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The Social, Educational, and Early Military Backgrounds of Senior Officers of the British Army of the Second World War, 1944–1945 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-12 Mark Richard Frost
Seventy-eight officers held senior command positions at army, corps, and divisional level in Britain’s three main field armies – the Second (North-West Europe), Eighth (Italy), and Fourteenth (Burma) – at the end of the Second World War. Using a range of source material, including their private papers, this article examines their socio-economic and family background, education, and early career development
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Britain’s Last Colonial War International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Thomas R. Mockaitis
The United Kingdom fought its last colonial war in South Arabia (1963 t0 1967) during a pivotal era of waning economic strength, rising Arab nationalism, and growing anticolonialism. Determined to retain Britain’s international status, the Macmillan government considered military facilities in Aden essential to projecting power east of Suez. This article argues that policy decisions taken from 1937
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Hungarian Hussars in Napoleon’s Campaign Against Russia International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-17 Attila Réfi
It is little known that Hungarian soldiers, including Hussars, took part in Napoleon’s 1812 campaign against Russia. Moreover, the four, and later five Hussar regiments assigned to the so-called Imperial-Royal Auxiliary Corps clearly played an important role in the activities of this Corps. During the campaign, the Hussars were mainly responsible for the tasks of reconnaissance and securing the march
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Career and Performance of the Artillery Officers in the Batteries of the Siege of Cartagena (1873–1874) International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-16 Diego Cameno Mayo
The pacification of cantonal Cartagena occurred at a very difficult time for Spain. The republican government had to face several conflicts at the same time, as well as internal disorder and indiscipline in the Army. In these pages, an investigation is proposed, from the field of prosopography, on the artillery officers who were in charge of the cannon batteries and who ended up surrendered in Cartagena
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Shrewdness and Coup d’œil: The Cognitive Attributes of the Consummate General (Greek Antiquity, Byzantine Era, Modern Times) International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 Ami-Jacques Rapin
This article tests Everett Wheeler’s hypothesis that the Greek concept of ankhínoia finds its equivalent in the 18th-century military writers’ notion of the coup d’oeil by comparing treatises on the art of war written in the two periods. After highlighting the different meanings of the coup d’oeil in 18th -century military terminology, Carl von Clausewitz’s approach is examined in his new conceptual
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Heathfield Down: An Alternative Location for the Battlefield of Hastings, 1066 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 Rebecca Welshman, Simon Coleman
The exact location of the Battle of Hastings remains a question of debate. We identify previously unknown 18th and 19th-century sources that locate the battle near Old Heathfield in East Sussex, ten miles north-west of Battle Abbey, on land once known as Heathfield Down and ‘Slaughter Common’. We analyse the relevance of the haran apuldran (‘Hoar Apple Tree’) in the ‘D’ text of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
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A New Key Port in America: The Fortification of Buenos Aires in the Seventeenth Century International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Juan A. González Delgado
The outcome of the 1640 Portuguese rebellion against Spanish rule instantly turned Buenos Aires into a new key port in Spanish America, given its location on the frontier with now-Portuguese Brazil. Consequently, the Spanish imperial bureaucracy focused on its fortification in the second half of the century. That case was part of a larger process during that century of fortifying Spanish American cities
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“A Distinctly Busy Man” – Lieutenant Colonel (Dr) Frederick Holles Brennan, First Officer Commanding of the 1st South African Irish Regiment, 1861–1927 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Hendrik Snyders
Lieutenant Colonel Frederick Holles Brennan, formerly the commanding officer of the 1st South African Irish Regiment, medical officer of the Transvaal Volunteers, surgeon to the Hawarden Castle hospital ship and recipient of the Volunteer Officer’s Decoration and Long Service Medal during active service, is a forgotten name in South African military history today. Canadian-born Brennan, a qualified
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Greedy for Effect: The Historiography of US Naval Logistics and the Pacific War International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Jonathan P. Klug
Naval and military historians have generally not focused on logistics, and this is true for Second World War naval historians and, more specifically, for United States Navy logistics of the Pacific War (1941–45). Naval logistics deserves more serious study as they circumscribe what surface fleets can accomplish. Recently, historians have started to treat this topic as an integral part of naval strategy
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Witnessing Colonial Warfare in Early-20th Century Portugal: The Photographic Reportage of the Kwamato Campaign in South Angola (1907) International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Hugo Silveira Pereira
In 1907, a Portuguese military expedition was sent to Angola to subdue the Kwamato. Two photographers accompanied the troops and photographed moments of rest, training, and combat. It was the first Portuguese photographic reportage of war. This article analyses a group of photographs of the Kwamato campaign as an example of photography of war. Using a methodology based on discourse analysis in journalism
