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The Role of Personality in COVID-19-Related Perceptions, Evaluations, and Behaviors: Findings Across Five Samples, Nine Traits, and 17 Criteria Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 Ingo Zettler, Christoph Schild, Lau Lilleholt, Lara Kroencke, Till Utesch, Morten Moshagen, Robert Böhm, Mitja D. Back, Katharina Geukes
Individuals and institutions around the world have been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we investigate the role of basic (Big Five and HEXACO) and specific (Dark Factor of Personality, Narcissistic Rivalry, and Narcissistic Admiration) personality traits for 17 criteria related to COVID-19, grouped into (i) personal perceptions in terms of risks and worries about the disease
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Depressive Symptoms, External Stress, and Marital Adjustment: The Buffering Effect of Partner’s Responsive Behavior Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-25 Paula R. Pietromonaco, Nickola C. Overall, Sally I. Powers
Guided by theory emphasizing that partner responsiveness underlies well-functioning romantic relationships, we examined whether partners’ responsive behavior buffered the degree to which a personal vulnerability (depressive symptoms) and external stress predicted declines in relationship adjustment. Using an existing data set, we tested whether individuals’ depressive symptoms and stress interacted
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A Psychological Network Approach to Attitudes and Preventive Behaviors During Pandemics: A COVID-19 Study in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-23 Monique Chambon, Jonas Dalege, Janneke E. Elberse, Frenk van Harreveld
Preventive behaviors are crucial to prevent the spread of the coronavirus causing COVID-19. We adopted a complex psychological systems approach to obtain a descriptive account of the network of attitudes and behaviors related to COVID-19. A survey study (N = 1,022) was conducted with subsamples from the United Kingdom (n = 502) and the Netherlands (n = 520). The results highlight the importance of
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Conspiracy Theories and Their Societal Effects During the COVID-19 Pandemic Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 Lotte Pummerer, Robert Böhm, Lau Lilleholt, Kevin Winter, Ingo Zettler, Kai Sassenberg
During COVID-19, conspiracy theories were intensely discussed in the media. Generally, both believing in conspiracy theories (i.e., explanations for events based on powerholders’ secret arrangements) and being confronted with a conspiracy theory have been found to predict cognition and behavior with negative societal effects, such as low institutional trust. Accordingly, believing in conspiracy theories
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Following Your Group or Your Morals? The In-Group Promotes Immoral Behavior While the Out-Group Buffers Against It Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 Marc-Lluís Vives, Mina Cikara, Oriel FeldmanHall
People learn by observing others, albeit not uniformly. Witnessing an immoral behavior causes observers to commit immoral actions, especially when the perpetrator is part of the in-group. Does conformist behavior hold when observing the out-group? We conducted three experiments (N = 1,358) exploring how observing an (im)moral in-/out-group member changed decisions relating to justice: punitive, selfish
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The Role of Personality in Shaping Pandemic Response: Systemic Sociopolitical Factors Drive Country Differences Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 Meghan Siritzky, David Condon, Sara Weston
The current study utilizes the current COVID-19 pandemic to highlight the importance of accounting for the influence of external political and economic factors in personality public health research. We investigated the extent to which systemic factors modify the relationship between personality and pandemic response. Results shed doubt on the cross-cultural generalizability of common Big Five factor
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Social Class—Not Income Inequality—Predicts Social and Institutional Trust Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 Youngju Kim, Nicolas Sommet, Jinkyung Na, Dario Spini
Trust is the social glue that holds society together. The academic consensus is that trust is weaker among lower-class individuals and in unequal regions/countries, which is often considered a threat to a healthy society. However, existing studies are inconsistent and have two limitations: (i) variability in the measurement of social class and (ii) small numbers of higher level units (regions/countries)
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Swinging for the Fences Versus Advancing the Runner: Culture, Motivation, and Strategic Decision Making Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 Roxie Chuang, Keiko Ishii, Heejung S. Kim, David K. Sherman
This research investigated cross-cultural differences in strategic risky decisions in baseball—among professional baseball teams in North America and Japan (Study 1) and among baseball fans in the United States and Japan (Study 2—preregistered). Study 1 analyzed archival data from professional baseball leagues and demonstrated that outcomes reflecting high risk-high payoff strategies were more prevalent
