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Migrants Networks and Survival in the Job: Evidence from Foreign Newcomers on the PGA Tour Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Raja Kali, David Pastoriza, Jean-François Plante, Ekaterina Turkina
How do migrant social networks matter for performance in the job? We examine this by constructing a nationality-based network of foreign newcomers when they first begin to play in the PGA TOUR and examine the impact of this initial social network on newcomers’ probability of surviving (i.e., keeping their license) at the end of their inaugural PGA TOUR season. We find that the migrant social network
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On the Value of a Premium College Football Player: Evaluating the Literature Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Jeremy M. Losak, Benjamin J. Posmanick, Raymond D. Sauer
Over the past decade, the issue of player compensation in college sports has been the subject of several successful legal challenges. Athletes contend that the compensation they receive falls significantly short of the value they generate, attributing this gap to unlawful National Collegiate Athletic Association restrictions. Numerous tools exist in the sports economic literature that estimate the
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Match-Level Uncertainty in Professional Tennis Revisited—A Novel Approach Applied for the Time Between 2010 and 2019 Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Selçuk Özaydın, Thomas Könecke
Despite its popularity, outcome uncertainty in professional tennis did not receive much attention from academics in the recent past. This is astonishing because it should be of utmost importance in professional tennis in the following years with the approaching end of the era of the Big 3. This study investigates match-level uncertainty in professional women's and men's tennis between 2010 and 2019
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The S-Score of Financial Sustainability for Professional Football Clubs Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Richard Evans
This article extends the extensive literature on business failure and develops the approach of Altman to provide quantified recommendations for the financial sustainability of football clubs. The article uniquely identifies four scenarios that have caused insolvency for football clubs in the English Football League (EFL) and uses multiple discriminant analysis to identify financial models that delineate
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The Hot Hand in the NBA 3-Point Contest: The Importance of Location, Location, Location Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Robert Lantis, Erik Nesson
We investigate the hot hand in the 1986-2019 NBA 3-Point Shooting Contests. Combining repeated shots in a location and shots across locations, the contest mimics game situations without many of the confounding factors. We find that a hot hand exists in the contest, but only for shots within the same location. Streaks of shots increase a hot hand, but only if the player makes his previous shot and has
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An Economic Approach to Sports Injury Policies Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Jeffrey Cisyk, Pascal Courty
We propose an analysis of sports injury policies founded on the assertion that injuries are due to both uncontrollable risks (accidents from participating in sports) and controllable risks (athlete's deliberate choices in risk-taking). We compare the adoption decision of an injury policy made by: (a) a sport's organizer who maximizes welfare, (b) a sport's organizer who fails to account for athletes’
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Updating Beliefs Based on Observed Performance: Evidence From NFL Head Coaches Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Michael A. Roach, Mark F. Owens
We utilize play-by-play data from the National Football League to examine coaching decisions on fourth down and how sensitive they are to information on situational success and their competitive environment. Prior fourth down successes and failures within a game influence coaches in a way consistent with the notion that recent information is more salient to these coaches when making decisions and a
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Should I Stay or Should I Go Pro? Early NFL Draft Entry by NCAA FBS Underclassmen Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Brad R. Humphreys, Yulia Chikish, Peter von Allmen
Some college players face the tradeoff between continuing their education and entering the draft and forfeiting college eligibility. Little empirical research focuses on this “stay or go pro” decision. We analyze early draft entry decisions made by college football underclassmen with remaining eligibility over the 2007/08-2018/19 seasons. Regression results support both the human capital explanation
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The Flutie and Anti-Flutie Effect: The Impact of Football Championships and Athletic Malfeasance on the University Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Abigail Cormier, Austin F. Eggers, Peter A. Groothuis, Kurt W. Rotthoff
Athletics can impact the entire university, and there is evidence that administrators’ peer rankings are influenced by athletics as well. We analyze both the positive effect of winning championship...
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Attractive or Aggressive? A Face Recognition and Machine Learning Approach for Estimating Returns to Visual Appearance Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-03-22 Guodong Guo, Brad R. Humphreys, Qiangchang Wang, Yang Zhou
This paper provides a methodological contribution by illustrating the use of computer vision and machine learning methods to identify facial characteristics for the study of facial characteristics ...
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Disaggregated Attendance Demand: Comparing Daily Ticket Purchasers and Season Ticket Holders in K-League 1 Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 Hojun Sung, Hyunwoong Pyun
This study investigates differences in the preferences of daily ticket purchasers and season ticket holders, focusing on outcome uncertainty. Using unique game-level attendance data of both daily t...