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Venetian – Ottoman Wars in the East Adriatic Theatre of Operations (1645–1718): Determining the Ratio of Forces International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-04 Nikola Markulin
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire clashed in three wars spanning from 1645 to 1718, with intermittent periods of peace. These military conflicts unfolded in two distinct theatres of operations – the Aegean and the East Adriatic. While the former has received considerable attention in international scholarship, the latter remains largely overlooked. This
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Allied Aviation on the Eastern Front as Part of Operation Velvet: A View from the Soviet Side International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Nikita Prigodich
The article delves into the efforts made by the Allies to deploy British and US air forces on the southern flank of the Soviet-German front during the Second World War. Its main focus is on internal Soviet military reports and diplomatic documents from the negotiations that took place in 1942, preceding Operation Velvet. The research presented examines the preparations made by the Allied aviation forces
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New Perspectives on the East Africa Campaign of the Second World War International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-21 Evert Kleynhans, Ian van der Waag
The East Africa campaign of the Second World War – although the first Allied victory of this conflict – has been largely forgotten by scholars and popular historians. The causes are multi-factored and due mainly, perhaps, to the concurrent and interrelated military operations that occurred in North Africa, the Soviet Union, Greece, and Crete between 1940 and 1941 – operations that had first call on
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“Almost entirely a medical war”: The South African Medical Corps in East Africa, 1940–1941 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Ian van der Waag
The first major theatre of operations during the Second World War in which South African forces fought was East Africa. Key to the South African role in the campaign was the formation of the 1st sa Infantry Division in 1940. A range of medical units were under command. Using a ‘bottom-up’ view, this article – using a range of personal accounts, which complement richly veined material at the Department
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Losing an Empire: Fascist Italy’s Defeat in the Horn of Africa 1940–1941 and its Memory International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Bastian Matteo Scianna
This article analyses the campaign in Italian East Africa from an Italian point of view. It starts by setting out the grim strategic situation the commander in chief, the Duke of Aosta, was facing at the outbreak of hostilities. It then proceeds to cover the three phases of the campaign: the period from June 1940 until the end of the year, the second phase between January and May 1941, including the
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The Military Career of the Fifth Marquis of Távara (1604–1665) International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Enrique García Hernán
The military career of the Marquis of Távara, a less well-known historical figure among the nobility of Early Modern Spain, deserves attention because his life-experience progressed from his local roles in particular kingdoms to culmination in major duties such as President of the Council of Orders. His career advanced from mere adventurer to maestre de campo (field commander of a tercio), thereafter
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Combat Leagues and Veterans’ Associations in the Weimar Republic: A Literature Review International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Dennis Werberg
The article summarizes the current state of the historical research on the Combat Leagues and Veterans’ Associations in the Weimar Republic. It gives an overview about the ongoing trends and recapitulates key insights of the recent publications concerning the independence of the leagues and associations as political players, their role as protagonists of political violence, their relations to the German
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Russian Translations of Foreign Military Books in the 17th Century International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-31 Oleg Rusakovskiy
The article explores the role of military treatises and manuals as objects and factors in cultural and technology transfer from Western Europe to Russia in the 17th century in a comparative perspective. Listing the treatises on military tactics, organization and technology, translated for the needs of the Russian monarchs before the radical Westernizing reforms under Tsar Peter I started in 1700, the
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Defeat at Gallabat: Brigadier Bill Slim’s Formative Learning Experience International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 Andrew Stewart
In November 1940 British Commonwealth troops launched an attack against a mud and stone fort at Gallabat on the frontier between the Sudan and Ethiopia. This was a strategically important position for military planners in the Middle East Command working to make best use of limited forces scattered around a vast area of operations. Poor organisation, inadequate training, ineffective subordinate command
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“First Gain the Victory and then Make the Best Use of it you can”: the Royal Navy in the Aftermath of the Falklands War International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 R. Gerald Hughes
This article examines the Royal Navy (rn) in the aftermath of the Falklands War of 1982, focussing on the long-standing disparity between commitments and resources in UK defence planning. Two central arguments are developed. First, it is argued that the 1981 defence review failed to address the disparity between UK commitments with resources. Second, despite victory in the Falklands War, the UK naval
