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Impact of In-Service Implicit Bias Training: A Study of Attitudinal Changes and Intention to Apply Anti-Bias Techniques Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Tammy R. Kochel, Seyvan Nouri
Research points to implicit bias as one factor driving racial disparities in enforcement activities. Addressing implicit bias is essential to promote equity and integrity in policing and to building trust and legitimacy in communities, according to the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. However, investigations into the efficacy of implicit bias training for police are sparse. This study
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Causes of Police Officer Career Apprehension Following George Floyd Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Michael T. Rossler, Charles Scheer
Police workforce retention has become a persistent managerial concern. The public response to recent events of police misconduct have fuelled the perception that police may be seeking other career paths following the murder of George Floyd in 2020. Despite growing evidence, current research has been unable to ascertain what conditions may prompt officers to voluntarily separate from police work following
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Us Versus Them? The Problem of Cognitive Distortions in Policing Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Scott E. Wolfe, Kyle Mclean, Geoffrey P. Alpert, Jeff Rojek
The literature on cognitive distortions offers insight on why we continue to face reform challenges regarding police use of force- and citizen interaction-related outcomes. We used two studies of police officers to determine the extent to which one cognitive distortion—dichotomous thinking—was associated with problematic orientations about use of force and citizen interactions. In Study 1, we found
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A Link Between the George Floyd Incident and De-Policing: Evidence From Police Arrests Across Three Racial and Ethnic Groups Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Yan Zhang, Jihong Solomon Zhao, Chia-Hung Lin
The purpose of this study is to examine the George Floyd effect on depolicing. Police misdemeanor and felony arrests by the Houston Police Department (HPD), with these police actions serve as the primary measures of law enforcement behavior. Specifically, we break down police misdemeanor and felony arrests among Hispanic, Black, and White residents. An Interrupted Time Series Analysis model is used
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Routinising Police-Security Collaborations: A Prospective, Mixed-Methods Experiment in British Train Stations Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Barak Ariel, Allan Gregory, Luke Cronin, Benjamin Ebbs, Melanie Wiffin, Nicholas Michel
Interagency cooperation may increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness in an era of resource austerity and increased workload for both the police and their partners. Yet the effect of a strategic police-security collaboration on routine operations across multiple sites is unknown. In a controlled experiment, we introduced an interagency collaboration between state and non-state guardianships to train
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Disciplinary Sanctions for Police Misconduct: An Empirical Analysis of Sanction Severity Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Robert E. Worden, Christopher J. Harris, MoonSun Kim
The imposition of appropriate sanctions for substantiated police misconduct is important, but social science offers little evidence about whether the severity of sanctions is related to the gravity...
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Explaining Police Procedural Justice in a Democracy: An Expanded Internal-External Model Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-14 Shun-Yung Kevin Wang, Ivan Y. Sun, Yuning Wu, Fei-Lin Chen
Since procedural justice was proposed, this vein of research has gained much popularity in scholarship, empirical supports, and theoretical advancement. Yet, research on the procedural fairness wit...
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Unions, Occupational Career Change, and Gender Inequality: Using Current Population Survey Panel Data to Assess Police Wage Change Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Xiaoshuang Iris Luo, Cyrus Schleifer
A large body of literature describes the occupational gender wage gap at the national labor market level as well as in specific occupations. Yet, among those studies of within-occupational inequali...
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Using Body Worn Camera Footage to Investigate Predictors of Officer Behavior and the Outcomes of Police–Community Interactions Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-10 Lois James, Stephen James
The objective of this study was to use interval-level metrics to code a random sample of body worn camera footage from a large (N ∼ 700) municipal police department in 2019. Just over 1,100 videos ...
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The Intersection of Health and Justice: An Evaluation of Mental Health First Aid Training for Justice-involved Professionals Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-06 Christine L. Arazan, Leah Weich
Where historically justice and behavioral health professionals have functioned independently in systems that often collide, the ability to provide community behavioral health training to justice in...