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The Role of Coping Strategies in Maintaining Well-Being During the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-11 Joo Hyun Kim, Yerin Shim, Incheol Choi, Eunsoo Choi
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose an unprecedented challenge for the world as people strive to cope with this significant threat to their well-being. This intensive longitudinal study of the first 94 days of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea (Phase 1: initial outbreak, Phase 2: intense social distancing) examined individuals’ changes in well-being, in relation to their use of coping strategies
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The Role of Risk Preferences in Responses to Messaging About COVID-19 Vaccine Take-Up Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-11 Jennifer S. Trueblood, Abigail B. Sussman, Daniel O’Leary
Development of an effective COVID-19 vaccine is widely considered as one of the best paths to ending the current health crisis. While the ability to distribute a vaccine in the short-term remains uncertain, the availability of a vaccine alone will not be sufficient to stop disease spread. Instead, policy makers will need to overcome the additional hurdle of rapid widespread adoption. In a large-scale
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The Construct of Subjective Economic Inequality Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Anita Schmalor, Steven J. Heine
Economic inequality has been associated with a host of social ills, but most research has focused on objective measures of inequality. We argue that economic inequality also has a subjective component, and understanding the effects of economic inequality will be deepened by considering the ways that people perceive inequality. In an American sample (N = 1,014), we find that some of the key variables
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The Origins of Religious Disbelief: A Dual Inheritance Approach Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Will M. Gervais, Maxine B. Najle, Nava Caluori
Widespread religious disbelief represents a key testing ground for theories of religion. We evaluated the predictions of three prominent theoretical approaches—secularization, cognitive byproduct, and dual inheritance—in a nationally representative (United States, N = 1,417) data set with preregistered analyses and found considerable support for the dual inheritance perspective. Of key predictors of
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How Power Affects Emotional Communication During Relationship Conflicts: The Role of Perceived Partner Responsiveness Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 María Alonso-Ferres, Francesca Righetti, Inmaculada Valor-Segura, Francisca Expósito
Prior research indicated that lack of power leads to emotional suppression and low emotional expression during conflicts among strangers. However, little is known about how power affects emotional inhibition in close relationships, where partners are highly interdependent, and achieving one’s goals greatly depends on their partner’s cooperation. In three studies among romantic couples (total N = 994)
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The Experience of Situations Before and During a COVID-19 Shelter-at-Home Period Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 David C. Funder, Daniel I. Lee, Erica Baranski, Gwendolyn Gardiner
Undergraduate participants described their experience of an ordinary situation before (N = 544) and during (N = 123) a COVID-19 shelter-at-home period using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). They also rated the experience’s positivity and completed a Big Five Personality Inventory. RSQ items placed higher before the sheltering period included “new relationships could develop,” “femininity can
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Urban–Rural Residential Mobility Associated With Political Party Affiliation: The U.S. National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth and Young Adults Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Markus Jokela
The current study used longitudinal panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79; n = 7,064) and National Longitudinal Survey of Young Adults (NLSY-YA; n = 2,985) to examine whether political party affiliation was related to residential mobility between rural regions, urban regions, and major cities in the United States. Over a follow-up of 4–6 years, stronger Republican affiliation
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“We Shall Overcome”: First-Person Plural Pronouns From Search Volume Data Predict Protest Mobilization Across the United States Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Jais Adam-Troian, Eric Bonetto, Thomas Arciszewski
Collective action is a key driver of social and political change within societies. So far, the main factor mobilizing individuals into collective action remains the extent to which they feel identified with a protesting group (i.e., social identification). Although the link between social identification and collective action is well-established, current evidence relies mostly on self-report data. To
