(2021). The Historical Sociology of Japanese Martial Arts , by Raul Sanchez Garcia. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Ahead of Print.

Abstract This article examines the short-lived 1950s American sport diplomacy campaign in Iran. It analyses the motives behind this policy, the initiatives employed and the extent to which US policymakers regarded them as a success. The piece illustrates how these sport diplomacy initiatives - centred on track, field and other Olympic events - comprised a key facet of a broader public diplomacy campaign

Abstract The postponed 2020 Tokyo summer Olympics will be the first Olympic games to officially use facial recognition technology as a security measure. The use of such advanced technology to protect the Olympics continues a trend of Olympic organizers employing the latest in technological advances. This trend started in the early 1980s and continues to the present day. The following paper identifies

(2020). Foreword: Sport and Oral History II. The International Journal of the History of Sport: Vol. 37, Sport and Oral History II, pp. 1649-1650.

Abstract During the late twentieth century and the early twenty-first century, local players and clubs claimed urban spaces for the practice of ‘futebol de várzea’ (amateur football) in several Brazilian cities, including the state capital of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte. Case studies of these processes reveal new aspects of the Brazilian sports universe. A collection of oral histories from players

Abstract The original Muscle Beach, in Santa Monica, California, is a site that looms large in the historical imagination. At once a hotbed of physical culture practices and a pop culture reference point, the ‘gym by the sea’ is often credited for playing a pivotal role in the evolution of twentieth-century health and fitness. An archive of oral history interviews with key figures from Muscle Beach

Abstract Southern Alberta is home to Canada’s third largest post-war concentration of Japanese Canadians. Many Japanese Canadians were relocated to this region between 1942 and 1949, and many remained to rebuild their lives and communities during the postwar period. Our study draws on oral histories conducted as part of the Nikkei Memory Capture Project, a multi-year oral history project that initiates

Abstract In the early 1960s the Canadian government in Ottawa saw international events, including major sporting events, as a way to bolster Canada’s position globally. To support Calgary’s bid for the 1968 Olympic Winter Games, the Canadian federal government formed an interdepartmental committee to work with the Calgary Olympic Development Association to try to improve the Canadian city’s chance

Abstract In the first decades after the establishment of the State of Israel, Hapoel [Workers] Houses were incubators of top Israeli athletes in various fields of sport, which also served as social and cultural community hubs. Applying the lifecycle approach to the study of sports clubs, this study explores the establishment, institutionalization, and demise of Hapoel Houses. Through analyses of reports

(2021). Nation, City, Arena: Sports Events, Nation Building and City Politics in Indonesia. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Ahead of Print.

Abstract The very different popular reactions to the USA’s hockey medals at Sapporo (silver in 1972) and Lake Placid (gold in 1980) reveal a shift in popular American attitudes during he 1970s, away from support for détente with the USSR towards open confrontation with the USA’s chief Cold War rival. These changed attitudes had significant political impact as they helped elect Ronald Reagan president

Abstract Wushu as a Chinese cultural inheritance has for centuries encountered the question of ‘what is to be inherited and how’? The question should always be answered in the light of fresh discoveries and current research on Wushu history. This article addresses the question and suggests how researchers in this field should focus on the approaches through which the various disciplines of Wushu have

Abstract In 1994, American outdoor adventurers Ray and Jenny Jardine completed the Pacific Crest Trail, a long-distance hiking trail in Washington, Oregon, and California, carrying remarkably light packs. Ray Jardine published multiple guidebooks explaining how he and Jenny got to the 8.5 pound base weight, and offered guidelines so that other aspiring hikers could try the ‘Ray-Way’. Jardine’s approach

Abstract Since Cuba’s revolution in 1959, the country has found itself among the Olympic medal world leaders in terms of medals won against population size. Given the growing importance of the relationship between politics, major sporting events, and the media, this research uses predominantly qualitative methodology to analyze Cuban newspaper Granma’s coverage of the sporting successes of Cuba between

(2020). ‘Revising’ the Sporting Map of Eastern Europe. The International Journal of the History of Sport: Vol. 37, Special Issue: Sport in Eastern Europe, pp. 1501-1516.

