences, particularly studies of everyday (in)security. Thematically, it looks at how transform...
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Small states shelter diplomacy: Balancing costs of entrapment and abandonment in the alliance dilemma Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2023-04-07 Rasmus Pedersen
Shelter theory has emerged as a promising but unrealized alternative to existing theories of bandwagon and hiding in the literature. It describes how small states can utilize the structural power o...
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What makes strategic narrative efficient: Ukraine on Russian e-news platforms Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Natalia Chaban, Svitlana Zhabotynska, Michèle Knodt
Contributing to the ‘narrative turn’ in International Relations and offering an answer to the question ‘What makes a strategic narrative efficient?’, this article adds to the methodological theoriz...
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Post-colonial gaslighting and Greenlandic independence: When ontological insecurity sustains hierarchy Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2023-03-29 Emil Sondaj Hansen
This article proposes the concept of ‘post-colonial gaslighting’ to analyse subtle forms of colonialism and domination in international relations and the persistence of hierarchies in the internati...
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The emerging corporate turn in transitional justice Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Line Jespersgaard Jakobsen
This essay reviews recent developments in transitional justice (TJ) scholarship that represent an emerging corporate turn in TJ. TJ has traditionally focused primarily on states and state-like acto...
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Regional international organizations in Africa as recipients of foreign aid: Why are some more attractive to donors than others? Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2023-01-30 Sören Stapel, Diana Panke, Fredrik Söderbaum
Foreign aid to regional international organizations (RIOs) has increased tremendously in recent decades. The vast differences between RIOs give rise to the question of why some RIOs attract conside...
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Resource mobilization in security partnerships: Explaining cooperation and coercion in the EU’s partnership with the African Union Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2023-01-30 Ueli Staeger
Security partnerships between unequal partners walk a fine line between mutually beneficial cooperation and coercion. This article theorizes resource provision in security partnerships in which a f...
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Constitutional inclusion in divided societies: Conceptual choices, practical dilemmas and the contribution of the grassroots in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2023-01-17 Joanne McEvoy, Jennifer Todd
Processes of constitutional discussion increasingly invite widespread popular inclusion and participation. Conceptual and practical problems remain, not least the respects in which inclusion is to ...
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Interlocking peace processes: Between competing and complementing peacemaking efforts in interlocking conflicts Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-12-28 Lior Lehrs
What is the dialectical influence between interlocking peace processes? The scholarship in the field of conflict analysis has identified the occurrence of “interlocking conflicts”—namely, linked co...
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The other side of resistance: Challenges to inclusivity within civil society and the limits of international peace mediation Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-12-04 Jamie Pring
Research on resistance to the inclusion of civil society in peace mediation focuses on armed parties and elites as sites of resistance. Such focus grounds policies that prescribe various strategies...
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Can small states wage proxy wars? A closer look at Lithuania’s military aid to Ukraine Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-09-02 Vytautas Isoda
Proxy wars are an increasingly common feature of great power competition in the 21st century. In this context, the role of the small states is less clear and has not been properly addressed in the ...
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United clubs of Europe: Informal differentiation and the social ordering of intra-EU diplomacy Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-08-19 Kristin Haugevik
This article makes the case for integrating informal, social and minilateral dynamics in analyses of ‘differentiated integration’ in the European Union (EU) context. In EU studies, differentiated i...
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Re-conceptualizing triangular coercion in International Relations Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 Daniel Sobelman
Although coercion literature has traditionally focused on two-actor dyads, coercion in three-actor settings is a prevalent yet understudied strategy in International Relations. Such cases of “trian...
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Societal multiplicity for international relations: Engaging societal interaction in building global governance from below Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Antje Wiener
This article discusses the societal multiplicity proposition as a welcome conceptual proposition for IR. First, it argues that against the background of the discipline’s trajectory and especially A...
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Multiplicity, the corporation and human rights in global value chains Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Christian Scheper
Human rights in global value chains have become a key field of study in international law and corporate governance. The analysis often starts with a gap – a ‘governance gap’ in human rights protect...
