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Rethinking Sanctioning for Offenders with Mental Health Issues: A Balanced Justice Approach American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-04-09 Lincoln B. Sloas, Mariemilia Larrea
The public’s perspective regarding sanctioning offenders, especially violent and nonviolent, tend to support either a rehabilitative or balanced approach to justice. This study aims to better understand perspectives on sanctioning violent and nonviolent mental health offenders. We draw on a survey of 575 college students from a large university in the south. We assess public perceptions of whether
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Forecasting the Racial and Ethnic Impacts of ‘Race-Neutral’ Legislation through Researcher and Policymaker Partnerships American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 Cecilia Chouhy, Nic Swagar, Julie Brancale, Kaylee Noorman, Sonja E. Siennick, Jonathan Caswell, William D. Bales, George B. Pesta, Thomas G. Blomberg
This article describes a unique researcher and policymaker partnership aimed at assessing the racial and ethnic impact of proposed criminal justice legislation. Using data from several Florida agencies, Florida State University projected trends in population and criminal justice outcomes to assess the potential impact on racial and ethnic disparities of ten bills. This article describes the project
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History of Sexual Violence Victimization and Weapon Carrying Among Adolescents: Findings from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-03-25 Philip Baiden, Erin Findley, Henry K. Onyeaka
Although prior studies have examined the association between sexual violence victimization and violent behaviors, few studies have investigated the association between sexual violence victimization and weapon carrying among adolescents in the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between sexual violence victimization and weapon carrying among adolescents. Data
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Establishing a Profession through Boundary Drawing: Defining Criminology’s Autonomy Vis-À-Vis Six Competing Disciplines American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Brendan D. Dooley
Criminology as an independent profession established itself just over a half century ago. An analysis of oral histories collected with seventeen leading scholars in criminology reveal how the profession has worked to establish institutional legitimacy over that time. Extending a thesis of boundary drawing (Gieryn, 1999) the present effort first briefly traces the field’s emancipation from its former
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An Analysis of Hate Crime Victimization Amongst Immigrants American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Wesley S. McCann, Francis D. Boateng
The primary purpose of the current study was to understand immigrant hate crime victimization in the U.S. Specifically, the authors analyzed the most recent data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to explore the factors that influence hate crime experiences and reporting by immigrant victims. Results from the binary logistic regression analyses revealed significant relationships between immigration
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Examining Direct and Indirect Pathways between Adolescent Extra-Familial Criminal Victimization and Adult Mental Health American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 David Eitle
This study examines the association between extra-familial criminal victimizations in adolescence and two mental health outcomes—depressive symptomology and suicide ideation—reported in adulthood (mean age = 28). Guided by the adverse childhood experiences and the stress process model, this association is explored while considering other salient predictors of adult mental health, including childhood
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Victims’ Perceptions of Cyberstalking: an Examination of Perceived Offender Motivation American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-02-09 Erica R. Fissel
The current study explores cyberstalking victims’ perceived offender motivation for using a sample of 576 young adults who had been repeatedly pursued online by someone they knew within the previous 12-months. Results revealed that cyberstalking victims most frequently believed that the perpetrator engaged in the repeated unwanted contacts because they were motivated by affection (47.22%), rejection
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Conceptualizing and Contextualizing Treatment Orientation: a Mixed-Method Analysis of Juvenile Correctional Staff under a Therapeutic Model American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-02-09 Sarah Jane Brubaker, Hayley M. D. Cleary
Scholars have examined associations between treatment orientation and staff outcomes such as stress, burnout and turnover. However, existing operationalizations of treatment orientation are inconsistent, and the construct is often measured dichotomously, which fails to capture the complexity of staff experiences and perceptions. Our mixed method study of a newly implemented therapeutic program in a
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“Stuck in their Ways”: Examining Parole Officers’ Perceptions on Guiding Older Offenders through the Reentry Process American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-02-06 Mary H. Hughes, Tusty ten Bensel
