-
Against the Grain? Authenticity and the Craft Alcohol Industry Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-21 Marie Sarita Gaytán, Eylül Yel
Scholars contend that craft spirit makers communicate authenticity by emphasizing their passion for and commitment to tradition and by downplaying self-interest and profit. However, the presence of large corporations has made it more difficult for consumers to distinguish “true” artisanal values and methods from imitators. The lucrative craft spirit market has exposed the susceptibility of authenticity
-
Environmental Sociology is Running Late: Catching Up in a Faltering World Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Harvey Molotch
Past opportunities for developing an environmental sociology were passed up. Now the need is both intellectually and politically urgent to move forward.
-
The Moral Work of Participation: Disillusio, Expertise, and Urban Planning Under Neoliberalism Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-08 Hillary Angelo, Gianpaolo Baiocchi
How do urban professionals morally orient themselves toward their work to transform the built environment? Contemporary urban planning is a field that is defined by both a strong ethos of equity and social reform and a widely shared realization that the profession itself is relatively powerless. The question of whether justice can be planned, and whether exercises in planning can ever achieve just
-
Ad Hoc Adaptations to Climate Change in Coastal Communities Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-06 Brianna Castro
-
Environmental Authenticity: Constructing Nature in Postindustrial Parks Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Kevin Loughran
If nature is socially constructed, how do cultural producers construct it? Few social spaces materialize social constructions of nature as powerfully and as directly as parks, which represent cultural beliefs about nature’s form and function. This paper considers how landscape architects and other social actors involved in creating contemporary urban park landscapes think about nature and decide how
-
What Is Sociological About Environmental Sociology?: Qualitative Methods in an Era of Rapid Environmental Change Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Max Besbris
This special issue aims to display the breadth and depth of qualitative studies of the environment. In terms of breadth, the work here demonstrates that sociology should have a capacious definition of the environment and treat it with the same scrutiny as other folk concepts. Doing so—with the caveat that individual studies need to carefully operationalize ‘the environment’—reveals how a sociology
-
A Rapidly Changing Ecology of Aid: Accepting Help and Stigma in the Aftermath of Disaster Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-13 Anna Rhodes, Max Besbris
Drawing on the human ecology framework, which describes social structure as dynamic and social action as environmentally contingent, this article examines behavior and attitudes around accepting help after disaster. Through two years of longitudinal in-depth interviews with 59 households in one community whose homes flooded during Hurricane Harvey, this study describes perceived shifts in the help
-
Getting In: Status Stratification and the Pursuit of the Good College Party Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-31 Ashley Mears, Heather Mooney
How do social hierarchies emerge from symbolic boundaries? Based on an ethnography of a college party scene, we consider “Who parties with whom” as a way to trace the micro-interactional bases of status stratification. Based on field observations and 60 interviews with college women and men in Boston, USA, we identify two main modes of partying: “crawling” and “climbing.” Crawling is the search for
-
Hyping the Hypothetical: Talk and Temporality in US Supreme Court Oral Arguments Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-05-27 David R. Gibson
-
Designing Better Access to Education? Unified Enrollment, School Choice, and the Limits of Algorithmic Fairness in New Orleans School Admissions Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-27 Maria Akchurin, Gabriel Chouhy
-
Civic Opportunities and Democratic Practices in Yemen and Libya after the Arab Spring Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Dana M. Moss, Clare Bath
-
Gang Rule(s): Towards a Political Economy of Youth Gang Dynamics in Nicaragua Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Dennis Rodgers
This article explores the longitudinal dynamics of youth gang transformation in urban Nicaragua. On the basis of an overview of successive gang iterations that have emerged over the past 30 years in barrio Luis Fanor Hernández, a poor neighborhood in Managua, the capital city of Nicaragua, the article identifies key elements for the articulation of a political economy of both change and stability.