Abstract The human–horse relationship dates back centuries. In contemporary times, many people still value horses as their companions. These animals have had a very positive (even romantic) image in the eyes of many Poles because of historical reasons – by means of great victories, the role of husaria (cavalry), and Polish gentry fascinated with horses, which is present in a great number of works of

Abstract When the International Olympic Committee (IOC) set up its headquarters in Lausanne, in 1915, it could not have imagined the impact its decision would have on the administration of world sport. Three-quarters of Olympic sport’s world governing bodies have now followed the IOC’s lead and based themselves in Switzerland, thereby making the country the hub of global sport administration. The process

Abstract The creation of a specific journal on the history of sport demonstrates an attempt to consolidate and give academic visibility to this field. Therefore, this study sought to present how academic knowledge has been structured in Recorde: Revista de História do Esporte [Recorde: Journal of Sport History], the only exclusive journal on the history of sport in Brazil. For this purpose, the content

(2021). Genealogies of Fantasy Sport. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Ahead of Print.

Abstract Formerly governed as a family fiefdom, Sarawak in South-east Asia had a brief existence after World War II as a British Crown Colony until it became a constituent part of the newly-created Malaysia in 1963. Using contemporaneous documentary and newspaper sources together with oral history interviews of athletes, the post-1945 development of sport within this new member of the formal British

Abstract The origins of football in the Lublin region in Poland have not been examined in much detail. Two documents authored by Lieutenant General Kazimierz Sosnkowsk, Polish Minister of Military Affairs 1920–1924, were used to uncover the course of the development of football in this region – the ‘Game rules of football according to the French method’, written in 1903, and ‘Instructions in conducting

Abstract At a time when the British Empire and cultural imperialism was influencing large parts of the globe, an English-styled ethos for games and leisure was also developing in a former colony. Indeed, sport in North America during the mid to late nineteenth century was being shaped, in part, by a middle-class attitude that gave rise to the spread and maintenance of a distinct culture amongst the

Abstract New Zealand is one of the very few countries where the national netball team (known as the Silver Ferns) has a high public profile. The popularity of the Silver Ferns reflects in part the status of netball as the most popular team sport in New Zealand in terms of participation. It also, however, reflects the ways in which the captains and coaches of the Silver Ferns have constructed a positive

(2020). Foreword: The International Journal of the History of Sport Collection from the 2019 ISHPES Congress. The International Journal of the History of Sport: Vol. 37, Special Issue: ISHPES 2019, pp. 1369-1370.

Abstract A widespread system of sporting competitions existed in the Mediterranean world of Greco-Roman antiquity. Egypt played an interesting role in these competitions – and ancient Grecian sport had deep roots there. A variety of Egyptian sources, including papyri, stone inscriptions, and pictorial representations, document these sporting practices. This paper is based on a lecture delivered in

Abstract The 1928 Olympic Winter Games in St Moritz was the first international sports competition in Switzerland to bring together the country’s Olympic and sport circles, its hotel industry and local authorities. Doing so crystallized public and semi-public actions around an event capable of making or breaking Switzerland’s reputation as a tourist destination. In addition, the Swiss government, which

Abstract The 1920s and 1930s in Mexico were an important moment of transition for women’s sport, as women’s interests in sport as spectators and participants increased, giving rise to social debate. Much of these debates formed part of a broader discussion about the emergence of the ‘modern woman’ or, in the case of Mexico, la chica moderna. By focusing on the representation of the modern woman boxer

Abstract Few Indigenous Australians played Australian Rules football at the elite level before the 1980s. As the number of Indigenous players increased, a network of those who refused to accept on-field racial vilification developed. Opportunities for change were also seized by the Australian Football League, through a collaborative governance approach that empowered Indigenous players to inform strategies