Parole officers serve a critical role for inmates who are reentering society by monitoring the transitional and rehabilitation process post incarceration. Recently, there has been increased concern among correctional professionals in regard to addressing economic and management barriers of aging inmates. Elderly offenders require unique resources with regard to their health and housing and parole officers
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The Relationship Between Citizen Oversight and Procedural Justice Measures in Policing: An Exploratory Study American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 Bradley S. Holliday, John H. Wagstaff
Some American law enforcement agencies continue to experience disruptions in the level of trust and legitimacy ascribed to them by their communities. Citizen review boards (CRBs), may be an effective means for improving the police-community relationship. Utilizing a framework grounded in procedural justice and citizen participation, this study examines whether a link exists between CRBs and community
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Measuring Geographic Sentiment toward Police Using Social Media Data American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 Gyeongseok Oh, Yan Zhang, Richard G. Greenleaf
Using Twitter messages published online from October 2018 to June 2019, and opinion mining (OM) technology, the current study analyzes the geographic sentiments toward police in 82 metropolitan areas within the United States. Building on the frameworks of the neighborhood social contextual models, the construct validity of “sentiment toward the police” is assessed via its relationship with the features
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Immigrant and Citizen Reincarceration in Pennsylvania American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-30 Terrence A. Alladin, Don Hummer
Despite numerous studies debunking the association between immigrants and crime, many residents in Pennsylvania continue to associate immigration with criminal offending, and some communities have enacted (or attempted to enact) more restrictive policies towards immigrants. These policies, and the anti-immigrant rhetoric that has become commonplace at the national level, have created a caste system
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#MeToo for Whom? Sexual Assault Disclosures Before and After #MeToo American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Jane E. Palmer, Erica R. Fissel, Jill Hoxmeier, Erin Williams
In October 2017, #MeToo became a global hashtag for victims of sexual assault and harassment. In this study, we examine the extent of unwanted sexual experiences and disclosure, as well as perceptions of #MeToo, to assess differences among students who were represented and underrepresented in #MeToo coverage. Using a stratified random sample of students at a private university in the mid-Atlantic region
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The Influence of Low Self-Control and Thoughtfully Reflective Decision Making on Criminal Justice Processing American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Cashen M. Boccio, Joseph A. Schwartz, Kevin M. Beaver
Previous research indicates that individual-level factors, such as low self-control, are related to criminal involvement (Pratt & Cullen, 2000). Comparatively less research, however, has examined whether individual-level factors may also influence the likelihood of being apprehended for criminal behavior. This study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the influence of levels of self-control
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Valid for Who? A Preliminary Investigation of the Validity of Two Sexual Victimization Questionnaires in Men and Sexual Minorities American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Rae Ann E. Anderson, Emily M. Carstens Namie, Erica L. Goodman
The #MeToo movement illuminated vast numbers of people who experienced sexual violence, but the exact scope and impact, especially among under-studied populations (e.g., men and sexual minorities) is unclear, due in part to measurement issues. Our objective was to compare the validity of two measures of sexual violence victimization: The Sexual Experiences Survey – Short Form Victimization (SES-SFV)
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Beyond a Crime Gene: Genetic Literacy and Correctional Orientation American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Amanda Graham, J.C. Barnes, Hexuan Liu, Francis T. Cullen
Is there a “crime gene”? This question has been answered by the scientific community, and the response is a definitive “no.” Yet, it is unclear whether this information has been communicated to the general public. Furthermore, it is unclear whether people’s views about the genetics of crime influence their perceptions of the way offenders should be treated. This study uses attribution theory to understand
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Why More Agencies and Researchers Should Embrace the Upcoming NIBRS Transition: Contributions and Promise of the NIBRS Data American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Brendan Lantz
When the NIBRS data were introduced by the FBI, they were welcomed as representing a potential revolution in U.S. crime statistics. More than two decades later, however, participation in NIBRS remains limited. In the coming months and years, however, the FBI will transition from the UCR Summary Reporting System (SRS) to NIBRS. Once completed successfully, the ability for researchers and practitioners