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Community-Oriented Policing and Violent Crime: Evidence From the Los Angeles Community Safety Partnership Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-13 Ashley N. Muchow
Over the past decade, the Los Angeles Police Department has experimented with a unique model of community-oriented policing called the Community Safety Partnership (CSP). The program places a dedic...
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An Analysis of Police Department Crisis Communication via Social Media Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-10 Jennifer L. Steele, Nicole Blau
When police use-of-force incidents involving citizens occur, it is necessary to examine the communication post-crisis. Communication via social media is efficient and is considered a necessary tool...
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The Supply and Demand Shifts in Policing at the Start of the Pandemic: A National Multi-Wave Survey of the Impacts of COVID-19 on American Law Enforcement Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-27 Cynthia Lum, Carl Maupin, Megan Stoltz
We report the results of the only multi-wave survey of a large and geographically diverse sample of police agencies across the United States to understand the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pand...
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Dazed and Confused: Difficulties for Law Enforcement During Oregon’s Transition to a Legal Marijuana Market Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-24 Kris Henning, Mauri Matsuda, Greg Stewart
As more states legalize recreational cannabis, questions remain about the impact of this transition for police who continue to be responsible for enforcing laws governing illicit production and dis...
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Law Enforcement-Based Outreach and Treatment Referral as a Response to Opioid Misuse: Assessing Reductions in Overdoses and Costs Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-03 Ellen A. Donnelly, Daniel J. O’Connell, Madeline Stenger, Jessica Arnold, Adam Gavnik
To reduce opioid-involved overdoses, law enforcement agencies have taken proactive steps to connect people to treatment and supportive services. This study evaluates the impact of a law enforcement...
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Race and the Use of Force by Police Revisited: Post-Ferguson Findings From a Large County Police Agency Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-18 Michael R. Smith, Rob Tillyer, Robin S. Engel
This study examines racial and ethnic disparities in the use of force by the Fairfax County, VA Police Department using post-Ferguson data and after the adoption of modern training and use of force...
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Crossing the Threshold: Organizational and Community Correlates of Female and Minority Representation Among U.S. Law Enforcement Agencies Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-29 Joanna D. Frazier, Matthew C. Matusiak
The current research explores relationships between female and minority officer representation and elements of organizational structure, practices, and context (internal and external). These relati...
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A Multi-Site Study of Firearms Displays by Police at Use of Force Incidents Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-25 Timothy I. C. Cubitt, Justin Nix
The power to use force is a defining characteristic of policing, one that is accompanied by a responsibility to exercise these powers in the circumstances deemed necessary. This study analyzes data...
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“How Should the Police Let Victims Down?” The Impact of Reassurance Call-Backs by Local Police Officers to Victims of Vehicle and Cycle Crimes: A Block Randomized Controlled Trial Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-27 Ben Clark, Barak Ariel, Vincent Harinam
Most victims’ cases are not progressed through the criminal justice system, which is a phenomenon linked to low satisfaction with police performance. Little is known about how police can fairly and...
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The Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on Self-Initiated Police Encounters Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Richard R. Bennett, Brad Bartholomew, Sandra K. Baxter, Holly Champagne, Eric R. Schuler
Beginning in the summer of 2014, a series of controversial deaths in the US, often involving white officers and unarmed minority men, contributed to the growing debate about the need for increased ...
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@#%$!: The Impact of Officer Profanity on Civilians’ Perception of What Constitutes Reasonable Use of Force Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-11 M. Hunter Martaindale, William L. Sandel, Aaron Duron, J. Pete Blair
The current study was conducted to test how the presence of profane officer language during a use of force incident impacts how civilians perceive the reasonableness of the applied force. The study...
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Police Chief Culture: A View From the Top Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-13 Jason R. Ingram, Eugene A. Paoline, III, Alexis R. Rockwell, Andia M. Azimi
Prior research on police culture has focused primarily on line officers. This study examined culture at the upper administrative level by identifying a taxonomy of police chiefs based on their role...