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New Perspectives on the Falklands War International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Sophie Thérèse Ambler, Thomas C. Mills
Marking the fortieth anniversary of the Falklands War, this special issue brings together new research, and opens avenues for further investigation, on the armed conflict between the United Kingdom and Argentina over sovereignty of the Falkland Islands that stretched between April and June 1982. Across four articles, it explores the broad themes of combatant experience, conflict memory, international
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comaw Staff and hms Fearless 1982 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-30 Helen Parr
Combatant memoirs are a valuable source for historians of conflict in general and of the Falklands War in particular, revealing experiences of war that would otherwise be beyond recovery. This chapter provides a previously unpublished memoir (written in 2006) of the Falklands War by Lieutenant Commander Michael Ambler (d. 2009), who served on the staff of Commodore Michael Clapp on hms Fearless. Included
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Rethinking the Lucchese Army During the Italian Wars, 1494–1559 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-30 Jacopo Pessina
The article reconsiders the Lucchese Army during the Italian Wars (1494–1559) to demonstrate that it was not archaic and weak, as asserted by scholars, fitting well with the conflicts faced by the Republic of Lucca. Moreover, based on militiamen, the Lucchese Army represented an alternative to standing mercenary forces for a third-rank state. The European states adopted new firearms, the trace italienne
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No Man is an Island: Reflections on the Battlefield Landscapes of the Falklands-Malvinas War International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Tony Pollard
There were two sets of Falkland Islands fought over in 1982. To the British, including the islanders, they were of course the Falklands, but to the Argentines they were the Malvinas. Some in the British military thought the islands were off the coast of Scotland when they first heard of them, in most cases just before deployment. By way of contrast, Argentine troops had grown up believing they were
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“The patriots proved most successful” or “They had been useless whenever fighting had to be done”: Evaluating the Efficacy of Ethiopian Irregular Forces in the East Africa Campaign International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-29 Jacob Stoil
Thousands of Ethiopians served with the irregular forces which fought alongside the British Empire in East Africa. According to some sources, they were more of a hindrance than a help. To others they were the critical factor that led to the liberation of the country. Understanding what the Ethiopian irregular forces did and whether they were effective is critical for the historiography of the East
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Women, Military, and State: Indonesian Women’s Military Representation During the Early Independence Period International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-16 Salebaran Salebaran, Mutiah Amini
This article looks at the role of women in the Indonesian military in the second half of the twentieth century, specifically from Indonesia’s independence on 17 August 1945 until the 1960s. Following state efforts to create uniformity among citizens by including women in all sectors of national life, including the military – long perceived to be a masculine institution – Indonesian women only became
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Brutalised, Broken and Betrayed International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-27 Sam Edwards
This article examines how the British Falklands veteran was depicted in three late 1980s films: Resurrected (1989), Tumbledown (1988) and For Queen and Country (1989). Like many contemporaneous depictions of American Vietnam veterans, all three productions explore the difficult homecoming of the “returning soldier”, paying close attention to questions of health, well-being, national identity, class
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Civic Service and the Question of Extra-Military Missions of the Army in Franco-Ivorian Military Relations (1960–1970) International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-26 Arthur Banga
With a negotiated decolonisation and a steadfast friendship between Félix Houphouët-Boigny and General Charles de Gaulle, Côte d’Ivoire, which had become independent, maintained excellent relations with France, its former colonial power. These close relations allowed it to benefit, within the framework of the Franco-Ivorian cooperation agreements, from French military assistance in setting up its armed
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‘Comrade’: The Liberation Roots of the Militarisation of Politics in Zimbabwe, 1960s–1979 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-06 Enock Ndawana
This article examines the development of militarisation in the liberation movements from the 1960s to 1979. It argues that the militarisation of politics and the state that would dominate Zimbabwe in the post-colonial period has its roots in both the Rhodesian state and the liberation movements. It asserts that the Zimbabwean state was militarised at birth primarily because the liberation movements
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Italian Prisoners Who Died During and After the First World War: A Quantitative Assessment International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-09-20 Alessio Fornasin, Giuliana Freni
The number of Italian military prisoners who died in enemy hands stands, according to the Italian historiography on the First World War, at 100,000 or more. In this paper, we offer an alternative estimate of the number of deaths using both individual and aggregate data. The reconstruction distinguishes between soldiers who died in captivity and soldiers who died as a consequence of captivity during