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Mixed Methods Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice: a Systematic Review American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Nicole Wilkes, Valerie R. Anderson, Cheryl Laura Johnson, Lillian Mae Bedell
The field of criminology and criminal justice encompass broad and complex multidisciplinary topics. Most of the research that falls under these areas uses either quantitative or qualitative methodologies, with historically limited use of mixed methods designs. Research utilizing mixed methods has increased within the social sciences in recent years, including a steadily growing body of mixed method
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Exploring the Influence of Elements of the Social and Physical Environment on Neighborhood Gun Crime American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Shaun A. Thomas, Casey T. Harris, Grant Drawve
Amidst the more than 38,000 firearm related deaths in the United States annually, academic researchers, policy makers, and the general public often lack a basic understanding as to how elements of the physical environment work alongside socio-demographic characteristics of neighborhoods to influence the occurrence, prevalence, and spatial patterns in gun crime. Drawing on criminal justice, public health
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Media and Confidence in the Police: Differences across Race/Ethnicity American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Jared S. Rosenberger, Rick Dierenfeldt
A substantial body of literature connects direct experience with crime and the criminal justice system to public confidence in the police (Bradford Policing and Society, 24(1): 22-43, 2014; Gibson et al. American Journal of Political Science 47: 354-367, 2003, Political Research Quarterly, 58: 187-201, 2005; Sargeant Policing and Society 27: 927-940, 2017). However, most citizens have limited direct
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In-Flight Sexual Victimization in the #METOO Era: A Content Analysis of Media Reports American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Kweilin T. Lucas
According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), incidents of in-flight sexual assaults have increased in recent years, however, data and details of sexual misconduct that occur on commercial flights are difficult to obtain, particularly in situations that involve non-forcible sexual offenses. Therefore, it is unknown if sexual misconduct is increasing, or if people are reporting incidents more
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Who Produces Online Hate?: An Examination of the Effects of Self-Control, Social Structure, & Social Learning American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Colin Bernatzky, Matthew Costello, James Hawdon
The growing prevalence of hate material on the Internet has led to mounting concerns from scholars and policymakers alike. While recent scholarship has explored predictors of exposure, perception, and participation in online hate, few studies have empirically examined the social factors that lead individuals to produce cyberhate. Therefore, this work examines the production of online hate using online
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Examining Sanction Type and Drug Offender Recidivism: A Register-Based Study in Finland American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Bryan Lee Miller, Noora Ellonen, John H. Boman, Shelagh Dorn, Karoliina Suonpää, Olli-Pekka Aaltonen, Atte Oksanen
Nordic countries incarcerate offenders at much lower rates in comparison with incarceration rates in the United States, and reincarcerate fewer people per capita. Non-custodial alternatives to sanctions, including fines and community service, are used extensively in Finland to reduce negative effects of institutionalization and subsequent disadvantage caused by incarceration. The nature of drug-involved
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Academia Shrugs: how Addressing Systemic Barriers to Research Efficiency and Quality Teaching Would Allow Criminology to Make a Broader Difference American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 John Stogner
Critics have challenged that academics in the fields of criminal justice and criminology inadequately impact society due to their focus drifting from research and teaching practices that make a broader difference. Though the field produces research that sometimes affects policy and often directs students towards successful and fulfilling careers, there is legitimacy to the claim that faculty energies
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Hate Crimes against Asian Americans American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Yan Zhang, Lening Zhang, Francis Benton
Using 1992–2014 data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), the present study examines the nature and characteristics of hate crimes against Asian Americans by comparing them with those of hate crimes against African Americans and Hispanics. Minority-general and minority-specific models are proposed to guide the analysis. The findings are mixed. The analyses of all victim-related
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Victimization Prevention and Awareness on College Campuses: Interconnection Between Title IX and #MeToo American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Andia M. Azimi, Jessica C. Fleming, Brittany E. Hayes