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What Works in Police Training? Applying an Evidence-Informed, General, Ecological Model of Police Training Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-06 Tal Jonathan-Zamir, Yael Litmanovitz, Noam Haviv
Over the last decade, research on police training showed significant development. Nevertheless, the field was lacking a consistent framework based on the best available scientific evidence indicati...
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Police Resilience as a Multilevel Balance: Needs and Resources for Victim Support Officers Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Ignacio Elpidio Domínguez Ruiz, Alèxia Rué, Olga Jubany
Providing face-to-face support to victims entails one the most intense stress- and trauma-laden exchanges of law enforcement tasks, which frequently triggers long lasting negative effects on police...
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Promoting Women Police Officers: Does Exam Format Matter? Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-14 Jessica Huff, Natalie Todak
Despite decades of calls to diversify policing, women continue to be underrepresented in the field, and this problem compounds when looking up the ranks. One explanation is that police organization...
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A Longitudinal Study of Police Differential Response Team Impact on Crime in Houston: A Test of Broken Windows Thesis Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-27 Jihong Zhao, Yan Zhang
The purpose of this study is to partially test the broken windows thesis, and to evaluate the effect of Houston’s Differential Response Team (DRT) in particular at the patrol division level using c...
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“Take a Break!”: A Qualitative Study of Shift-Duty Police Officers’ On-The-Job Breaks Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Shi Min Toh, Eunae Cho
This qualitative study examined on-the-job breaks taken by shift-duty police officers. We explored the nature of on-the-job breaks among officers, their perception of these breaks as helping them t...
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Female Officers in Use-of-Force Encounters: An Examination of Potential Correlates Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-24 Hunter M. Boehme, Christi Metcalfe, Robert J. Kaminski
With the changing landscape of women in policing, the representation of female police officers has increased. However, there is limited understanding of how these encounters vary with the presence ...
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Does Police Use of Twitter Align With and Enhance Community Policing Objectives? An Analysis of the New York City Police Department’s Twitter Activity Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-23 Amanda L. Thomas, David N. Hatten, Nathan T. Connealy
Prior research has examined how social media has been integrated into law enforcement operations; however, this research has not fully explored the potential for this technology to function as an e...
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Effects of New York City’s Neighborhood Policing Policy Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Brenden Beck, Joseph Antonelli, Gabriela Piñeros
Between 2015 and 2018, New York City adopted “neighborhood policing,” an expansive policy to encourage interactions between police officers and community members. Among other changes, the initiative established hundreds of new “neighborhood-coordination” officers and gave “steady-sector” officers time away from 911 response to dedicate to resident interactions. This study evaluates the initiative’s
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Testing the Effects of a Problem-Solving Policing Strategy on Crime Outcomes: The Promise of an Integrated Approach Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-09 Brenda J. Bond-Fortier, Elias S. Nader
Police problem-solving is one of the most recognized innovations of recent decades, and evidence provides practitioners with hope in their challenges to affect crime. Yet, practitioners need more than hope as they struggle to implement and institutionalize this innovation. This paper shares the results of an integrated problem-solving intervention situated within a comprehensive approach. A Case of
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Unpacking Sequential Actions Within Use of Force Incidents Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-08 Rob Tillyer
Use of force incidents involving police officers and civilians are complex, multi-faceted, and interactional. Officer force and civilian resistance are frequently measured at their maximum level or in relation to one another. While this approach is informative, it does not fully reflect the complexity of these encounters that contain a series of sequential actions taken by both parties. These processes
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“Police Sexual Violence: A Study of Policewomen as Victims” Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-01 Angela Sands, Laurel Westerman, Jenna Prochnau, Henry Blankenau
Police sexual violence (PSV) is an understudied but critically important topic in police research. This paper uncovers and examines an extremely hidden form of PSV: sexual assaults of female police officers by male police officers. Our qualitative analysis reveals how male police officers of widely varying ranks and years of experience sexually assault female police officers. Victims reported that
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Reimagining the Use of Force by Police in a Post-Floyd Nation Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-20 Michael R. Smith
At this important juncture in American policing, this essay sets forth a framework to encourage law enforcement leaders and scholars to reconceptualize the use of force from the ground up. It begins by outlining changes needed in police culture and how police view their mandate to use force in society. It next addresses use of force policy-making and synthesizes recent reviews of the policy landscape
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Editorial Introduction Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-11 Michael R. Smith
This article serves as the editorial introduction to the special issue on Police Use of Force.