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Cross-Quality Impacts of NCAA Division I Baseball and Softball Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-03-08 Laura Beaudin
Fifty years after Title IX, inequalities still exist between men's and women's sports. Most sport studies still fail to examine women's sports. This study explores the cross-quality impacts of Divi...
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The Allocation of Additional Slots for the FIFA World Cup Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-03-08 Alex Krumer, Juan D. Moreno-Ternero
How to select participants for a sports tournament when they are divided into different sets, and one should find a fair number of slots for each set? We propose to address this question by resorti...
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Crowds and the Timing of Goals and Referee Decisions1 Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-03-07 Christopher Magee, Amy Wolaver
This paper investigates how crowds affect the timing of events during football matches. In theory, the presence of fans influences the urgency of the players on the field, and the magnitude of this...
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Outcome Uncertainty and Viewer Demand for Basic Cable Boxing Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-02-19 David Butler, Robert Butler, Joel Maxcy, Simon Woodworth
We examine the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis and consider direct demand for professional boxing using a new dataset for basic cable broadcasts. Our analysis covers 103 broadcasts in the United ...
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The Emergence of Mixed Martial-Arts and the Future of Boxing: An Analysis of Consumer Interest and Compensation Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-02-17 Nicholas M. Watanabe, Brian P. Soebbing, Tarlan Chahardovali, Yinle Huang
Despite its long-standing history as the most popular and mainstream combat sport, boxing has been confronted with increased competition from mixed martial arts (MMA) in recent decades. The dominan...
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Stock Markets’ Reactions to the Announcement of the Hosts. An Event Study in the Analysis of Large Sporting Events in the Years 1976–2032 Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Krystian M. Zawadzki, Marcin Potrykus
This study attempts to estimate the impact of the announcements of hosts of large sporting events on domestic stock markets. The research problem is to establish a connection between the uniqueness...
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Division Play and Outcome Uncertainty in Sports Leagues Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-01-17 Young Hoon Lee, Rodney Fort
The analysis of outcome uncertainty (OU) and competitive balance (CB) has been of overwhelming importance in sports economics. Surprisingly, there is little work on the impact of the structure of p...
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Market Efficiency and Censoring Bias in College Football Gambling Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-01-17 Robert Arscott
The team totals and point spread betting lines jointly predict team scores in college football games. The gambling market’s score predictions are shown to be biased due to censoring at zero points....
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False Start? An Analysis of NFL Penalties With and Without Crowds Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2023-01-08 Alex Farnell
The lack of crowds at sports fixtures as a result of COVID-19 restrictions has allowed researchers a unique opportunity to examine the widely accepted convention of home advantage. This work takes ...
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Mass Gathering Sport Events and the Spread of Viral Respiratory Infection: Japanese Professional Baseball and Influenza Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-12-26 Hiroaki Funahashi, Alexander Cardazzi, Nicholas Masafumi Watanabe
Using weekly-level influenza case data from all 47 prefectures in Japan alongside data from Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) league from 1999 to 2018, we examine the effect of hosting games on lo...
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European Men's Club Football in the Eyes of Consumers: The Determinants of Television Broadcast Demand Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-12-14 Anthony Macedo, Marta Ferreira Dias, Paulo Reis Mourão
Using stated preferences, this study estimates the determinants of television broadcast demand for current European men's club football competitions and a hypothetical European Super League. The re...
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A Dynamic Analysis of Equal Revenue Sharing and Endogenous Salary Caps in the N-Team Leagues Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-12-12 Masaki Fujimoto
This article studies the combined effect of equal revenue sharing and endogenous salary caps in a dynamical setting. It is shown that (i) a combination of equal revenue sharing and salary caps cann...
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About the “Away Goals Rule” in Association Football. Does Scrapping the Rule Increase the Fairness of the Game? Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-11-24 Francisco J. Bahamonde-Birke, Ramón Andrés Bahamonde-Birke
The present study analyzes all major international football tournaments organized by UEFA and CONMEBOL during a period of 30 years to assess the impact of the away goals rule (AGR). The study takes...
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Substitution Effects and the Transnational Demand for European Soccer Telecasts Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-11-15 Georgios Nalbantis, Tim Pawlowski, Dominik Schreyer
European soccer leagues’ internationalization efforts have significantly increased the number of available telecasts abroad. In the US, this has fueled discussions about the degree of audience over...