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Updating Long-Held Assumptions About Fat Stigma: For Women, Body Shape Plays a Critical Role Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Jaimie Arona Krems, Steven L. Neuberg
Heavier bodies—particularly female bodies—are stigmatized. Such fat stigma is pervasive, painful to experience, and may even facilitate weight gain, thereby perpetuating the weight-stigma cycle. Leveraging research on functionally distinct forms of fat (deposited on different parts of the body), we propose that body shape plays an important but largely underappreciated role in fat stigma, above and
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Partners’ Attachment Insecurity and Stress Predict Poorer Relationship Functioning During COVID-19 Quarantines Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Nickola C. Overall, Valerie T. Chang, Paula R. Pietromonaco, Rachel S. T. Low, Annette M. E. Henderson
The COVID-19 pandemic presents acute, ongoing relationship challenges. The current research tested how (1) preexisting vulnerabilities assessed prior to the pandemic (attachment insecurity) and (2) stress as couples endured a mandated quarantine predicted residual changes in relationship functioning. Controlling for prequarantine problems, relationship quality, and family environment, greater partners’
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Dictators Differ From Democratically Elected Leaders in Facial Warmth Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 Miranda Giacomin, Alexander Mulligan, Nicholas O. Rule
Despite the many important considerations relevant to selecting a leader, facial appearance carries surprising sway. Following numerous studies documenting the role of facial appearance in government elections, we investigated differences in perceptions of dictators versus democratically elected leaders. Participants in Study 1 successfully classified pictures of 160 world leaders as democrats or dictators
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Cultural–Ecological Moderation of Physical Attractiveness Bias: Attractiveness-Based Discrimination or Discrimination of Attractiveness? Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Juwon Lee, Glenn Adams
The cultural–ecological moderation hypothesis suggests that the importance of physical attractiveness (PA) for life outcomes is particularly pronounced in settings that afford constructions of the relationship as the product of choice. The current work addresses an ambiguity in earlier research that documented a cultural–ecological moderation effect on expectations about life outcomes of attractive
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Race, Ambivalent Sexism, and Perceptions of Situations When Police Shoot Black Women Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Jazmin L. Brown-Iannuzzi, Erin Cooley, William Cipolli, Sarita Mehta
The current research investigates people’s attitudes toward an ambiguous situation of police violence against a woman suspect. We hypothesize that the suspect’s race and participants’ ambivalent sexism, particularly benevolent sexism, will jointly inform perceptions of the suspect’s femininity, and in turn, perceptions of the suspect’s pain, judgments of who is to blame, and perceptions the officer
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Information on Averted Infections Increased Perceived Efficacy of Regulations and Intentions to Follow Them Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-28 Maayan Katzir, Nira Liberman
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presented policymakers with the need to change people’s behavior in a fundamental way and for an extended period of time. Changing habits is difficult and requires sustained effort, and sustaining effort is especially difficult when it does not seem to yield conspicuous results. The COVID-19 pandemic presented exactly this difficulty, as numbers of infected
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Patterns of Implicit and Explicit Stereotypes III: Long-Term Change in Gender Stereotypes Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-27 Tessa E. S. Charlesworth, Mahzarin R. Banaji
Gender stereotypes are widely shared “collective representations” that link gender groups (e.g., male/female) with roles or attributes (e.g., career/family, science/arts). Such collective stereotypes, especially implicit stereotypes, are assumed to be so deeply embedded in society that they are resistant to change. Yet over the past several decades, shifts in real-world gender roles suggest the possibility
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Singlehood and Attunement of Self-Esteem to Friendships Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-27 Alexandra N. Fisher, Danu Anthony Stinson, Joanne V. Wood, John G. Holmes, Jessica J. Cameron
Romantic relationships activate a process of psychological attunement whereby self-esteem becomes responsive to the romantic bond, thereby potentially benefitting relationship quality and bolstering self-esteem. Yet some people are romantically single, raising the question: Do single people also exhibit psychological attunement? In a 2-year longitudinal study of young adults (N = 279), we test whether
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Left Out But “In Control”? Culture Variations in Perceived Control When Excluded by a Close Other Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Sasha Y. Kimel, Dominik Mischkowski, Yuki Miyagawa, Yu Niiya