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Re-examining the Use of Force Continuum: Why Resistance is Not the Only Driver of Use of Force Decisions Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-03 Kyle McLean, Arif Alikhan, Geoffrey P. Alpert
Policing research and use of force policies have been guided by the continuum model for the past several decades. The continuum specifies a relationship between the amount of resistance a suspect presents and the amount of force that an officer should use to respond to or overcome a given level of resistance. In this paper, we show that resistance alone is an insufficient indicator of the necessity
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The Alignment Between Community Policing and the Work of School Resource Officers Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-03 Benjamin W. Fisher, Joseph McKenna, Ethan M. Higgins, Edward R. Maguire, Emily M. Homer
Despite a growing literature showing the ineffectiveness of school resource officers (SROs) for reducing school crime, their use is widespread. Some of this ineffectiveness may arise from SROs’ experiences of role conflict due to their multi-faceted roles and conflicting expectations associated with following two authority structures. Community policing (CP) may offer a unifying perspective that can
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Detectives’ Descriptions of Their Responses to Sexual Assault Cases and Victims: Assessing the Overlap Between Rape Myths and Focal Concerns Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-02 Suzanne St. George, Megan Verhagan, Cassia Spohn
Increasing just responses to sexual assault requires understanding how police perceive sexual assault cases and victims, and which legal (e.g., evidence), extralegal (e.g., suspect characteristics), and practical (e.g., convictability) concerns influence their responses in these cases. Using interview data collected in the Los Angeles Sexual Assault Study, we qualitatively analyzed 611 comments made
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Using Network Analytics to Improve Targeted Disruption of Police Misconduct Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-29 Timothy I. C. Cubitt
Research into police misconduct traditionally considers the correlates and antecedents of misconduct among individual officers, as a means of disruption or prevention. However, more recently, deviance among police has been considered through network perspectives. This study considered 7755 allegations of misconduct accrued by 1495 officers from the Baltimore Police Department between January 2015 to
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De-Escalation Training Receptivity and First-Line Police Supervision: Findings from the Louisville Metro Police Study Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-28 Robin S. Engel, Gabrielle T. Isaza, Ryan T. Motz, Hannah D. McManus, Nicholas Corsaro
Despite calls for police reform that include changes to use of force training and field supervision, evidence regarding their impact is sorely lacking. This study examines survey data collected from first-line supervisors in the Louisville (KY) Metro Police Department after department-wide de-escalation training. Presented as part of a larger randomized controlled trial study, descriptive results from
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Attrition of Police Officers With Immigrant Background Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-27 Silje Bringsrud Fekjær, Andreea Ioana Alecu
Recruiting police officers with immigrant backgrounds has a limited effect if many of these recruits leave the police service. The dropout and attrition rates among officers with immigrant backgrounds are also an important indicator of the challenges this group faces when joining the police profession. We investigated police education dropout patterns and attrition rates among police students and officers
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Police Use of Force Escalation and De-escalation: The Use of Systematic Social Observation With Video Footage Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-24 William Terrill, Laura Zimmerman
As police agencies continue to incorporate body-worn cameras, it becomes increasingly important for researchers and practitioners to explore how to best use these data to better understand patterns of suspect and police behavior. Thus, drawing on a joint project between the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers and Arizona State University, we expand on prior research demonstrating how social systematic
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Support Provided by LGBTI Police Liaison Services: An Analysis of a Survey of LGBTIQ People in Australia Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-12 Angela Dwyer, Christine E. W. Bond, Matthew Ball, Murray Lee, Thomas Crofts
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) police liaison programs were established around Australia from the late 1980s onwards to ameliorate discriminatory relationships between LGBTIQ people and police. With specialized training to better understand LGBTIQ issues, police liaison officers can provide support to LGBTIQ people as victims, offenders, or witnesses. Interestingly, very