The #MeToo movement centers on raising awareness of risky situations for victimization and encourages the general community to intervene in these situations. Similarly, sexual violence awareness programming that take place on college campuses throughout the academic year can prime individuals to be active bystanders. Except for a handful of systematically evaluated bystander intervention programs,
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An Initial Test of the Tactic-First and Item-Order Hypotheses: Accounting for Response Discrepancies in Sexual Victimization Questionnaires American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 RaeAnn E. Anderson, Erica L. Goodman, Alyssa M. Ciampaglia
Reported prevalence rates of sexual violence range widely in the literature, even in the same sample when using two different questionnaires of the same construct. These discrepancies are concerning as they indicate we may be underestimating the rate of sexual violence and, therefore, resources and treatment for victims. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate two mechanisms that may contribute
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Assessing the Fear of Package Theft American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Melody Hicks, Ben Stickle, Joshua Harms
A rapidly growing crime problem in the United States and abroad, package theft is a phenomenon that is of persistent and significant concern to the public. However, the academic study on the subject has been neglected. Because package theft is understudied, the impact it has is difficult to understand, and the crime itself is hard to address. This present study defines package theft, informs readers
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Reentering the Community after Prison: Perspectives on the Role and Importance of Social Support American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Jean Kjellstrand, Miriam Clark, Celia Caffery, Joanna Smith, J. Mark Eddy
Individuals reentering the community after prison can face a host of complex challenges. Social support appears to be an important factor in helping recently released men and women by promoting adjustment and success in multiple areas of life. However, social support during the reentry is not well understood in terms of what types of support help individuals, who can best provide this support, how
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The Impact of Firearm Levels on Homicide Rates: the Effects of Controlling for Cultural Differences in Cross-National Research American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Tomislav Kovandzic, Gary Kleck
We analyze the largest set of nations (n = 55) with a valid measure of gun ownership levels ever used to test the effect of national gun levels on homicide rates. We control for measures of national culture to better isolate the effects of firearm availability. We find that, while national gun levels have a significant positive bivariate correlation with homicide rates, once one controls for violence-related
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Sexual Harassment in Transit Environments among College Students in the #MeToo Era: Reporting Evidence from Six Continents American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-12-12 Vania Ceccato, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris
Evaluating patterns of sexual violence against young people across the world in the era of the #MeToo movement presents great opportunities for research and practice but also challenges. The aim of this article is to critically assess an internet-based methodology employed in a comparative study conducted with university students in 18 different cities, in six continents. While our main purpose is
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Sexual Assault Awareness in the #Metoo Era: Student Perceptions of Victim Believability and Cases in the Media American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Brittany L. Acquaviva, Eryn Nicole O’Neal, Shelly L. Clevenger
Media discussions of sexual violence have increased since the rapid growth of the social media movement #metoo. Specifically, the phrase resurfaced in abundance in 2017 when actress, producer, activist Alyssa Milano encouraged her social media followers to reply “me too” if they had ever been sexually harassed or assaulted. In addition to raising awareness, media coverage of historically silent topics
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Factors Associated with #MeToo Involvement Among College Students American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Chrystina Y. Hoffman
Sexual violence is a topic that has received increasing national attention and has been identified as a commonly occurring social issue. In response to the failure of the criminal justice system (and society at large) to adequately respond to the prevalence of sexual victimization, the #MeToo movement (which involves posting the #MeToo hashtag on social media) has acted as a mechanism to expose systemic
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Reply to Gonzalez et al. American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Alex R. Piquero, Jordan R. Riddell, Stephen A. Bishopp, Chelsey Narvey, Joan A. Reid, Nicole Leeper Piquero
We appreciate Editor Miller’s invitation to provide some remarks on a recent commentary submitted by Gonzalez et al. We reflected for some time on whether to dedicate our effort and time to countering the inaccuracies in the commentary but feel that the errors, contradictions, inconsistencies, and tone of the commentary, unfortunately demand our attention. Accordingly, and because journal space is