Research and theorizing suggest two competing—yet untested—hypotheses for how European Americans’ and Asians’ feeling of being “in control” might differ when excluded by a close other (e.g., a good friend). Drawing on different national contexts (i.e., United States, Japan), cultural groups (i.e., Japanese, Asian/Asian Americans, European Americans), and exclusion paradigms (i.e., relived, in vivo)
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Situation Perception Mediates the Link Between Narcissism and Relationship Satisfaction: Evidence From a Daily Diary Study in Romantic Couples Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Katrin Rentzsch, Larissa L. Wieczorek, Tanja M. Gerlach
Research has shown that diverging romantic relationship outcomes of grandiose narcissism can be explained by differential associations of agentic and antagonistic aspects of narcissism. In this study, we wanted to further investigate the underlying mechanisms by examining how narcissists perceive daily situations with their partners. In an online diary, 171 couples reported on 1941 daily situations
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Intellectual Humility Predicts Scrutiny of COVID-19 Misinformation Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Jonah Koetke, Karina Schumann, Tenelle Porter
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been felt across the globe. While health experts work to spread life-saving information, misinformation and fake news about the virus undermine these efforts. What actions can people take when confronting COVID-19 misinformation, and what factors motivate people to take these actions? We propose that people can engage in investigative behaviors (e.g., fact-checking
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Is There Anything Good About Atheists? Exploring Positive and Negative Stereotypes of the Religious and Nonreligious Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Jordan W. Moon, Jaimie Arona Krems, Adam B. Cohen
Negative stereotypes about atheists are widespread, robust, rooted in distrust, and linked to discrimination. Here, we examine whether social perceivers in the United States might additionally hold any positive stereotypes about atheists (and corresponding negative stereotypes of the religious). Experiments 1 (N = 401) and 2 (N = 398, preregistered) used methods of intuitive stereotypes (the conjunction
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Emotion Recognition Ability as a Predictor of Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Katja Schlegel, Helene M. von Gugelberg, Lisa M. Makowski, Danièle A. Gubler, Stefan J. Troche
This study examined emotion recognition ability (ERA) as a predictor of positive and negative affect in two Australian and one German-speaking samples (total N = 469) during the first 2 weeks of major public life restrictions in the COVID-19 pandemic in March/April 2020. Individuals with higher ERA did not report more positive affect, but they felt less burdened and reported less negative affect. This
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Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Big Five Personality on Subjective and Psychological Well-Being Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Jeromy Anglim, Sharon Horwood
The current study assessed the effect of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic on subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) and whether the pandemic moderated the effect of personality on well-being. Measures of Big Five personality, SWB (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect), and PWB (positive relations, autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose
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Investigating the Interplay Between Race, Work Ethic Stereotypes, and Attitudes Toward Welfare Recipients and Policies Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Jazmin L. Brown-Iannuzzi, Erin Cooley, Christopher K. Marshburn, Stephanie E. McKee, Ryan F. Lei
The current research investigates the role of racialized work ethic stereotypes on attitudes toward welfare. We hypothesized that work ethic stereotypes shape both people’s attitudes toward welfare and their perceptions of who benefits from these policies. Consistent with hypotheses, when the demographic composition of welfare recipients was majority Black (vs. White), participants thought recipients
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The Authoritarian Dynamic During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Nationalism and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Todd K. Hartman, Thomas V. A. Stocks, Ryan McKay, Jilly Gibson-Miller, Liat Levita, Anton P. Martinez, Liam Mason, Orla McBride, Jamie Murphy, Mark Shevlin, Kate M. Bennett, Philip Hyland, Thanos Karatzias, Frédérique Vallières, Richard P. Bentall
Research has demonstrated that situational factors such as perceived threats to the social order activate latent authoritarianism. The deadly COVID-19 pandemic presents a rare opportunity to test whether existential threat stemming from an indiscriminate virus moderates the relationship between authoritarianism and political attitudes toward the nation and out-groups. Using data from two large nationally