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State commitments and inhumane conventional weapons: An explanatory analysis of treaty ratification Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Jan Karlas
In the last 40 years, the international community has made considerable progress towards the regulation of inhumane conventional weapons (ICWs) by adopting treaties that regulate or ban these weapo...
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Logics of Othering: Sweden as Other in the time of COVID-19 Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-07-23 Linus Hagström, Charlotte Wagnsson, Magnus Lundström
‘Othering’ – the view or treatment of another person or group as intrinsically different from and alien to oneself – is a central concept in the International Relations literature on identity const...
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Food, multiplicity and imperialism: Patterns of domination and subversion in the modern international system Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-07-21 Alejandro Colás
This article mobilises the notion of global food regime to explore ways in which modern International Relations are reproduced through distinctive patterns of alimentary domination and subversion. ...
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Political economy of Catholicism: The case of the sacred-market network at World Youth Day in Panama Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-07-15 Petr Kratochvíl
This article explores the everyday political economy of the Catholic World Youth Day in Panama, which was organized in January 2019. The aim is to shed more light on the relationship between the ma...
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Stereotyped images and role dissonance in the foreign policy of right-wing populist leaders: Jair Bolsonaro and Donald Trump Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 Leslie E Wehner
Populist leaders unfold anti-elite rhetoric to sustain the ‘in-group’ morale of the ‘people’ they represent. Populist projects contain an ‘us’ versus ‘them’ dimension constituted by the stereotyped...
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Better not talk? A mixed-methods experimental analysis of avoiding sensitive issues in post-conflict settings Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-07-05 Juan E Ugarriza, Diana C Acuña, Monica A Salazar
Ex-combatants, war victims, and violence-affected community members are typically forced to live together as neighbors in post-conflict settings. Cases all over the world accumulate evidence on the fact that living together after war is a far from a harmonic endeavor, and individuals usually rely on contention mechanisms to keep on with their daily lives while in proximity of former and present-day
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A processual framework for analysing liberal policy interventions in conflict contexts Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Mariam Salehi
The article proposes a heuristic framework based on processual sociology to analyse policy interventions aimed at change within conflict contexts. Such a framework is valuable because it creates an opportunity for a more open approach to empirical research that may allow us to research evolving processes and to see things we might miss otherwise. The article aims to complement goal-oriented and predominantly
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What’s the point of being a discipline? Four disciplinary strategies and the future of International Relations Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 Olaf Corry
While disciplinary identities are among the most fraught subjects in academia, much less attention has been given to what disciplinarity actually entails and what risks different disciplinary strategies involve. This article sets out a theory of disciplinarity that recognises not only their coercive but also their redeeming features, particularly in view of the coexistince of multiple competing disciplines
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Kraftwerk and the international ‘re-birth of Germany’: Multiplicity, identity and difference in music and International Relations Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Benjamin Tallis
Kraftwerk are widely recognised as one of the most important groups in the history of popular music – and for (West) German national identity in the 20th century. They have been labelled as both typically German and thoroughly cosmopolitan, but, rather than being paradoxical (as some have claimed), this tension reveals an under-explored international politics at work. Using the emerging approach of
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Defence cooperation and change: How defence industry integration fostered development of the European security community Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Ondrej Ditrych, Tomas Kucera
This article situates recent initiatives to deepen security and defence cooperation in the European Union in the historical perspective. It proposes a model of constitutive relationship between the process of change in a security community and the formation of a transnational defence industry community of practice which yields positive feedback (‘productive returns’) to the security community as a
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Spatialities of peace zones Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 Nerve V. Macaspac
Peace zones are popularly understood as demilitarized geographic areas. While many peace zones have been documented around the world, scholarly research on the topic is surprisingly sparse. Furthermore, the existing literature focuses toward analyzing the complex social and temporal dynamics of peace zones. There is less work that examines the spatial processes that are mobilized in making the peace
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Introduction: The international of everything Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-06-08 Justin Rosenberg, Benjamin Tallis
This text introduces the Special Issue on Multiplicity. It sets out the broad research programme of Multiplicity, considers some criticisms that have been made of this programme and then summarises the contributions to the Special Issue.