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Going Nuclear, but How? The Netherlands Army and Tactical Nuclear Warfare in Europe, 1953–1968 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-09-20 Daan Sanders, Jan Hoffenaar
In the historiography of nuclear arms in the Cold War the political and military strategic levels are dominant; little attention has been paid to the sub-strategic levels. This is understandable, because most archival material has been destroyed or is still classified. However, it is also remarkable because tactical nuclear weapons (tnw) were a crucial element in nato strategies and because all nato
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“Mad Mongols”, Uncivilised Russians: Violence and US Intervention in the Russian Civil War in the Far East International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-08-26 Paul J. Welch Behringer
This article examines US military reactions to violence during the Russian Civil War in the Far East (1918 - 1922). Paying close attention to US descriptions of anti-Bolshevik-perpetrated atrocities, it demonstrates that American military officers fell back on stereotypes of Russians and other ethnicities as having an “Asiatic” propensity for barbarism. This reasoning caused some American observers
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A Bestseller Among Artillery Handbooks of the 16th Century: Printed Editions of the Late Medieval Feuerwerkbuch International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-08-25 Klára Andresová
One of the important artillery manuals of the 15th century is the Feuerwerkbuch. The treatise was one of the first European didactic technical texts, intended for both artillerymen and their employers. After circulating in manuscript copies for over a hundred years, the text was first printed in 1529. By 1619 it had been published thirteen times in total, making it exceptional among military manuals
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Between Visible and Invisible Deaths of the Korean War: Re-envisioning Operation Glory (1954) at the United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Korea International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-07 Chungsun Lee
The year 2021 marked the 70th anniversary of the United Nations Cemetery’s (currently the United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Korea, unmck) establishment in 1951. The unmck is the only UN-designated cemetery for the fallen UN soldiers who underwent an arduous process of interment, exhumation, and re-interment during and after the Korean War (1950–1953). Despite abundant studies on the Korean War, little
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Gay Identity, Same-Sex Relationships, and Military Service International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Yoav Zaritsky, Yuval Yonay
This article deals with the history of military service for gay men in the Israeli army (Israel Defense Forces, idf), during the years 1948 to the mid-1970s. It is based primarily on the oral testimonies of thirty-two Israeli gay men born between 1924–1948, juxtaposed with historical sources such as newspaper articles, court documents, and written idf guidelines. Through these, we will examine popular
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Introduction International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Jacqueline E. Whitt
While lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people have always served in militaries, military organizations and leaders have managed the presence of sexual gender minorities in the ranks in complicated ways that were influenced by regulation, military culture, social and cultural norms, and perceptions of military effectiveness. The history of lgbt soldiers in modern western military history
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The “Most Liberal in nato”? International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Klaus Storkmann
Homosexuality was a topic that all armed forces were compelled to address at some point – and still are. A comparison between armed forces from around the world helps to put the actions of one state in the context of a bigger picture. This is not only the approach of historians today, but, as this research surprisingly shows, was the approach of the (West) German Federal Ministry of Defence (FMoD)
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The Royal Australian Navy and Courts Martial for Homosexuality International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Noah Riseman
Until November 1992 the Australian military had longstanding rules against the presence of lesbian, gay and bisexual (lgb) service members. The policies and practices for dealing with lgb people varied across time and services, but one commonality is that rarely did cases go to court martial and were generally dealt with through administrative and other disciplinary processes. Yet, the rare cases which
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The Gold Coast Brigade’s Crossing of the Juba River, Italian Somaliland, February 1941 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 Timothy Stapleton
In February 1941, West African troops conducted an opposed crossing of the Juba River in Italian Somaliland that, together with a South African crossing to the south, became a decisive action of the East Africa campaign of the Second World War. After the Juba was breached, Italian resistance in Somaliland crumbled with British imperial forces originating in Kenya taking Mogadishu in a few days and
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From the Western Front to the Heights of Ankara International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-05-20 Doruk Akyüz
The Defence in Depth tactical doctrine was developed by the German Army during the First World War in order to overcome the increasing French and British offensive capability on the Western Front. This article attempts to analyse how the Turkish High Command accepted and implemented the German Defence in Depth doctrine as a guiding principle during the defensive and pivotal Battle of Sakarya (1921)
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The Will to Fight: Combat, Morale, and the Experience of National Army Soldiers during the Greek Civil War, 1946–1949 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-04-21 Spyros Tsoutsoumpis