Abstract When George Mallory was asked in 1923 by an unnamed reporter in Philadelphia why he wanted to climb Mount Everest, he answered simply and perhaps with no little irritation, ‘”because it is there,”’ a phrase that made him famous. Mallory is still revered by climbers as the shining example of early climbing ability and values, and so the mystery of what really happened to him and climbing partner

Abstract The growth of the fantasy sport industry has been nothing short of extraordinary. With estimates of 500,000 in the mid-1990s, to a current North American consumer estimate of 59.3 million, the industry has evolved quickly and with quite a force. Historical roots date fantasy activity back to the 1950s and 1960s. Since then, this industry has seen many phases of growth, expansion, trials, and

Abstract As everywhere in the French Empire, the French colonial administration in Indochina wished to train its soldiers by promoting sports in school. Many sport associations appeared very quickly and the founding members were almost entirely Annamites. Indochina can be seen to stand out from the other French territories in a way that has not previously been studied: because of the War, the Governor

Abstract The Olympic Winter Games, although younger than their summer counterpart, nonetheless have a long and storied history. From the first iteration in Chamonix, France, in 1924, through the first off-set games in Lillehammer, Norway, in 1994, to the most recent edition in PyeongChang, South Korea, the Olympic Winter Games are truly a mega-event. This introduction to a winter Olympics anthology

Abstract Questions about the definition of winter sports (and what ‘winter’ means) are central to interpretations and understandings of Olympic Winter Games. The Olympic Charter gives the current International Olympic Committee (IOC) definition: ‘only those sports which are practised on snow or ice are considered as winter sports’. This is a very narrow and non-global definition, referring only to

Abstract Compared to the summer games, the winter Olympics hold a relatively limited sporting appeal, yet their importance and capacity to capture the public and media attention remain undisputable. For many years, in addition to events on the official programme, Olympic Games Organising Committees (OCOGs) have advanced demonstration sports, some of which then dissipated from the landscape while others

Abstract Hosting an Olympic Games has the ability to considerably change a city and community, its image and infrastructure, with long-lasting effects in host cities and regions. However, securing long term function of Olympic sites and venues has proven a difficult task, as the increasingly specialist nature and scale of venues pose a major challenge for post-Olympic use. Appropriate planning is sited

Abstract Moral philosophy has been dominated by three traditions: virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and deontology. This paper challenges two common assumptions behind these ethical outlooks: their place of origin (the West) and their location of ethical conduct (the mind). Grounded in the broader comparative philosophical perspective, the paper draws on the Asian martial arts to advance the argument

(2020). Women, Sport and Exercise in the Asia-Pacific Region: Domination, Resistance, Accommodation. The International Journal of the History of Sport: Vol. 37, Special Issue: Asian Journal of Sport History & Culture, 2020, 3, pp. 1904-1906.

(2021). The World Cup as World History. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Ahead of Print.

(2021). Puddings, Bullies & Squashes. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Ahead of Print.

(2021). Women on the Move: The Forgotten Era of Women’s Bicycle Racing. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Ahead of Print.

(2021). More of the Kangaroo: 150 Years of Australian Football in Queensland – 1866 to 2016. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Ahead of Print.

(2021). Fit for America: Major John L. Griffith and the Quest for Athletics and Fitness. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Ahead of Print.

(2021). Les Gladiateurs: histoire et Armement. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Sport and Body Cultures in East and Southeast Asia. The International Journal of the History of Sport: Vol. 37, Special issue: Asian Journal of Sport History & Culture, 2020, 2, pp. 1207-1209.