-
Labor Borders: Recruitment of Central American Migrants in “Exodus” through Southern Mexico and Indigenous Mexican “Braceros” in the Californian Fields Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Anna Mary Garrapa
The article proposes the concept of “labor border” to explore the evolution of migration policies in the Central America-Mexico-USA region by investigating the dimension of work, through two case studies: (1) the US H-2A program for the temporary recruitment of foreign agricultural workers from Mexico; and subsequently (2) the Mexican regularization programs with temporary labor opportunity, implemented
-
Re-Thinking Demographic Engineering Practices: New Insights from the Case of the Indian Emergency State (1975–77) Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Sourabh Singh
In this article, I claim that demographic engineering scholarship cannot adequately explain the production of demographic engineering practices because they suffer from two classic limitations of state theory: (1) assuming the political elite to be the sole producers of the state practices, and (2) treating the state as an actor. Following the latest theoretical insights on the complex ontology of
-
A Source, a Detail, an Explanation Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Manolo E. Vela Castañeda
-
Sociology from a Distance: Remote Interviews and Feminist Methods Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Jamie O’Quinn, Erika Slaymaker, Jess Goldstein-Kral, Kathleen Broussard
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of life, including how social scientists develop and conduct research. Transitioning to remote interview methods was one methodological adjustment made by many qualitative researchers. In this article, we draw on in-depth interviews (N=106) and fieldnotes from three qualitative research projects conducted remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic, all of which
-
The Assemblage and Dismantling of Access Barriers in Administrative Bureaucracies: Constructing the Problem of Diversity in the German Welfare State Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Martin Petzke
-
Collective Action, Democratization, and Violence: Dynamics of Anti-Kurdish Riots in Turkey Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Sefika Kumral
-
Relational Brokerage: Interaction and Valuation in Two Markets Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Hannah Wohl, Max Besbris
Across various markets, consumers rely on brokers to help them select goods. How do brokers shape consumers’ valuation? We address this question by drawing from two independent but analogous ethnographies of brokerage and purchasing in the New York housing market and the New York art market. Building upon the relational turn in economic sociology, we identify the interlocking mechanisms by which brokers
-
“I Was Open to Anywhere, It’s Just This Was Easier:” Social Structure, Location Preferences, and the Geographic Concentration of Elite College Graduates Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Robert Manduca
Over the past 40 years, college graduates in the USA have become increasingly concentrated in a small number of cities. This paper uses qualitative interviews to explore the processes bringing recent graduates of elite universities to one such city, metropolitan Boston, after graduation. Most respondents reported that their move to Boston was not driven by a clear preference for living there. Rather
-
“But Everything Else, I Learned Online”: School-Based and Internet-Based Sexual Learning Experiences of Heterosexual and LGBQ + Youth Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Joshua Gamson, Rosanna Hertz
-
Interview Location as Data Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Andrea Leverentz
While there is extensive literature on researcher positionality and other aspects of qualitative and ethnographic research, interview location is more commonly discussed as a place to collect data than as a source of data. This paper addresses how interview location can provide valuable insights into the interview participant and the interview topics. In it, I draw on interviews that I collected as
-
“It Was, Ugh, It Was So Gnarly. And I Kept Going”: The Cultural Significance of Scars in the Workplace Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Ellen T. Meiser
Centering on the symbolic meanings of unintended work-related scars in occupational settings, this article examines how in certain professions scars produced through painful mistakes are leveraged into workplace advantage. This finding—derived from body-anchored interviews with commercial chefs and cooks (n = 50) and embodied ethnography of a casual restaurant-bar in the USA—is counterintuitive, as
-
Urban Marginality, Neighborhood Dynamics, and the Illicit Drug Trade in Mexico City Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-02 Roger Guy, Piotr A. Chomczyński
This article explores independent street-level drug dealers in the socially and economically marginalized neighborhood of Tepito in Mexico City. Research presented here is based on ongoing ethnographic work, and in-depth biographical interviews with drug dealers involved strictly in marijuana sales (17), those offering multiple illicit substances (39), and community members (8) in a neighborhood historically
-
Conflict and Co-Specialization on Calle Cuatro: How Placemakers Navigate Ethnic Branding Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Janet Muñiz
