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Indian Ocean Internationalisms: The Sri Lankan Pursuit of Peace, 1971–89 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Niro Kandasamy
In 1971 the Sri Lankan Prime Minister tabled the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace at the 26th United Nations General Assembly, marking the state's international debut at the global stage. This article analyses the trajectory of this highly significant initiative in the context of rapidly evolving political instabilities within Sri Lanka and across the Indian Ocean region. It argues that Sri Lanka's
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The State, the Police and Political Violence: A Case-Study Before Spanish Civil War (1936) Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2024-04-02 Manuel Álvarez Tardío
This article deals with the management of public order during a crucial period of Spain's twentieth-century democratization process. A regional case-study is employed in order to analyse the detail of political violence and gain a clearer understanding of both the participants and the role of the police and the civil governor. It is based on an exhaustive database containing all the episodes of violence
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Introduction: The Waste of Conflict. The Conflicts of Waste Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Iris Borowy, Viktor Pal, Carl Zimring
Throughout human history, people have always produced waste, but during the last century, this has shown explosive growth. Globally, a combination of rising incomes, urbanization, the development of new, cheap materials, and changing lifestyles have driven the growth of products that were designed to be used for only limited periods of time producing a totally unprecedented amount and variety of waste
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‘This Is Orders’: The Santo Pietro Massacres and the Failure of American Military Justice Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Nathaniel Marshell
On 14 July 1943, soldiers of the Oklahoma Army National Guard's 1st Battalion, 180th Infantry Regiment brutally murdered more than 70 German and Italian prisoners of war in two separate incidents in the vicinity of the Santo Pietro Airfield near the village of Santo Pietro di Caltagirone, Sicily. These killings, erroneously known as the ‘Biscari Massacre,’ stand as some of the most brutal atrocities
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The Viceroyalty of General Queipo de Llano in Seville During the Spanish Civil War: A Dialectic of Violence and Destitution Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Rúben Leitão Serém
This article reappraises General Queipo de Llano's authoritarian rule in Seville during the Spanish Civil War (1936–9). Queipo's murderous regime has long attracted scholarly attention, but very li...
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Nudging the Ship in the Right Direction: United States Public Diplomacy and Development in 1960s Spain Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2023-04-17 Óscar J. Martín García
In the early 1960s, Franco's Spain began to experience a rapid process of economic growth, which was encouraged by US diplomacy as it would underpin the stability required by the US defence program...
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Making Sense of Catastrophe: Experiencing and Remembering the Kazakh Famine in a Comparative Context Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2023-02-22 Mehmet Volkan Kaşıkçı
The Kazakh Famine of 1930–3 is one of the least-known tragedies of the twentieth century even though it took 1.5 million lives. Although more than three decades of scholarship have provided substan...
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Working Out a Sustainable Diet: The Contested Ethics of Food Consumption in the Netherlands, 1960–85 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2023-02-08 Jon Verriet, Peter van Dam
From the 1960s onwards, the sustainability of the modern diet became a topic of fierce discussion in industrialised societies. Vocal critics proposed radical alternatives to the prevailing modes of...
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Conflicted Afterlives: Managing Wehrmacht Fallen Soldiers in the Soviet Occupation Zone and GDR Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2023-02-05 Laura Tradii
In the last months of the Second World War, as the Red Army approached Berlin, the Wehrmacht suffered catastrophic losses, resulting in thousands of war graves on East German soil. In the aftermath...
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Darkling Ventures: Conserving and Recasting War Heritage in Japan Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Jung-Sun Han
This article investigates aspects of heritage and atrocity by bringing the Japanese case into focus. The dissonant nature of such dark cultural heritage has gained greater attention since the late ...
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Jews as Non-Aryans: The Vatican's Ambivalent Embrace of Fascist Italy's Racialization of Jews Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 David I. Kertzer, Roberto Benedetti
In the summer of 1938, Italy's Fascist regime announced its new ‘racial’ policy, soon to be followed by a series of draconian racial laws. The policy was based on the principle that Catholic Italia...
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The Representation of the British Government in Zimbabwean Nationalist Propaganda, 1965–80 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-11-15 Hugh Pattenden
This article explores the ways in which the two main African nationalist opposition groups in Rhodesia portrayed Britain in their media output. It uses a variety of sources, including newspapers, m...
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Anti-Inflationary Commitment in the Post-Bretton Woods Era: Italy's Road to Stability-Oriented Monetary Policies, 1975–81 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-11-13 Roberto Ventresca
This article focuses on the historical reasons, and the main political implications of Italy's anti-inflationary commitment between the mid-1970s and the early-1980s. This study examines the broade...