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The Social Ecology of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in New York City: The Role of Walkability, Wealth, and Race Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Shigehiro Oishi, Youngjae Cha, Ulrich Schimmack
The present research examined the zip code level (177 zip codes) prevalence of and deaths associated with COVID-19 in New York City as of May 22, 2020. Walkable zip codes had consistently lower prevalence of (r = −.49) and deaths (r = −.15) associated with COVID-19. The mediation analysis showed that the degree of reduction in actual geographical mobility during the lockdown (measured by smartphone
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Similarity Predicts Cross-National Social Preferences Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 L. Froehlich, A. R. Dorrough, A. Glöckner, S. Stürmer
Humans are not purely selfish money maximizers. Most individuals take into account consequences for others in their decisions, reflecting social preferences. In a large-scale study (N = 2,889) involving population-representative samples from 10 nations, we investigated social preferences toward different national out-groups. Social preferences varied systematically depending on the other person’s nationality
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The Effects of Needs for Security and Certainty on Economic Beliefs: The Role of Political Engagement and the Welfare State Model Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Gabriela Czarnek, Małgorzata Kossowska
We suggest that the effects of needs for security and certainty (NSC) on economic beliefs result from potentially competing dispositional (political engagement) and contextual (the country-level political narrative around the welfare state) influences. An analysis of data from the 2016 European Social Survey (N = 40,870) showed that at low levels of political engagement, NSC is associated with left-wing
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Corrigendum Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2021-01-07
Rauthmann, J. F., Horstmann, K. T., & Sherman, R. A. (2019). Do self-reported traits and aggregated states capture the same thing? A nomological perspective on trait-state homomorphy. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(5), 59–611. DOI: 10.1177/1948550618774772.
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Combating Bisexual Erasure: The Correspondence of Implicit and Explicit Sexual Identity Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Teri A. Kirby, Sally K. Merritt, Sarah Baillie, Lori Wu Malahy, Cheryl R. Kaiser
Both straight (i.e., heterosexual) and gay/lesbian individuals still question and erase bisexual identities. Skeptics contend that people adopt bisexual identities for strategic motivations, such as avoiding the stigma associated with identifying as gay, or for attention-seeking purposes. Across two studies, self-identified gay (N = 168), straight (N = 237), and bisexual (N = 231) participants completed
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Testing the Buffering Effect of Social Relationships in a Prospective Study of Disability Onset Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Richard E. Lucas, William J. Chopik
Social support has been proposed to be a protective factor that buffers the losses that result from the experience of negative life events. The present study uses data from a large-scale Australian panel study (the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey) to examine how life satisfaction changes following the onset of a disabling condition and then to test whether preevent or postevent
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Corrigendum Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-12-16
Kachanoff FJ, Bigman YE, Kapsaskis K, Gray K. Measuring Realistic and Symbolic Threats of COVID-19 and Their Unique Impacts on Well-Being and Adherence to Public Health Behaviors. Social Psychological and Personality Science. Epub ahead of print 24 July 2020. doi: 10.1177/1948550620931634
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Socioeconomic Status and Dehumanization in India: Elaboration of the Stereotype Content Model in a Non-WEIRD Sample Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Priyanka Khatry, Kunalan Manokara, Lasana T. Harris
A perceiver’s socioeconomic status (SES) should influence social perceptions toward others. However, there is little evidence for this effect within and beyond Western samples. We hence evaluate the relationship between perceiver SES and dehumanized perception in a society where status is historically defined: India. Across two studies, we hypothesized that perceiver SES would predict dehumanization
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The Shape of Belief: Developing a Mousetracking-Based Relational Implicit Measure Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Jamie Cummins, Jan De Houwer
The Propositional Evaluation Paradigm (PEP) has recently shown promise as a relational implicit measure (i.e., an implicit measure which can specify how stimuli are related). Whereas the standard PEP measures response times, mousetracking is becoming increasingly popular for quantifying response competition, with distinct advantages beyond response times. Across four preregistered experiments (N =