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Gender Differences in Law Enforcement Officer Stress and Coping Strategies Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-11-25 Heidi S. Bonner, Andy Brimhall
Law enforcement officers, like many professionals, are not immune to the effect of stress on their overall health. In fact, law enforcement officers may be particularly vulnerable to these effects due to unique and sometimes traumatic stressors inherent in their work. Further, male and female officers may experience the stressors of the law enforcement profession, and the coping strategies used in
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Harm Reduction Policing: An Evaluation of Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) in San Francisco Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-11-22 Dina Perrone, Aili Malm, Erica Jovanna Magaña
In 2017, San Francisco (SF) implemented Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD), a program Beckett described as harm reduction policing. Through a process and outcome evaluation of LEAD SF, this paper demonstrates the positive impacts of harm reduction policing, on those who use drugs and/or engage in sex work. When law enforcement officers used their discretion to divert individuals into LEAD rather
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Busting Myths About Evidence-Based Policing: Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-11-07 Natalie Todak, Laura Huey
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Is a Decentralized Police Organization a Better Option in a Modern Democratic Society? A Case Study From South Korea Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-10-14 Sungil Han, Jennifer LaPrade, EuiGab Hwang
While western countries have had a decentralized policing model for many years, some countries, such as South Korea, still employ a centralized, national police department. Responding to calls for reform, South Korea launched a pilot program and implemented a more decentralized policing structure in Jeju Island in 2006. This study adds to the policing literature by offering the empirical comparison
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Police Criminality: Nature and Extent of Crimes Committed by Female Police Officers Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Francis D. Boateng, Ming-Li Hsieh, Daniel K. Pryce
Given the recent attention focusing on “bad apples” in police departments across the country, police behaviors have been the subject of considerable controversy and protest. Still, research indicates that rates of officially reported police crime are relatively low. In addition, crimes committed by female officers are largely understudied in this male-dominated workplace. Therefore, the current study
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Procedural Justice and Demographic Diversity: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Police Recruitment Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-09-26 Michael F. Aiello
Online recruitment materials are often the first encounter for individuals considering a police career. Procedural justice (PJ) theory argues that how police officers treat the public is an important predictor for future citizen cooperation. Taking steps towards becoming a police officer is a unique form of organizational cooperation. This project examined job interest for a sample of 993 respondents
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Assessing the Utility of Body-Worn Cameras for Collegiate Police Agencies Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-16 Janne E. Gaub
Nearly all scholarship on body-worn cameras (BWCs) has focused on municipal police departments, as they comprise a majority of sworn agencies. Given the unique environment of collegiate law enforcement agencies, however, it is possible that their paths to BWCs—and the benefits and challenges they experience—vary from that of more traditional agencies. Using a survey of 126 collegiate police departments
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The Impact of Social Support and Occupational Stress on Burnout in the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 Hyunin Baek, Sungil Han, Randy Seepersad
Police officers experience very stressful working environments which may lead to a range of negative outcomes including burnout. Police officers in Caribbean countries are no exception as they face demanding work conditions. Despite this, studies have paid little attention to Caribbean policing. Using data from the eight police divisions in Trinidad (N = 331 police officers), this study examined the
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Can We Really Defund the Police? A Nine-Agency Study of Police Response to Calls for Service Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-07-22 Cynthia Lum, Christopher S. Koper, Xiaoyun Wu
The protests following the killing of George Floyd in the summer of 2020 led to contentious discussions and debates in many cities about policing, with some calling to “defund the police.” However, this debate has generally proceeded without adequate research about either the scale or nature of issues that the police handle and the potential consequences of the proposed reform efforts. To respond to