Why do soldiers fight? How do they deal with the exigencies of warfare? What methods are used by military establishments to control their rank and file and motivate them? This article addresses these questions by analysing the experience of national army soldiers during the Greek Civil War (1946–1949). The research on the Greek National Army has been dominated by top-down studies that focus on issues
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“Through bush, across desert and over mountains”: The Combat Operations of the 1st South African Infantry Brigade in East Africa, 1941 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-04-19 Evert Kleynhans
During the Second World War, the East African theatre was marked by extreme variations in terms of climate, terrain, communications, and disease ecology. The planning, scope and conduct of the Allied offensive operations in the theatre was largely determined by the physical environment. The deployment of the 1st South African Infantry Brigade (1 sa Bde) to East Africa occurred across three distinct
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Politics, the Press, and the Royal Commission on the War in South Africa International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-02-23 Stephen M. Miller
This article examines the British Government’s decision to establish the Royal Commission on the War in South Africa and how the Edwardian press presented its findings to the public. It will discuss how the Conservative media attempted to downplay the significance of the report and how the Liberal and Radical presses attempted to use it to raise questions about the Government’s ability to manage crises
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British Military Assistance to Help Establish Abu Dhabi’s Air Force, 1967–1971: An Unusual Training, Advising, Assisting and Mentoring Mission International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Athol Yates
Britain has long provided military assistance to help develop and support the local armed forces of its dominions, colonies and other parts of its Empire. This was not done out of benevolence but as part of Britain’s efforts to encourage its partners to be responsible for their own security. This article describes an unusual case of such assistance, which was provided to help establish Abu Dhabi’s
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Still Allies? The Women Spinners’ Strike in Arzignano and Italian/British Tensions in Italy During the Immediate Post-First World War Period International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2022-02-11 Paolo Pozzato, Martin Samuels
Social, political and industrial upheavals swept across Europe after November 1918. These affected the victors too, with some social groups seeking to consolidate gains made during the war, while others attempted to restore pre-war norms. In Italy, industrial unrest in Vincenza added a distinctive gendered character. An overlooked factor is the role of British troops, who became involved with local
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How a “Hunt for Homosexuals” in 1987 Ultimately Contributed to a Real Change in Emancipation for Gay Men Serving in the Armed Forces of the Netherlands International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-12-08 Jaus Müller
In 1974, the Netherlands became the first country in the world that no longer forbade gay men from joining the military. It took other Western countries much longer to do the same. From the outside, therefore, it looked as though the liberal country of the Netherlands took a leading position in 1974 regarding the inclusion of people with different sexual orientations in the military. That does not
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The Appropriation and Weaponisation of the Crusades in the Modern Era International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-21 Jason T. Roche
The introductory article proposes the hypothesis, which informed the decision making and editorial work in the present volume, that appropriations and weaponisations of the crusades in the modern era rely on culturally embedded master narratives of the past that are often thought to encompass public or cultural memories. Crucially, medievalism, communicated through metonyms, metaphors, symbols and
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From War to Global Peace Strategist: George C. Marshall and the Fundamentals of International Peace and Security International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 Joe Majerus
The present article sets out to more thoroughly examine George Marshall’s geo-political reasoning on strategic peace-building and the fundamentals of a more viable and sustainable peace structure. In so doing, it shows that although Marshall had been mainly preoccupied with the military side of the United States’ engagement in world affairs, he all the same developed a keen understanding of the strategic
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“The Great Crusade”: D-Day in American Culture c.1944–2001 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 Sam Edwards
Focusing on political speech, commemorative ceremonies, and various cultural media (especially historiography, memorials and films), this article explores the discursive construction within American culture of D-Day – the Allied invasion of France in June 1944 – as “crusade”, that is, as an example of a righteous and redemptive mission undertaken in the name of God in order to deliver the oppressed
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From Reform to Rights: The American Culture of the Citizen Soldier and the Transformation of the Crusading Metaphor, 1917–1945 International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-08-30 Graham Cross
The “crusading” imagery attached to American soldiers in the 1917–1945 period performed an important function in assigning meaning to the wars of the United States. This was the result of a complex interplay between “official” and “vernacular” culture. The doughboys of the First World War at times fought a romantic “crusade” to reform the nation, world and themselves from a morally privileged position