Placemaking accounts for multiple strategies used by communities to address their central concerns to create vibrant areas for people to live and connect with each other. Placemakers are the individuals who lead projects into action around development of communities that they often hold individual interest in as residents, business owners, and city leaders. Placemakers with financial stake in an area—business
-
To Empower or Safeguard? How Novice Rape and Domestic Violence Victim Advocates Render Institutional Complexity Visible Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Benjamin R. Weiss
Organizational life is patterned by shared meanings and practices known as “institutional logics.” Often, multiple logics exist within the same organization in a potentially tense state of “institutional complexity.” Extensive research examines how organizational elites and professionals (i.e., “experts”) manage this complexity by replacing, combining, or segregating contradictory logics. However,
-
“You Can’t Punish People for the Rest of Their Life for Something that They Learned from, and Changed from:” Collateral Consequences, Inclusion, and Narratives of Responsibility Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 Alec C. Ewald
This article contributes to the study of carceral citizenship in the United States by offering one of the first academic efforts to appraise the opinions of people with criminal records about “collateral consequences,” the civil restrictions attached to convictions. In thirty-two extended interviews with people visiting a reentry-support organization in New York City, participants were asked what they
-
Isolation and Interaction in Temporary Agricultural Labor Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 David Trouille
This article examines how isolation and the seasonality of employment both constrain and enable agricultural guest workers’ contact with outsiders. While the H-2A visa program can render foreign workers invisible and immobile—and thus more easily exploited and mistreated—a group of temporary Mexican apple pickers in northwest Virginia generated resources, transportation, and assistance well beyond
-
Hybrid Imbalance: Collaborative Fabrication of Digital Teaching and Learning Material Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Torsten Cress, Herbert Kalthoff
-
A Social Phenomenon of Risk Perception: Saskatchewan Firefighters on the Yarnell Hill Fire Fatalities Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-17 Robert I. Scott
Although researchers have indicated how “environmental” factors can influence organizations and their “risk systems,” few have examined the influence of globalization on risk systems. Drawing on Saskatchewan firefighters’ responses to the 2013 Yarnell Hill Fire fatalities, this paper demonstrates the impact of globalization on risk perceptions in risk systems. Analysis of interview data shows how information
-
Risky Ties and Taxing Ties: The Multiple Dimensions of Negativity Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-10 Joseph Wallerstein
Scholarship on negative social ties typically portrays them as distinct liabilities and optimal candidates for excision from social networks. I argue that this premise is based on a short-sighted understanding of what it means for social ties to be negative. In particular, negativity as a trait of social ties has multiple dimensions, such that ties can be negative in a relatively objective sense (that
-
The Limits of the Law: Women, Violence, and Legal Ambivalence in Nicaragua Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-18 Pamela Neumann
This article analyzes the experiences of Nicaraguan women victims of domestic violence as a lens for developing a theoretical concept I term legal ambivalence. I define legal ambivalence as the process by which women experience hesitancy or reluctance about if, when, and how to pursue legal claims in response to situations of relationship violence. Drawing on eight months of ethnographic fieldwork
-
Reframing the Community: How and Why Member Participation Shifts in the Face of Change Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Krystal Laryea
-
Black and Jewish: “Double Consciousness” Inspired a Qualitative Interactional Approach that Centers Race, Marginality, and Justice Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 Waverly Duck, Anne Rawls
Classic theoretical arguments by seven Black and Jewish sociologists—informed by their experience of “double-consciousness”—comprise an important legacy in sociology. Approaches that ignore the role of racism and slavery in the rise of Western societies suppress and distort this legacy in favor of a White Christian Hero narrative. By contrast, Durkheim, a Jewish sociologist, took Roman enslaved and
-
My Home Quarantine on an App: A Qualitative Visual Analysis of Changes in Family Routines During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-22 Juan Pablo Pinilla, José Antonio Román Brugnoli, Daniela Leyton Legües, Ana Vergara del Solar
-
“Welcome to the Revolution”: Promoting Generational Renewal in Argentina’s Ni Una Menos Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-20 Elisabeth Jay Friedman, Ana Laura Rodríguez Gustá
-
The Micro-Foundations of Predictable Stability: How Multigenerational Achievement Informs Upper-Middle-Class Parenting Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 Janice Aurini, Roger Pizarro Milian, Rod Missaghian