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Corruption and Self-Sabotage in Sporting Competitions – An Experimental Approach to Match-Fixing Behavior and the Influence of Deterrence Factors Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-11-13 Thomas Giel, Sören Dallmeyer, Daniel Memmert, Christoph Breuer
This study investigates match-fixing employing a 2-player contest in an experimental setting. Subjects compete in a real-effort task and are bribed onetime to self-sabotage. Based on Becker’s deter...
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The Designated Player Policy Rule and Attendance Demand in Major League Soccer Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Johan Rewilak
Evidence suggests that Major League Soccer's designated player (DP) rule increased match-day attendance in its inaugural season leading to expansion of this policy. However, there is a need to exam...
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A comparative study of scoring systems by simulations Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 László Csató
We study the trade-off between two risks for scoring rules used in sports competitions containing multiple contests: (1) the threat of early clinch when the title is clinched before the last contes...
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Sports Facilities as a Housing Amenity: Do Prices Follow Facilities? Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-10-17 Geoffrey Propheter
The sports facility amenity theory predicts that when facility sites change, home prices nearer the prior site decline while home prices nearer the new site increase. Using home sales data in the v...
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Behavioral Biases in Daily Fantasy Baseball: The Case of the Hot Hand Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Jeremy M. Losak, Andrew P. Weinbach, Rodney J. Paul
Despite mixed evidence, sport participants and fans heavily believe in the existence of the hot hand. Prior literature examining NBA and NFL betting markets found betters were biased towards hot te...
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The Spread of Integration in Major League Baseball Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-09-08 Paul M. Holmes, Robert F. Kane
After the initial integration of Major League Baseball (MLB), teams introduced black players at different rates. We examine whether, and to what extent, team performance affected the rate of spread...
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Performance Quality Preference Heterogeneity in Major League Baseball Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-09-07 Brian M. Mills, Rodney Fort
With few exceptions, the sports attendance demand literature assumes the intensity of fan responses to home and visiting team quality are homogeneous across the markets in a league. However, the th...
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The Value of College Athletics in the Labor Market: Results from a Resume Audit Field Experiment Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 James D. Paul, Albert A. Cheng, Jay P. Greene, Josh B. McGee
Employers may favor applicants who played college sports if athletics participation contributes to leadership, conscientiousness, discipline, and other traits that are desirable for labor-market pr...
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The Importance of Team Fit for NBA Rookies’ Career Earnings Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-08-28 Joseph Kuehn, Filippo Rebessi
Workers entering the labor market often face a trade off between job matches that maximizes their short run and long run compensation. This trade off is influenced by peers who may enhance or dimin...
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Gendered Consequences of COVID-19 Among Professional Tennis Players Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-08-24 Michael Cary, Heather Stephens
The COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of travelling, working, and participating in public events. To test whether there were gendered differences in the response to COVID-19, we examine the beha...
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You Booze, You Lose? Spillovers to Crime from Alcohol Sales at College Football Games Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Zachary S. Fone
In recent years, many schools have lifted their alcohol sales bans at college football games, possibly as a tool to increase attendance and revenues. However, spillovers to crime deserve considerat...
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Compensating Differentials for the Risk of Reinjury – Lessons from Professional Boxing Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-08-15 Peter Anderson
A neglected area in the compensating-differential literature is how wages compensate workers for the risk of reinjury, specifically the risk of a subsequent mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). Usin...
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Participation in Competitive Sports Closes Gender Gaps in Competition and in Risk Taking Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 Marc Willinger, Dimitri Dubois, Sabrina Bravaccini
We compare the preferences of athletes who practice individual sports to those of non-athletes, by combining incentivized tasks and survey questions. Athletes were more likely to opt for the tourna...
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Scoring Benefits to Eastward Travel in the NBA Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 James Hasbany, Ryland Burke, Lawrence Watson, Jacqueline Doremus
Travel across time zones may affect player scoring through circadian rhythm. We test how travel affects scoring for the US National Basketball Association from 2014–2018, a period featuring a new game scheduler. We also test whether a collective bargaining agreement that protected player rest changed how travel affects scoring. We find eastward travel increases scoring and point spread via three-pointers
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Policy and Policy Response on the Court: A Theoretical and Empirical Examination of the Three-Point Line Extension in Basketball Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 Justin A. Ehrlich, Shankar Ghimire, Thomas R. Sadler, Shane D. Sanders
This paper considers recent and historical changes in the three-point line distance at the NCAA and NBA levels as an example of policy change with highly-measurable outcome(s). The paper presents s...