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Of Stag Hunts and secret societies: Cooperation, male coalitions and the origins of multiplicity Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-06-08 Nicholas Lees
In many circumstances where multiple, autonomous actors exist, cooperation is only a viable strategy if other actors also pursue a strategy of cooperation. Such situations can be characterised in terms of the Stag Hunt, based on a parable told by Rousseau. Although traditionally interpreted as a device for understanding how mutually beneficial cooperation can emerge, Harrison Wagner points out that
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The unspoken red-line in Colombia: Gender reordering of women ex-combatants and the transformative peace agenda Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 José A Gutiérrez, Emma Murphy
Academic perspectives on women in conflict have been consistently moving away from the reductionist narrative of victimhood or deviation from gender norms. Yet, this narrative is still predominant in humanitarian discourses, while it is assumed that women’s participation in peacebuilding derives from their natural proclivities. These narratives, we argue, reinforce the gendered patriarchal post-conflict
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Problematizing norms of heritage and peace: Militia mobilization and violence in Iraq Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-05-25 Benjamin Isakhan, Ali Akbar
The destruction of heritage in conflict has emerged as a key challenge to global security and the prospects of peace. In response to the deliberate targeting of heritage sites by the Islamic State (IS) and other actors in recent years, the international community has launched a number of initiatives designed to protect and reconstruct key heritage sites in complex (post-)conflict contexts. However
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Precarious multiplicity: France, ‘foreign fighters’ and the containment of difference Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-05-25 Xavier Mathieu
This article investigates the portrayal by French policy-makers of the so-called Islamic State ‘foreign fighters’. I provide an in-depth analysis of the discursive construction of these ‘foreign fighters’ as different and detached from the (French) Self. I do so through a questioning of the notion of multiplicity, revealing how it exists precariously and the consequences this precariousness has on
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Claims to ignorance as a form of participation in transitional justice Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-05-18 Ivor Sokolić
Transitional justice is premised on participation that allows local publics to construct, critique and have some ownership over the process. The current scholarship assumes that individuals openly express their views of the process, or that they remain silent. The scholarship has neglected a third, significant form of participation: active withholding of views by saying ‘I don’t know’. This article
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Rules of recognition? Explaining diplomatic representation since the Congress of Vienna Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-05-15 Jan Teorell
The aim of this article is to explore the establishment of diplomatic representation as a measure of de facto recognition by other state units and to explain its causes in the “long 19th century” (1817–1914) and the post–World War II (WWII) era (1950–2000). Drawing on the Correlates of War diplomatic exchange data, the article explores the underlying drivers of dyadic acts of recognition in two series
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Unbowed, unbent, unbroken? Examining the validity of the responsibility to protect Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-05-08 Johannes Scherzinger
How has the sentiment around the “responsibility to protect” (R2P) changed over time? Scholars have debated far and wide whether the political norm enjoys widespread discursive acceptance or is on the brink of decline. This article contends that we can use sentiment analysis as an important indicator for norm validity. My analysis provides three crucial insights. First, despite the well-known fear
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Challenging civil society perceptions of NATO: Engaging the Women, Peace and Security agenda Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-04-18 Katharine AM Wright
Engagement with the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda by military actors has caused concern among some of its civil society advocates. For example, NATO has adopted the WPS agenda as an increasingly visible part of its self-narrative. Yet what had distinguished NATO’s engagement with WPS from many other actors is that it came without civil society involvement. The establishment of a Civil Society
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Better together? Civil society coordination during peace negotiations Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-03-10 Nathanael Eschmann, Desirée Nilsson
Extensive research has been conducted in the field of peacebuilding concerning the role of civil society in peace negotiations. However, although research has stressed the importance of coordination among civil society groups, we have limited knowledge concerning the impact civil society coordination can have on the content of a peace agreement. This article addresses this gap by examining how the
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In defence of common values: The Finnish EU Council Presidency 2019 Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-02-25 Hanna Tuominen
Finland promoted a value-based agenda as the President of the European Union (EU) Council in 2019. The focus was especially on the defence of the rule of law principle. A role as a strong value promoter departs from the pragmatic and cautious tradition of Finnish EU policy. In this article, I will ask why Finland chose to promote values, and what kind of political debate preceded its Presidency term