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Relationship Satisfaction Can Help to Maintain the Positive Effect of Childbirth on Parental Self-Esteem Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Mario Wenzel, Doris Staab, Zarah Rowland, Manon A. van Scheppingen
The transition to parenthood is accompanied by declined self-esteem levels, which may be explained by parents’ relationship satisfaction. However, prior research examined self-esteem only shortly before and after childbirth and had no or only unmatched childless respondents as a control group, limiting the possibility to examine long-term adaptive processes and the causal interpretation of the associations
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Income More Reliably Predicts Frequent Than Intense Happiness Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Jon M. Jachimowicz, Ruo Mo, Adam Eric Greenberg, Bertus Jeronimus, Ashley V. Whillans
There is widespread consensus that income and subjective well-being are linked, but when and why they are connected is subject to ongoing debate. We draw on prior research that distinguishes between the frequency and intensity of happiness to suggest that higher income is more consistently linked to how frequently individuals experience happiness than how intensely happy each episode is. This occurs
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Social Hedonic Editing: People Prefer to Experience Events at the Same Time as Others Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Franklin Shaddy, Yanping Tu, Ayelet Fishbach
Previous research testing the hedonic editing hypothesis examined preferences for the timing of events that happen to the self—asking, for example, whether people prefer to experience two positive or two negative events on the same or different day(s). Here, we examine preferences for the timing of events that happen to the self and to others—social hedonic editing. Across five studies (N = 2,522)
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Early Childhood Antecedents of Dehumanization Perpetration in Adult Romantic Relationships Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Bengianni Pizzirani, Gery C. Karantzas, Glenn I. Roisman, Jeffry A. Simpson
Data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (MLSRA) were utilized to provide the first investigation into the early childhood antecedents of dehumanization (i.e., treating another as less than human) in adult romantic relationships. Drawing on a sample of 109 MLSRA participants, multiple assessments of maternal care and empathy were collected during infancy and early childhood
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Unjustifiably Irresponsible: The Effects of Social Roles on Attributions of Intent Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-11-28 Stephen J. Rowe, Andrew J. Vonasch, Michael-John Turp
How do people’s social roles change others’ perceptions of their intentions to cause harm? Three preregistered vignette-based experiments (N = 788) manipulated the social role of someone causing harm and measured how intentional people thought the harm was. Results indicate that people judge harmful consequences as intentional when they think the actor unjustifiably caused harm. Social roles were shown
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Facial Stereotype Bias Is Mitigated by Training Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-11-28 Kao-Wei Chua, Jonathan B. Freeman
People automatically infer others’ personality (e.g., trustworthiness) based on facial appearance, and such facial stereotype biases predict real-world consequences across political, legal, and business domains. The present research tested whether these biases can be mitigated through counterstereotype training aimed at reconfiguring the associations between specific facial appearances and social traits
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Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior During COVID-19: Trajectory and Moderation by Personality Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano, Martina Luchetti, Damaris Aschwanden, Ji Hyun Lee, Amanda A. Sesker, Jason E. Strickhouser, Angelina R. Sutin
The present study examined the relation between personality and changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviors during the acute phase of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Personality was assessed prior to the coronavirus crisis in the Understanding America Study (UAS, N = 6,702) and the Psychological, Behavioral, and Social Response (PBSR) to the coronavirus pandemic (N = 3,992)
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Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Predict Annual Increases in Generalized Prejudice Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Danny Osborne, Nicole Satherley, Todd D. Little, Chris G. Sibley
Although right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) are the two most studied individual difference correlates of prejudice, debate remains over their status as enduring constructs that precede generalized prejudice. We contribute to this discussion using 10 annual waves of longitudinal data from a nationwide random sample of adults to investigate the stability and temporal