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A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Academy Socialization on Police Integrity Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-07-07 Amie M. Schuck, Cara E. Rabe-Hemp
The objective of this study was to examine changes in American recruits’ perceptions of the seriousness of behaviors related to police integrity from the beginning to the end of their academy training. Using a sample of 655 recruits from multiple academies in the United States, multilevel growth models were used. The results showed that the recruits rated scales related to misconduct, code of silence
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Police Officer Use of Force Mindset and Street-Level Behavior Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-06-26 Eugene A. Paoline, III, William Terrill, Logan J. Somers
Police use of force has been the focus of a number of external assessments of the occupation for over 50 years. Recent concerns have, once again, prompted calls for additional research on the correlates of this behavior, especially as it relates to officer use of force mindset. Relying on a framework articulated as part of a use of force symposium of academics and practitioners, the current study utilizes
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“They Need More Training!” A National Level Analysis of Police Academy Basic Training Priorities Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-13 John J. Sloan III, Eugene A. Paoline III
Recurring incidents of Black citizens killed or injured during interactions with police has led to calls for “more training” of officers, including new recruits. Prior research on academy-based police recruit training has centered on evaluation and heavily relied on case studies. The current study overcomes these limitations by analyzing the structure and content of academy-based basic training using
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Who Is At-Risk? An Examination of the Likelihood and Time Variation in the Predictors of Repeated Police Misconduct Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-04-28 Christi L. Gullion, Erin A. Orrick, Stephen A. Bishopp
Increasing transparency and accountability in policing is a top priority for police administrators, community groups, academics, and many others. The internal affairs process is an accountability tool designed to hold officers and agencies accountable to the citizens they serve, yet very little is known about the effect of internal investigative units on such outcomes as subsequent complaints and temporal
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Women and Policing: An Assessment of Factors Related to the Likelihood of Pursuing a Career as a Police Officer Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-04-17 Vanessa M. Diaz, Lidia E. Nuño
Law enforcement is still considered a male dominated occupation resulting in the underrepresentation of women in sworn personnel positions. While it is critical for police departments to have a more representative police force, there is a lack of research on the factors that affect the likelihood of women entering policing. Past studies suggest that men and women have similar reasons for joining policing
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Is There a Civilizing Effect on Citizens? Testing the Pre-Conditions for Body Worn Camera-Induced Behavior Change Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Quin Patterson, Michael D. White
The cause(s) of reduced use of force and complaints following police body-worn camera (BWC) deployment remain unclear, though some argue that BWCs generate a civilizing effect on citizen behavior. This potential effect rests on four pre-conditions: (1) BWC presence and citizen awareness; (2) BWC activation; (3) Escalated citizen behavior or the potential for escalation; (4) Citizen mental capacity
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Data-Informed and Place-Based Violent Crime Prevention: The Kansas City, Missouri Risk-Based Policing Initiative Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Joel M. Caplan, Leslie W. Kennedy, Grant Drawve, Jonas H. Baughman
The Kansas City, Missouri Police Department sought to reduce violent crime with an evidence-based approach to problem analysis and intervention planning. Informed by hot spot analysis and risk terrain modeling, police and their community partners implemented a place-based crime intervention program focused on key attractors and generators of the environmental backcloth. Target and comparison areas
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Profiles of U.S. Law Enforcement Officers’ Physical, Psychological, and Behavioral Health: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey of Officers Police Quarterly (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Elizabeth A. Mumford, Weiwei Liu, Bruce G. Taylor
Law enforcement officers’ health and wellness is important at the individual and community levels in terms of maintaining a fit workforce to uphold the mission of public safety. The current study was designed to assess officer wellness across the U.S. From a nationally representative random sample of 1,135 local and state agencies, a random, probability-based sample of officers was selected, oversampling