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A better foundation for national security? The ethics of national risk assessments in the Nordic region Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-02-05 Kristoffer Lidén
Aiming at analysing all major security risks to a country, comprehensive National Risk Assessments (NRAs) can be used as a foundation for national security policies. Doing so manifests a modernist dream of securing societies through the anticipatory governance of risks. Yet, this dream resembles a nightmare of undemocratic state control in the name of security. Based on a critique of the politics of
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Trembling city: Policing Freetown’s war-peace transition Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-01-28 Peter Albrecht, Maya Mynster Christensen
While divided cities are characterized by spatially cemented segregation and polarized divisions, the trembling city is organized around transient and transformative borders. We conceptualize this notion of urban space to capture Freetown’s war-peace transition in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Ex-combatants settled on the city margins, bringing with them spatial strategies from war-fighting into
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Who performs better? A comparative analysis of problem-solving effectiveness and legitimacy attributions to international organizations Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2022-01-18 Diana Panke, Gurur Polat, Franziska Hohlstein
The performance of individual international organizations (IOs) has received considerable scholarly attention, not in the least because their importance for global governance. This paper adds to this body of work by adopting genuine comparative lenses. Based on a novel survey, it assesses the attributed performance of 49 IOs over two important dimensions: problem-solving effectiveness and legitimacy
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A trans-scalar approach to peacebuilding and transitional justice: Insights from the Democratic Republic of Congo Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-12-29 Sara Hellmüller
Peace research has taken a local turn. Yet, conceptual ambiguities, risks of romanticization, and critiques of co-option of the “local” point to the need to look for novel ways to think about the interactions of actors ranging from the global to the local level. Gearoid Millar proposes a trans-scalar approach to peace based on a “consistency of purpose” and a “parity of esteem” for actors across scales
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Disinformation and gendered boundarymaking: Nordic media audiences making sense of “Swedish decline” Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-12-09 Emil Edenborg
This article examines how Russian geostrategic communication is entangled in global gender politics. The aim is to understand the resonance of disinformation in relation to culturalized, ethnicized and racialized narratives of gender, or “gendered boundarymaking.” The analysis is based on focus group discussions with Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian individuals, asked to share their impressions of news
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Female rebels and United Nations peacekeeping deployments Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-11-30 Marius Mehrl, Christoph Dworschak
How does the presence of female rebel combatants during conflict influence the likelihood of United Nations post-conflict peacekeeping deployment? While past literature on peacekeeping emphasizes the role of conflict attributes and security council interests, only few studies investigate the importance of belligerent characteristics. We argue that, because dominant gender stereotypes paint women as
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Driving liberal change? Global performance indices as a system of normative stratification in liberal international order Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-11-19 Bahar Rumelili, Ann E. Towns
The existing literature on Global Performance Indices (GPIs) is mostly dominated by unit-level analyses focused on specifying the relevant properties of the GPIs and the motivations of state actors in being influenced by GPIs. This article advances a systemic approach, which conceives of GPIs as collectively constituting a system of normative stratification in International Relations (IR). By bringing
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“This changes things”: Children, targeting, and the making of precision Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-10-22 J Marshall Beier
Avoidance of civilian casualties increasingly affects the political calculus of legitimacy in armed conflict. “Collateral damage” is a problem that can be managed through the material production of precision, but it is also the case that precision is a problem managed through the cultural production of collateral damage. Bearing decisively on popular perceptions of ethical conduct in recourse to political
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Temporality and contextualisation in Peace and Conflict Studies: The forgotten value of war memoirs and personal diaries Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-10-21 Roger Mac Ginty
This article contributes to debates on appropriate levels of analysis, temporality, and the utility of fieldwork in relation to Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS), and International Relations more generally. It observes a recentism or privileging of the recent past in our studies and a consequent overlooking of the longer term. As a corrective, the article investigates the extent to which wartime memoirs