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Situated Embodiment: When Physical Weight Does and Does Not Inform Judgments of Importance Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 David J. Hauser, Norbert Schwarz
Bodily sensations impact metaphorically related judgments. Are such effects obligatory or do they follow the logic of knowledge accessibility? If the latter, the impact of sensory information should be moderated by the accessibility of the related metaphor at the time of sensory experience. We manipulated whether “importance” was on participants’ minds when they held a physically heavy versus light
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Spring Break or Heart Break? Extending Valence Bias to Emotional Words Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Nicholas R. Harp, Catherine C. Brown, Maital Neta
Ambiguous stimuli are useful for assessing emotional bias. For example, surprised faces could convey a positive or negative meaning, and the degree to which an individual interprets these expressions as positive or negative represents their “valence bias.” Currently, the most well-validated ambiguous stimuli for assessing valence bias include nonverbal signals (faces and scenes), overlooking an inherent
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There Is No Primacy Effect in Interpersonal Perception: A Series of Preregistered Analyses Using Judgments of Actual Behavior Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Anne Wiedenroth, Nele M. Wessels, Daniel Leising
First impressions are commonly assumed to be particularly important: Information about a person that we obtain early on may shape our overall impression of that person more strongly than information obtained later. In contrast to previous research, the present series of preregistered analyses uses actual person judgment data to investigate this so-called primacy effect: Perceivers (N = 1,395) judged
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Pupillometry and Hindsight Bias: Physiological Arousal Predicts Compensatory Behavior Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Willem W. A. Sleegers, Travis Proulx, Ilja van Beest
According to violation–compensation models of cognitive conflict, experiences that violate expected associations evoke a common, biologically based syndrome of aversive arousal, which in turn motivates compensation efforts to relieve this arousal. However, while substantial research shows that people indeed respond with increased arousal to expectancy violating events, evidence for the motivating role
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How Body Size Cues Judgments on Person Perception Dimensions Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Olya Bryksina, Luming Wang, Trang Mai-McManus
Many people in Western societies pursue a thin body. Among the multiple reasons to lose weight, concerns about social perceptions play a prominent role in the desire to shed pounds. Previous research associates thinness with attractiveness, especially in Western societies. The current work demonstrates that moderate deviations from the average body size cue judgments on person perception dimensions
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Gratitude Increases Recipients’ Commitment Through Automatic Partner Evaluations, Yet Unreciprocated Gratitude Decreases Commitment Through Deliberative Evaluations Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Levi R. Baker
Feelings of gratitude motivate intimates to maintain valuable relationships. However, it is unknown whether expressions of gratitude similarly increase recipients’ relationship commitment. Two experiments tested the idea that expressions of gratitude simultaneously increase and decrease recipients’ commitment via different interpersonal evaluations, and reciprocity of gratitude determines the implications
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Who Is Impacted? Personality Predicts Individual Differences in Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Nick Modersitzki, Le Vy Phan, Niclas Kuper, John F. Rauthmann
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in people’s private and public lives that are unprecedented in modern history. However, little is known about the differential psychological consequences of restrictions that have been imposed to fight the pandemic. In a large and diverse German sample (N = 1,320), we examined how individual differences in psychological consequences of the pandemic (perceived
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Is More Always Better? Examining the Nonlinear Association of Social Contact Frequency With Physical Health and Longevity Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 Olga Stavrova, Dongning Ren
Frequent social contact has been associated with better health and longer life. It remains unclear though whether there is an optimal contact frequency, beyond which contact is no longer positively...
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The Beautiful Complexity of Human Prosociality: On the Interplay of Honesty-Humility, Intuition, and a Reward System Social Psychological and Personality Science (IF 4.385) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 Laila Nockur, Stefan Pfattheicher
Human prosociality is a fascinating and complex phenomenon. The present research takes this complexity into account by examining the interplay of three prominent factors that past research has show...