Abstract The following is a history of Hayward Field at the University of Oregon, including the rise of the term ‘Hayward Magic’ and the repercussions for that communal understanding of place as the field is torn down and built anew in order to host the US Olympic Trials for Track and Field in 2021 and the Track and Field World Championships in 2022. Hayward Magic is an example of what geographers

Abstract With an increasing amount of diplomatic archival material being declassified, scholars are now finding not only more instances of governments, and especially diplomats, involved in sport matters, but also different ways in which sport and politics have been intertwined historically. The past two decades have thus seen what can be called a diplomatic turn in sport history. This type of research

Abstract In 1898, British social reformer Ebenezer Howard published To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, calling for ‘garden city’ communities based on the principles of decentralized industry, urban resettlement, low-density housing, and a ‘healthy’ combination of town and country life. To-morrow catalyzed an international movement that continues to influence urban planning. To date, historians

Abstract The Argentine Peronist Party used state-organized children’s soccer tournaments (1948–1955) as a form of political clientelism to politicize the leisure time of working-class children. Soccer competition served as a medium through which the state could inculcate future Peronist supporters as well as popularize state programs to working-class parents. The tournaments represent a unique form

(2021). New York Sports: Glamour and Grit in the Empire City. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Ahead of Print.

Abstract The United States has a complex history of gambling. Modern sport, fantasy sport, and daily fantasy sport (DFS) has complicated legal and moral views on gambling. Modern sport provided a means for widespread gambling; fantasy sport grew in the midst of legislation banning gambling; and DFS rode the coattails of a legal exemption for fantasy sport. DFS provided a bridge between fantasy sport

Abstract The online availability of sports statistics has helped fuel the massive rise of fantasy sport during the past 25 years. But this possibility was almost stopped in its infancy. By the mid-1990s, as the media landscape evolved to incorporate new web platforms, online sports statistics became a key battleground between U.S. content owners and content distributors. In 1996, the National Basketball

Abstract One of the most radically transformative shifts in sport history occurred between 1970 and 1975 with the dissolution of the reserve clause in Major League Baseball. In just five years, the legal proceedings of Curt Flood, Jim ‘Catfish’ Hunter, Andy Messersmith, and Dave McNally ruptured a system that had been in place since 1879 and brought about free agency, revolutionizing the economic relations

Abstract Although the 1929 economic crisis affected France from 1931 osnwards, the sport system continued its ascent during the 1930s. Some sports, such as ping-pong, also called table-tennis for questions of legal risk between the federations and the ping-pong brand, took advantage of this context of crisis to develop. A fashionable sport in 1932 and 1933, this new practice developed in drinking establishments

Abstract Social changes and political tensions had a great impact on Greek football clubs during the interwar period. Earlier, the establishment of the first sports clubs in Greece was associated with the rise of the middle classes, whose members carried liberal perceptions and a new code of conduct. Football was placed in the ‘civilizing process’, as the process of ‘sportization’ was only possible

Abstract Bullfighting debates in Spain are increasingly intense. Defenders of bullfighting as sport and as art, typically argue that many of the country’s most esteemed intellectual and artistic figures were bullfight enthusiasts. This is admittedly true, but by the same token Spain has a long tradition of anti-bullfighting thought. One prominent critic of bullfighting in the eighteenth century was

Abstract The terms ‘citizenship’, ‘nation’, and ‘nationality’ contain different, albeit overlapping, meanings of belonging and identity. The history of the FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) World Cup provides excellent examples and cases to unveil these meanings in different historical contexts. Three overlapping categories of historical realities are proposed to understand the

Abstract The Enlightenment comprises various processes occurring in Europe from the middle of the eighteenth century to at the beginning of the nineteenth century. This era was a breakthrough in social, ideological, and political life. It was also an era of rediscovery and re-evaluation of antiquity, especially concerning physical culture. Enlightenment thought and knowledge from Western Europe, including

Abstract With the development of globalization, international communication and the coexistence of sports cultures are inevitable. The ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ has accelerated the growth of Sino-Russian cultural communication and has brought new opportunities and challenges. Sino-Russian trans-cultural sporting communication aims to develop the capital and conduit functions of agents such as sports