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Blowing Against the Winds of Change: Settlers Facing Decolonization in Eritrea, 1941–52 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-11-10 Emanuele Ertola
The literature on decolonization in settler contexts is characterized by an almost exclusive focus on the Anglo-French world, and by a marked emphasis on violence as the predominant feature of the ...
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Spreading the Culture of Economic Growth: Productivity Missions and the Americanization of the German Economy Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Jan Stöckmann
This paper examines how the Marshall Plan stimulated a culture of economic growth in postwar Germany, specifically through an international exchange programme known as ‘productivity missions’. From...
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One Voice Many Languages, Colonial Radio in India Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-09-22 Indira Baptista Gupta
Languages knit people together, but at All India Radio we witness the reverse trajectory. Radio's first 20 years, 1927–47, coinciding with the last 20 of British rule, saw the subcontinent's kaleid...
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From Multiracialism to Africanization? Race, Politics, and Sport in Decolonizing Kenya Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Kara Moskowitz
Throughout the 1950s, colonial Kenya experimented with multiracial governance – maintaining separate racial identities and instituting group political representation – as a strategy for protecting ...
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The French Press in Wartime London, 1940–4: From the Politics of Exile to Inter-Allied Relations Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Iain Stewart
This article examines the history of the French press that was based in London during the Second World War, focusing on its contribution to political debates of and about French exile, its relation...
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Introduction: Biomedicine in Contemporary History Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-09-06 Axel Jansen, Claudia Roesch
While historians have analyzed and discussed the fragmentation of life in transatlantic societies by focusing on economics, law, or politics, we propose that a focus on biomedicine in the period si...
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Irish Republicanism, the Threat of Political Violence and the National/Border Security Nexus in Australia Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 Evan Smith, Anastasia Dukova
As the conflict in Northern Ireland heightened in the early 1970s, the Australian authorities became worried that political violence might spread amongst the Irish communities in Australia. Coming at a time when there was a concern about political extremism and violence linked to overseas conflicts, such as the Palestinian struggle in the Middle East and the anti-communist opposition to Yugoslavia
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The Hijacking of El Al Flight 426: The Advent of Air Terrorism Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 Dan Porat
On 23 July 1968, The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacked El Al flight 426 en route from Italy to Israel and diverted it to Algeria. Scholars largely agree this act marked an important milestone in modern international terrorism and especially in the advent of air terrorism. Yet to date, no one has studied in depth the events as they unfolded in different world capitals, along with
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Liminal Liberalism? Ivan Kats, the Congress for Cultural Freedom, and the Obor Foundation in Cold War Indonesia Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-06-26 Giles Scott-Smith
The story of the Obor Foundation is important for several reasons. Firstly, it covers the contribution of an up-till-now largely overlooked Western philanthropic enterprise to promote a cohesive national cultural identity for Indonesia in the wake of the fall of Sukarno. Secondly, Obor was an attempt to move beyond previous Cold War efforts to spread liberal ideas globally, most notably by the Congress
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Pregnant Women, HIV, and Clinical Research to Prevent Perinatal Transmission in the 1990s Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-06-26 Sarah B. Rodriguez
In 1994, American and French AIDS research showed that the drug AZT reduced the risk of HIV transmission from a pregnant HIV-positive woman to her fetus (perinatal transmission). Hailed as a breakthrough, the AIDS Clinical Trial Group protocol 076 (ACTG 076) soon became the standard of care in the US But ACTG 076 was too expensive for low-income countries where perinatal transmission rates were high;
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Un-British No More: Torture and Interrogation by Britain in Germany, 1945–1954 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 Artemis Joanna Photiadou
Among the thousands of camps Britain operated in the twentieth century were some that gained a notorious reputation for how they treated prisoners. Such places were often seen as aberrations within their individual contexts. Their recurrence across different places and times – including in Aden, Cyprus, and Northern Ireland – nonetheless renders it difficult to dismiss them as mere anomalies. This
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Incompetence or Ingenuity? Why Did Nazi Germany Not Seek Closer Wartime Economic Cooperation with Italy? Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-05-22 Jonas Scherner
This article sheds light on why there was, and why Nazi Germany pursued, only comparatively little economic cooperation between the two most important axis partners, Italy and Germany, during the Second World War. In particular, the article looks more closely at the two countries’ cooperation in terms of raw materials, crucial to the war economy: why did Germany not deliver more raw materials to Italy
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Escape From the Cold War: Planning Civilian Evacuation from British-Occupied Germany, 1946–55 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-05-18 Grace Huxford
Evacuations, imagined as well as actual, reflect national strategic preoccupations, cultural assumptions and prevailing social values; they also reveal practical strengths and weaknesses in international relationships and in states’ interactions with their own citizens, at home and abroad. But evacuations are deeply symbolically significant too and grounded in far longer, intertwined social and strategic