Drawing on interviews with upper-middle-class parents in a large North-eastern city, we examine how “predictable stability” informs their assessment of downward mobility risks for their children. In contrast to anxiety and a ‘fear of falling,’ multigenerational achievement allows these parents to assume that their children will realize education and career success and a comfortable standard of living
-
“Horrible Slime Stories” When Serving Victims: The Labor of Role-taking and Secondary Trauma Exposure Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-14 Anne Groggel
The emotional and psychological consequences associated with providing services to traumatized others have been well established with extant scholarship highlighting these workers’ susceptibility to vicarious trauma and secondary traumatic stress. But less is known about the underlying interactional processes by which symptoms of secondary trauma emerge. This research investigates the consequences
-
Privileged but not in Power: How Asian American Tech Workers use Racial Strategies to Deflect and Confront Race and Racism Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-10 Tiffany Y. Chow
Research on tech workers has often focused on racial inequalities within the industry but has failed to seriously consider Asian American professionals as racialized subjects. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by centering Asian Americans as workers whose racial identity impacts their career trajectory and professional experiences in the high-tech industry. Based on 57 interviews with Asian American
-
An Interpretive Approach to Religious Ambiguities around Medical Innovations: The Spanish Catholic Church on Organ Donation and Transplantation (1954–2014) Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-06 Rebeca Herrero Sáenz
-
Making Babies Pay Rent: Race Suicide, and the Subsidization of Whiteness Through Rental Housing Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-02 Robin Bartram
Research demonstrates that, since the beginning of contemporary US cities, the rental market has been a site of regulation and material disadvantage for residents racialized as non-White. We know much less, however, about the other side of the coin: rental housing and those racialized as White. In this paper, I use the panic over race suicide in the early twentieth century – the perceived decline in
-
Pathways to Mobility: Family and Education in the Lives of Latinx Youth Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-29 Leah Schmalzbauer, Manuel Rodriguez
In the context of US higher education, the collective advancement of low-income youth, especially youth of color, has been limited. Latinxs are faring the worst, with the lowest college graduation rates when compared to Blacks, whites and Asian Americans. Yet, while collective mobility stagnates a growing number of Latinx youth are finding their way into elite colleges and universities. In this paper
-
“It’s the Seeing and Feeling”: How Embodied and Conceptual Knowledges Relate in Pipeline Engineering Work Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-20 Sarah Maslen, Jan Hayes
-
“I Want to Get on the Next Bus and Leave This City Now”: A Study of Violence and Deportation on the Texas-Tamaulipas Border Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Bertha Alicia Bermúdez Tapia
-
Code Ethnography and the Materiality of Power in Internet Governance Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-08-30 Fernanda R. Rosa
-
“I don’t know what’s racist”: White Invisibility Among Explicitly Color-conscious Volunteers Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-08-06 Matthew Jerome Schneider
Americans are increasingly aware of structural racial disadvantages, and especially aware of Black disadvantage. In turn, this paper asks to what degree do whites interested in undermining systems of oppression and privilege understand their own place within those systems (if at all)? Based on participant observation of four grassroots organizations serving the unhoused and 30 semi-structured interviews
-
Exploring Social Media Contexts for Cultivating Connected Learning with Black Youth in Urban Communities: The Case of Dreamer Studio Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Jabari M. Evans
Using the Connected Learning framework as a conceptual lens, this study utilizes digital ethnographic methods to explore outcomes of a Hip-Hop Based Education program developed to provide music related career pathways for Chicago youth. Using the narratives of the participants within the program, I draw on participant observation online and in-depth interviews collected to explore the link between
-
Latency and Crisis: Mutual Aid Activism in the Covid-19 Pandemic Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Elisabetta Ferrari
Activists have responded to the Covid-19 pandemic by organizing for mutual aid: creating collective action to meet people’s material needs and build ties of solidarity. I examine the difficulties encountered by mutual aid activists during the pandemic through Alberto Melucci’s notions of latency and collective identity. Through digital ethnographic observations of the Instagram accounts of mutual aid
-
Ethnography Upgraded Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Mario L. Small
The basic practice of ethnography has essentially remained unchanged in hundreds of years. How has online life changed things? I contrast two transformative inventions, the telephone and the internet, with respect to their impact on fieldwork. I argue that our current era has created entirely new constraints and opportunities for ethnographic research.