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“Our Age”: Frederick the Great, Classical Warfare, and the Uses and Abuses of Military History International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-08-27 Adam L. Storring
Whereas the long-running Military Revolution debate has focused primarily on changes in military technology and the growth of states in early modern Europe, the example of King Frederick ii (“the Great”) of Prussia highlights how changes in the character of war were perceived by contemporaries, and how they used narratives of change for rhetorical purposes. Frederick and his contemporaries saw their
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From Civil Conflict to Crusade: Mobilisation and National Identity in the Spanish Civil War International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-08-20 Mercedes Peñalba-Sotorrío
For decades after its conclusion, the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) was officially described by the newly imposed dictatorship as a Crusade. However, the appropriation of a mythologised medieval past was not just the product of post-war legitimisation. This article explores how, using “crusade” as a placeholder for Reconquista, the rebel army and its supporters responded to three distinct developments:
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“Crusaders” and the Islamic State Apocalypse International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-08-13 Jason T. Roche
Islamic State propaganda manipulated and combined a culturally embedded sense of Islamic history with a heady, potent mixture of classical and radical apocalyptic, and real and supposed Islamic authority, both sacred and profane. Tapping into a widespread belief in the approach of the Last Hour, the group attempted to change an established “crusader master narrative” by giving “crusaders” and their
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A Core Difference! The Varying Hoplite Shield Designs and their Effects on Economic Value, Performance and Combat Effectiveness International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-06-07 Kevin Rowan De Groote
Despite the vast research undertaken on hoplite warfare, surprisingly little is known about how hoplite shields were made, the very technology underpinning the transformative military reforms of hoplite warfare. The few forays that have explored the manufacturing process have been isolated and unintegrated studies leading to an often simplistic and superficial uniformity of production model which does
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Queering American Military History International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-05-17 Jacqueline E. Whitt
This historiographical article examines the state of the field of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (lgbtq) history in the United States military. It examines the field’s foundations and legacies from women’s history and the history of gender and sexuality as well as three threads that run through the field: sexuality and gender; sexuality, state control and citizenship; and sexuality
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Alexander’s Foundation of Alexandria International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-03-18 Edward M. Anson
Many reasons have been offered for Alexander the Great’s foundation of Alexandria in Egypt. He wished to create a great economic and cultural centre, or a naval base from which to control the Aegean, or simply to expand his prestige. It has also been argued that Alexander may have had no greater purpose at all and that this entire episode in the Alexander saga owes much to Ptolemaic propaganda. This
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Recovering a Lost History: Colonel (Retired) Thomas R. Stone and the Unwritten Biography of General William H. Simpson International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2021-01-29 Mark T. Calhoun
General William H. Simpson served as commander of Ninth US Army during the Second World War but remains one of the only American field army commanders from that war without a published biography. Colonel (Retired) Thomas R. Stone, PhD, intended to write a biography of General Simpson after completion of his master’s and doctoral degrees at Rice University, but never completed it, leaving one to wonder
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The Academic Historiography of the Crusades and the Twenty-First Century Debate on Religious Violence International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 John D. Cotts
21st-century journalists, politicians, and terrorists have found the crusades to be a remarkably versatile point of reference when they consider religiously articulated violence in the modern world. This article will explore how recent academic historiography relates to and can better inform modern debates about geopolitics, the role of religion in political life, as well as the broader question of
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Describing the Future Battlefield: A Study Concerning the Prussian General Staff’s Tasks Regarding Theatres of War (1816–1848) International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Jacek Jędrysiak
In 1816 the Prussian General Staff (gs) became one of the institutions responsible for the Kingdom’s defence planning. During this time, the institution was comprised of three sections, the so-called Kriegstheater (Theatres of War), which were to prepare against the military threat posed by France, Austria and Russia. According to instructions issued in 1816, the gs was to assist commanders in every
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An Aggregation of Lion Hunters: In Search of the Boer Way of War International Journal of Military History and Historiography (IF 0.1) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 David Brock Katz
The initial stages of the Second Anglo Boer War demonstrated the efficacy of the Boer tactical system, which produced some astounding results. Boer mobility, coupled with directive command, individual initiative, and logistical flexibility allowed the Boers to practice an effective form of manoeuvre warfare. The Boers neither reduced their way of war to writing nor produced manuals on their tactical