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The pursuit of inclusion: Conditions for civil society inclusion in peace processes in communal conflicts in Kenya Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-10-13 Emma Elfversson, Desirée Nilsson
Why are some peace processes in communal conflicts more inclusive of civil society actors than others? Inclusion of civil society actors, such as churches and religious leaders, women’s organizations, or youth groups, is seen as important for normative reasons, and studies also suggest that civil society inclusion can improve the prospects for durable peace. Yet, we have a very limited understanding
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Contestation and norm change in whale and elephant conservation: Non-use or sustainable use? Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Anton Peez, Lisbeth Zimmermann
Elephants and whales took center stage in the environmental movements of the 1980s. As flagship species, they were the poster children of global initiatives: international ivory trading and commercial whaling were banned in the 1980s in the context of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the International Whaling Commission (IWC), respectively
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Statehood and recognition in world politics: Towards a critical research agenda Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-09-23 Gëzim Visoka
This article offers a critical outlook on existing debates on state recognition and proposes future research directions. It argues that existing knowledge on state recognition and the dominant discourses, norms and practices needs to be problematized and freed from power-driven, conservative, positivist and legal interpretations and reoriented in new directions in order to generate more critical, contextual
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Militarization of childhood(s) in Donbas: ‘Growing together with the Republic’ Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-08-13 Iuliia Hoban
This essay critically examines how the militarization of childhood(s) takes place in the Luhansk and Donetsk People’s Republics. The intensification of hostilities in Eastern Ukraine in mid-2014 has had a profound impact on local populations, particularly children. While no systematic recruitment and participation of children in conflict has been reported, childhood has become what Agathangelou and
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Legacies of war: Syrian narratives of conflict and visions of peace Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 Kathrin Bachleitner
This article is interested in the formation of war legacies and how they interact with social identities. It suggests a bottom-up approach towards examining the societal processes in which individuals create a legacy of war. It posits that through their narratives of conflict, by remembering what happened to them as a group, they mould the meaning and boundaries of how the group will be membered post-conflict
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International emotional resonance: Explaining transatlantic economic sanctions against Russia Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-06-24 Philippe Beauregard
Why did transatlantic policymakers target Russia with economic sanctions in response to its actions during the Ukraine conflict? Commentators perceived these sanctions as highly unlikely because they would have high costs for several European countries, and were surprised when they were finally adopted. Constructivist scholars employed explanations based on common norms and trust to explain the European
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Corrigendum: Delivering output and struggling for change: Tacit activism among professional transitional justice work in Sierra Leone and Kenya Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-04-20
Menzel, A. (2021) Delivering output and struggling for change: Tacit activism among professional transitional justice work in Sierra Leone and Kenya, Cooperation and Conflict. doi: 10.1177/00108367211000800
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Whither European diplomacy? Long-term trends and the impact of the Lisbon Treaty Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 Federica Bicchi, Daniel Schade
The article analyses the evolution of European diplomacy over two decades, to assess the impact of the European External Action Service (EEAS) creation alongside consecutive waves of enlargement. Data is drawn from two original datasets about European Union (EU) member states’ diplomatic representations within the EU and across the globe. It shows that member states have maintained and strengthened
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Gendering the military past: Understanding heritage and security from a feminist perspective Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-04-09 Cecilia Åse, Maria Wendt
This article showcases how a feminist perspective provides novel insights into the relations between military heritage/history and national security politics. We argue that analysing how gender and sexualities operate at military heritage sites reveals how these operations dis/encourage particular understandings of security and limit the range of acceptable national protection policies. Two recent
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Reciprocal institutional visibility: Youth, peace and security and ‘inclusive’ agendas at the United Nations Cooperation and Conflict (IF 2.31) Pub Date : 2021-04-06 Helen Berents, Caitlin Mollica
Within the architecture of the United Nations (UN), formal recognition of the contributions of historically marginalised individuals and communities to peacebuilding denotes a positive shift in rhetoric and practice. Alongside broader institutional moves towards ‘sustaining peace’; the emergence of a ‘Youth, Peace and Security’ agenda since 2015 formalises attention to youth as positive contributors