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Real Options Applied to Consumer Goods: Maximizing Profits and Fan Welfare Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Jason P. Berkowitz, Kurt W. Rotthoff
The use of pre-sale options for tickets is underutilized in sports. In this study, we show that the use of pre-sale options increases profits, but also increases consumer utility—making both parties better off. Thus, the efficiency gains and profit gains make incorporating options with advanced selling, as opposed to just advanced selling, an optimal strategy. Through this ticket pricing strategy,
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The Incentive Effects of Tournaments and Peer Effects in Team Production: Evidence from Esports Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Eric Mao
This paper examines the incentive effects of increased prize differentials and productivity spillovers from substitute coworkers within the context of esports. A direct behavioral measure called “actions per minute (APM)” is utilized to gauge Dota 2 players’ on-field exertion of effort dedicated to winning the game. The results based on empirical analysis support the incentive effects of the convex
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Professional Sports Events and Public Spending: Evidence from Municipal Police Budgets Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Hyunwoong Pyun, Brad R. Humphreys, Umair Khalil
Prior evidence reveals a causal relationship between sporting events and crime. If sporting events increase crime, they also increase public spending on policing. We analyze the crime-police spending relationship using data from the Annual Survey of Public Employment & Payroll over the periods 1979–1995 and 1997–2010 for a sample of 52 US municipalities with and without teams. Reduced form regression
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Incentives and Strategic Behavior of Professional Boxers Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-05-23 Zafer Akin, Murat Issabayev, Islam Rizvanoghlu
In professional boxing, a higher-ranked boxer chooses his opponent among challengers varying in popularity and strength. We build a three-stage model of a professional boxing fight between the chooser and a challenger to examine the strategic incentives of a chooser in sharing the purse and exerting a proper level of effort. More importantly, we endogenize the choice of the opponent and the purse to
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Do Fans Impact Sports Outcomes? A COVID-19 Natural Experiment Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-05-18 Jeffrey Cross, Richard Uhrig
This paper studies the effect of fan attendance on home field advantage in top European soccer leagues. We exploit exogenous variation in the level of fan attendance driven by COVID-19 mitigation policies and find that the home field advantage, as measured by home minus away (expected) goals, is reduced by more than 50% across the English Premier League, German Bundesliga, Italian Serie A, and Spanish
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Contest Outcome Uncertainty and Fan Decisions: A Meta-Analysis Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-04-12 Clay Collins, Brad R. Humphreys
Outcome uncertainty represents a central, defining area of sports economic research. Contest outcome uncertainty (COU), the idea that fan expectations about game outcomes affects attendance decisions, receives substantial attention in the literature, including many papers published in this journal. The standard model of fan decisions under uncertainty generates two diametrically opposed predictions
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Rottenberg at Sixty-Five: In Honor of the 20th Anniversary of the Journal of Sports Economics Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Rodney Fort
Sports economics is now 65 years old, since Rottenberg's “The Baseball Players’ Labor Market”. This milestone coincides with the 20th anniversary of the Journal of Sports Economics. Rottenberg's two main offerings, the match outcome uncertainty hypothesis and the invariance principle, are reviewed, including empirical verdicts from other recent literature reviews. In addition, perhaps less well-known
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All Runs Are Created Equal: Labor Market Efficiency in Major League Baseball Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-03-31 Ryan Pinheiro, Stefan Szymanski
Moneyball ( Lewis, 2003) claimed that data analytics enabled savvy operators to exploit inefficiencies in the market for baseball players. The economic analysis of Hakes and Sauer (2006) appeared to show that the publication of Moneyball represented a watershed, after which inefficiencies had been competed away. In both cases analysis focused on composite statistics such as on base percentage (OBP)
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Set-level Strategic and Psychological Momentum in Best-of-three-set Professional Tennis Matches Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-03-31 Craig A. Depken, II, John M. Gandar, Dmitry A. Shapiro
We provide a theoretical and empirical analysis of strategic momentum and psychological momentum in best-of-three contests between players with unequal skills. As a theoretical benchmark, we develop a fully rational model of best-of-three contests and define psychological momentum as systematic deviation from the theoretical equilibrium. An empirical analysis of 66,262 professional tennis matches from
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Sports Economics on Trial: Alston v. NCAA Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-03-29 Roger G. Noll
The Supreme Court's decision in NCAA v. Alston already has had profound effects on the governance of college sports. Despite the narrow scope of the relief ordered in Alston, the opinion invites more challenges to NCAA rules that restrict compensation of athletes. Within months after Alston was decided, many athletes already are substantially better off financially, and the NCAA has delegated regulation
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Sports-based Entertainment and Crime Evidence from Football Games in Brazil Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-03-18 Ilaria Masiero