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Mariquitas, ‘Marvellous Race Created by God’: The Judicial Prosecution of Homosexuality in Francoist Andalusia, 1955–70 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-05-17 Javier Fernández Galeano
This article argues that the mariquita's subjectivity became a prevalent trope when individuals were prosecuted under charges of homosexuality in Franco's Spain. The mariquita was a liminal homosexual male who was expected to be family-oriented, devout, and involved in flamenco culture and Catholic festivals. I focus on judicial records to underscore the mariquita trope as a popular strategy for questioning
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A Hard Sell: The Nazi Film Ohm Krüger in Wartime France Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-05-20 Brett Bowles, Roel Vande Winkel
Historians of the Third Reich generally view Ohm Krüger (Hans Steinhoff, 1940), an anti-British historical drama set during the Boer War, as a triumph of Nazi propaganda, yet the film's distribution and reception in German-occupied territories have never been studied in depth. By offering a detailed comparison between the German original and a substantively reedited, French-dubbed version produced
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A Contested Pill: Transnational Controversies over Medical Abortion in Germany, France, and the United States Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 Claudia Roesch
In 1988, French pharmaceutical company Roussel Uclaf introduced Mifepristone (RU 486), a pill which medically induces abortion, but withdrew the drug one month later after severe protests. The abortion pill caused transnational controversies from 1988 to 1993. This article examines these controversies as a gateway to the entanglements between biomedical research, economic interests, and social protests
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Editorial Statement Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-21 Richard J. Evans, Mary Neuburger
The Editors of the Journal of Contemporary History wish to affirm their unreserved condemnation of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the devastating bombardment of civilian targets in Ukrainian towns and cities. We stand in support of the people of Ukraine at this dark moment in their history. At the same time, we wish to express our support for the joint statement of the American Association of
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Patterns of Silence: French Witnesses of Nazi Crimes in Occupied Ukraine Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-14 Paula Chan
Literature on the Soviet treatment of the Holocaust is riddled with generalizations about a conspiracy of silence, as opposed to the sacred status the genocide came to hold in ‘the West.’ Yet what scholars have interpreted as the ‘Western’ response has been mainly limited to initiatives emerging from countries that did not experience occupation during World War II. This article examines French prisoners
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Development as Gender Equity: Women's Advocacy and Cancer Control at the Pan-American Health Organization, 1980–2000 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-13 Raúl Necochea López
Women's advocates’ strategies to influence international health agencies offer a new way to think about development. This article deals with the vibrant growth of women's health initiatives at the Pan-American Health Organization during Latin America's financially turbulent years from the 1980s through the 1990s. The multi-faceted nature of this process was especially apparent in the case of cervical
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Shared Principles? German Responses to American Bioethics Since the 1970s Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-12 Mathias Schütz
Since its inception in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the academic discipline of bioethics has profoundly shaped the professional and public assessments of biomedicine. A universalistic approach preferred by American bioethicists and challenges posed by modern biomedicine created a transatlantic moment for ethical theories and practices. This article will discuss the transfer of bioethical knowledge
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‘Appeasement Gone Mad’: The Riga Ghetto Case and the Politics of British War Crimes Trials Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-07 Samuel Miner
This article examines the British Foreign Office decision to abandon a British-run war crimes trial after the Second World War against suspected perpetrators of the Holocaust in Latvia and the efforts of a Holocaust survivors’ organization to seek justice. Faced with repeated inquiries from The Association of Baltic Jews in Great Britain and their parliamentary allies, the Foreign Secretary Ernest
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The Aborted ICT-CITEC Agreement: Causes of the Failure of Anglo-French Information Technology Cooperation in 1965 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-07 Laureen Kuo
This article, using French information technology archives, is the first to describe attempted Anglo-French cooperation in information technology in 1965. This episode is often overlooked when discussing information technology cooperation cases in European countries. Moreover, the article further explores the main causes of the breakdown of negotiations. The breakdown was due to France's reversal of
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Book Review: A Brief History of Fascist Lies by Federico Finchelstein Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Roger Eatwell
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The UN and the Colonial World: New Questions and New Directions Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Giusi Russo
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Book Review: Inventing the Myth: Political Passions and the Ulster Protestant Imagination by Connal Parr Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Marc Mulholland
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Book Review: The August Trials: The Holocaust and Postwar Justice in Poland by Andrew Kornbluth Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Ewa Stańczyk
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Book Review: Dying for the Nation: Death, Grief and Bereavement in Second World War Britain by Lucy Noakes Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Jacinta Mallon
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The Will of the Führer? Financing Construction for the 1936 Olympics Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-02-03 Darren M. O’Byrne, Christopher Young