-
How Social Media Use Mitigates Urban Violence: Communication Visibility and Third-Party Intervention Processes in Digital Urban Contexts Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Jeffrey Lane, Forrest Stuart
There is growing alarm among the media and public that digital social media amplify the frequency and severity of urban violence. Contrary to popular imagination, however, emerging research suggests that social media may just as readily offer novel tools for informal social control and de-escalation. Toward building an empirically grounded theory of urban violence in the digital age, we examine a key
-
Do I Know You? Managing Offline Interaction in Acquainted Stranger Relationships Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 Tyler Baldor
Sociology has a long history of analyzing relationships between strangers in everyday life. The ubiquity of social media and mobile technologies, however, necessitates refined theories of how people relate to and interact with strangers in a social world where online and offline contexts are intertwined. This study examines public encounters between acquainted strangers, a type of connection fostered
-
Convivial Quarantines: Cultivating Co-presence at a Distance Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 Nicholas Bascuñan-Wiley, Michaela DeSoucey, Gary Alan Fine
Sociology’s focus on sociality and co-presence has long oriented studies of commensality—the social dimension of eating together. This literature commonly prioritizes face-to-face interactions and takes physical proximity for granted. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 largely halted in-person gatherings and altered everyday foodways. Consequently, many people turned to digital commensality
-
Diagnosis as Subculture: Subversions of Health and Medical Knowledges in the Orthorexia Recovery Community on Instagram Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-27 Amy A. Ross Arguedas
-
Digital Ethnography for Sociology: Craft, Rigor, and Creativity Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-16 Jeffrey Lane, Jessa Lingel
This special issue gathers empirical papers that develop and employ digital ethnographic methods to answer core sociological questions related to community, culture, urban life, violence, activism, professional identity, health, and sociality. Each paper, in its own right, offers key sociological insights, and as a collection, this special issue demonstrates the need to bring ethnographic methods to
-
Collective Memory and Collective Forgetting: A Comparative Analysis of Second-Generation Somali and Tamil Immigrants and Their Stance on Homeland Politics and Conflict Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-05-13 Sandra M. Bucerius, Sara K. Thompson, David T. Dunford
The concept of collective memory derived from Maurice Halbwachs’ (1925) seminal work can serve as an excellent analytical tool to understand the integration processes of diaspora groups. In this article, we examine how a diaspora’s social standing vis-à-vis the “host country” combines with relationships to the “home country” and their stance towards their respective “homeland conflict” to develop collective
-
“Hurry up and wait”: Stigma, Poverty, and Contractual Citizenship Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-04-26 Katherine L. Mott
The emergence of welfare contractualism in the United States in the 1970s marked a shift from viewing welfare as an entitlement to viewing welfare as a right to be earned through work. Combined with the continual degradation of labor markets since the 1970s, the rise of neoliberal ideology emphasizing individualism, and the passage of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation
-
‘It Isn't Charity because We've Paid into it’: Social Citizenship and the Moral Economy of Welfare Recipients in the Wake of 2012 UK Welfare Reform Act Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-02-10 Darren Thiel
Drawing on interviews with welfare claimants living in Essex, UK, this article examines the material and symbolic effects of the UK government’s 2012 Welfare Reform Act, and it highlights the participants’ interpretations of and responses to that. In reaction to their sense of material and symbolic exclusion, participants made moral claims for their inclusion through a notion of social citizenship
-
How Place Matters for Migrants’ Socio-Legal Experiences: Local Reasoning about the Law and the Importance of Becoming a “Moral Insider” Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-01-28 Noemi Casati, Silvia Pasquetti
In this article, we argue that migrants’ socio-legal experiences in the places where they settle are formed in interaction with how local residents morally reason about the law. Specifically, based on nine months of fieldwork in an impoverished Italian town, we argue that aligning with how local residents approach the law, including when they justify disobeying it, matters a great deal for migrants’
-
Sticking to it or Opting for Alternatives: Managing Contested Work Identities in Nonstandard Work Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2022-01-19 Eli R. Wilson, David Schieber
Research shows that people who face stigmatized work identities attempt to reconfigure their employment more positively, such as by concealing their involvement with their jobs or reframing the value of it. Yet, in an era of rising nonstandard work, how might managing work identities also involve managing multiple jobs across fluid employment contexts? We draw insights from two cases of nonstandard
-
When Global Scripts Do Not Resonate: International Minority Rights and Local Repertoires of Diversity in Southern Turkey Qualitative Sociology (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2021-12-27 Zeynep Ozgen, Matthias Koenig
Under what conditions do global scripts resonate among ordinary people? Neo-institutional world polity theory has tended to sideline this question by privileging macro-comparative explanations of states’ adoption and social movement activists’ framing of global scripts. Adopting a negative case approach, we draw on concepts from cultural sociology to explain why global scripts fail to resonate among