I investigate the relationship between sports-based entertainment and crime using nine years of hourly data on robberies and thefts by police district in São Paulo linked to information on 430 football matches. Results report a citywide voluntary incapacitation impact and a local spatial concentration effect. Robberies significantly drop during matches, especially high-audience ones. Around the stadiums
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The Wellbeing Valuation Approach: The Monetary Value of Sport Participation and Volunteering for Different Life Satisfaction Measures and Estimators Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-03-08 Tim F. Thormann, Sebastian Gehrmann, Pamela Wicker
This study applies the wellbeing valuation approach to sport participation and volunteering using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. Linear regression results show that sport and volunteering hours increase satisfaction with life, health, work, income, and leisure, but with diminishing returns in most models. In a seemingly unrelated regression, some of these effects turn insignificant. The
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UEFA Against the Champions? An Evaluation of the Recent Reform of the Champions League Qualification Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-03-07 László Csató
The paper evaluates the impact of the only reform in the Champions Path of UEFA Champions League qualifying system, effective from the 2018/19 season. In contrast to previous studies, our methodology considers five seasons instead of only one to filter out any possible season-specific attributes. The chances of some national champions decrease much stronger than suggested by the reduction in the number
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Efficient Spread Betting Markets: A Literature Review Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 Jonas Vandenbruaene, Marc De Ceuster, Jan Annaert
Are simple trading strategies profitable? It is a question that has been on the minds of academics and practitioners for decades. In this paper, we review the longstanding literature on trading strategies in spread betting (also known as handicap betting), a popular sports betting microstructure. We review over 600 strategy implementations and find that market efficiency and systematic misperceptions
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Anthem Protests, Viewer Politics, and the Demand for NFL Games: Assessing the Impact of National Anthem Protests on Viewership Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Noah Sperling, Donald Vandegrift
This paper analyzes the effect of anthem protests on viewership for National Football League (NFL) games controlling for measures of NFL market-specific political beliefs and other demand determinants. To capture the effect of the protests on viewership, we create two classes of protests (unambiguous and ambiguous protests) and support the classification based on the meaning of the protest, actions
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Risk-taking in contests with heterogeneous players and intermediate Information—Evidence from handball Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-01-31 Lena Neuberg, Stefan Thiem
This paper analyzes the risk-taking behavior of heterogeneous players in dynamic contests with intermediate information. Using data from the first German Handball league, we measure risk-taking by substituting the goalkeeper for an additional field player. By differentiating between ex-ante and in-game heterogeneity, we show that underdogs and trailing teams are willing to take more risks and that
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What is the Impact of Post-Season Bowl Participation on a Football Program's On-Field Success, Recruiting and Revenues? Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-01-20 Stacey L. Brook
Previous research examines the impact college athletic success has on state appropriations, donations, student applications, and academic reputation, but not on the impact college athletic success has on an individual athletic program directly. Since nearly 70% of post-season bowl game Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) participants incur bowl game financial losses, are there future benefits from post-season
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The Effect of the Crowd on Home Bias: Evidence from NBA Games During the COVID-19 Pandemic Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-01-17 Hua Gong
The present study examines a specific type of referee biases, home bias, and analyzes how the presence of fans affects home bias by using NBA games played in empty arenas during the COVID-19 pandemic in the 2020–2021 season and matches played before the pandemic from 2017 to 2020. This research also uses a unique data set from NBA Last Two Minute Reports to assess referees’ performance at the play
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Raising the Bar: Causal Evidence on Gender Differences in Risk-Taking From a Natural Experiment Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-01-12 René Böheim, Mario Lackner, Wilhelm Wagner
We investigate the risk-taking behavior of women and men in high-stakes jumping competitions. Results indicated that female and male athletes differ in the timing and extent of their reactions to an increase in the risk of failure. Male competitors increased risk-taking in the more risky environment immediately after the changes. Female athletes, however, increased risk-taking two years after the rule
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Where to Go Next? Examining the Effect of Franchise Expansion and Location on Game-Level Attendance in Major League Soccer Journal of Sports Economics (IF 1.848) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Dirk Semmelroth, Bernd Frick, Robert Simmons, Hojun Sung
Using a large dataset with over 4,000 game-level observations from Major League Soccer over the period 2006 to 2019 we investigate the determinants of attendance demand. Focusing on franchise expansion and location effects, we find that some decisions made by the organization had positive impacts on league revenues. While going to cities with a large population and already hosting nearby NFL or NBA