This article examines how construction for the 1936 Olympic Games was funded. Based on a range of previously untapped sources, it fills an important gap in the literature by examining how the Nazi regime financed signature infrastructure projects like the Olympic Stadium and the German Sports Forum, which together hosted most major sporting events during the Games. It also challenges the Nazi propaganda
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Cultural Intervention in the Spanish Civil War: A Comparative Analysis of Nazi and Fascist Propaganda Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Mercedes Peñalba-Sotorrío
This article analyses Fascist and Nazi propaganda during the Spanish Civil War, asking how both nations exploited the conflict and how they interacted with each other and the emerging Francoist state. In so doing, the article highlights the propagandistic value of Nazi-fascist cultural policy and sheds light on the development of the Nazi-fascist alliance. It shows how despite Italy being in many ways
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Burden of Proof: The Debate Surrounding Aerotoxic Syndrome Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-28 Stephen E. Mawdsley
Since the 1980s, some commercial airline pilots and flight crews in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia began to report an illness they believed was caused by exposure to contaminated cabin air. Despite a body of scientific research and health activism calling for this condition, termed Aerotoxic Syndrome (AS), to be classified an occupational illness, it has not been accepted as a clinical
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Challenging the Argentine Melting Pot: Peronism, Hispanidad, and Cultural Diversity Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Raanan Rein
On 12 October 1947, Argentine President, Juan Domingo Perón, used the events of the Hispanidad Day to extoll the Spanish heritage in Latin America. Within a few years, however, Perón well understood the futility of using Hispanidad as the basis of a new national consciousness for the Argentine immigrant society. Instead, he opted for a corporative mode of political representation under the aegis of
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Book Review: A People Betrayed: A History of Corruption, Political Incompetence and Social Division in Modern Spain, 1874-2018 by Paul Preston Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 David Brydan
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Book Review: The Color of the Third Degree: Racism, Police Torture, and Civil Rights in the American South by Silvan Niedermeier Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Brandon T. Jet
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Book Review: News from Germany: The Competititon to Control World Communications, 1900-1945 by Heidi Tworek Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Frank Bösch
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Book Review: A Twentieth-Century Crusade: The Vatican’s Battle to Remake Christian Europe by Giuliana Chamedes Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Vesna Drapac
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Book Review: A Precarious Equilibrium: Human Rights and Détente in Jimmy Carter’s Soviet Policy by Umberto Tulli Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Christian Philip Peterson
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Book Review: Human Rights in Twentieth Century Australia by Jon Piccini Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Brad Simpson
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Book Review: Gateway State: Hawai’i and the Cultural Transformation of American Empire by Sarah Miller-Davenport Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Molly Geidel
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Book Review: Animosity at Bay: An Alternative History of the India-Pakistan Relationship, 1947-1952 by Pallavi Raghavan Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Saawani Raje-Byrne
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Book Review: Making the Woman Worker: Precarious Labor and the Fight for Global Standards, 1919-2019 by Eileen Boris Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Maud Anne Bracke
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Book Review: Ruin and Renewal: Civilizing Europe After World War II by Paul Betts Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Dan Stone
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Book Review: Foundations: How the Built Environment Made Twentieth Century Britain by Sam Wetherell Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Phil Child
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Book Review: Higher and Colder: A History of Extreme Physiology and Exploration by Vanessa Heggie Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Lucas Mueller
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‘Wars Begin in the Minds of Men’: Psychiatry and the Cold War Antinuclear Movement Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-12-31 Paula A. Michaels
This article analyzes the history of psychiatrists’ entwined efforts to understand the psychological effect of nuclear war’s threat and to disseminate those findings as a contribution to the antinuclear movement. The sub-specialty of ‘nuclear psychiatry’ sought: (1) to expose how avoidance, denial, and dehumanization set the conditions for the arms race and, potentially, nuclear war; (2) to explain
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Book Review: House of Government: A Saga of the Russian Revolution by Yury Slezkine Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-12-29 Christopher Read
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The Expulsion of Academic Teaching Staff from German Universities, 1933–45 Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-12-21 Michael Grüttner
In spring 1933, a political purge began in German universities, affecting around one fifth of their academic staff. This study examines the various stages of this process, uses new data to create a collective portrait of those dismissed and asks why they received so little support from their unscathed colleagues. An analysis of the reasons for their dismissal shows that approximately 80% were driven
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The Portuguese ‘New State’ and the Diffusion of Authoritarian Models in Interwar Latin America Journal of Contemporary History (IF 0.67) Pub Date : 2021-12-20 António Costa Pinto
As an authoritarian ‘gravity centre’ in the interwar period, the Portuguese New State was not the product of strong propaganda or power capacity. Its force of attraction derived, essentially, from having an international means of diffusion: important segments of the Catholic Church's organizations, its associated intellectual politicians, and particularly from having led a corporatist and authoritarian