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Trends in Family Violence Are Not Causally Associated with COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders: a Commentary on Piquero et al. American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Jennifer M. Reingle Gonzalez, Rebecca Molsberry, Jonathan Maskaly, Katelyn K. Jetelina
COVID-19 has caused a wave of research publications in academic and pre-print outlets which have resulted in several high-profile retractions. While the breadth of emerging research has been instrumental in understanding and curbing the global pandemic in near real-time, unfortunately manuscripts with major methodological challenges have fallen through the cracks. In this perspective, we illustrate
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Police Response Models for Handling Encounters with People Suffering from Mental Illnesses: a Survey of Police Chiefs American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Chunghyeon Seo, Bitna Kim, Nathan E. Kruis
To effectively respond to scenes involving people with mental illnesses (PWMI), many police departments in the United States have implemented police response models (PRMs) that improve officer training on mental illness and/or solicit cooperation with mental healthcare providers. No existing study has focused on examining police chiefs’ attitudes toward the effectiveness of PRMs. To help fill this
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Understanding the Gap in Self-Reported Offending by Race: a Meta-Analysis American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 Tracy WP Sohoni, Graham C. Ousey, Erica Bower, Alisha Mehdi
Self-report data is valuable to criminologists for its potential at revealing offending patterns free from biases affecting official data obtained by police. An issue of great interest is whether racial differences in crime rates evident in official data persist when analyzing self-report offending data. In their landmark study, Elliott and Ageton (1980) argued that early self-report crime studies
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Social Contagion in Bullying: an Examination of Strains and Types of Bullying Victimization in Peer Networks American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Megan Stubbs-Richardson, David C. May
This study examined risk and protective factors for four types of bullying victimization – physical, verbal, relational, and cyber bullying – while assessing the influence of vicarious, anticipated, and experienced strains from General Strain Theory. In this study, experienced strain was operationalized as exposure to negative stimuli, such as rejection. Vicarious strain was operationalized as witnessing
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The Bureaucratic Burden of Identifying your Rapist and Remaining “Cooperative”: What the Sexual Assault Kit Initiative Tells us about Sexual Assault Case Attrition and Outcomes American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 Rachel Lovell, Laura Overman, Duoduo Huang, Daniel J. Flannery
We analyzed a large sample of sexual assaults over almost two decades in one urban U.S. jurisdiction with previously untested sexual assault kits that were initially not successfully adjudicated (n = 717). We explored patterns of attrition through descriptive statistics and predictors of attrition through continuation-ratio modeling. Findings provide a more comprehensive framework for examining attrition
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“Just because Somebody Is in a White Jacket and Has a Medical Degree doesn’t Mean they’re Not a Drug Dealer”: Law-Enforcement Experiences Investigating Occupational Offenders American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Jacinta M. Gau, William D. Moreto
In spite of its dangers and prevalence, occupational crime is rarely addressed through criminal-law channels, largely because resource constraints and legal rules or ambiguities hamper criminal investigations and prosecutions. Little empirical research exists into law-enforcement personnel’s attempts to secure arrests and prosecutions of occupational offenders. The present study uses data from in-depth
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Tell us how you Really Feel: Validating an Inmate Social Climate Survey American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 Melissa W. Burek, John C. Liederbach
Correctional facilities have a discernible social climate, or collection of contextual properties that derive in part from the perceptions of inmates. These properties include the physical, organizational, social, and emotional characteristics of correctional institutions. Social climate directly influences the attitudes and behavior of inmates, their well-being, and prison management. The present
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What Do CDC’s Surveys Say About the Prevalence of Defensive Gun Use? American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Gary Kleck
In 1996, 1997, and 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted large-scale surveys asking about defensive gun use (DGU) in four to seven states. Analysis of the raw data allows the estimation of the prevalence of DGU for those areas. Data pertaining to the same sets of states from the 1993 National Self-Defense Survey (Kleck & Gertz, 1995) allow these results to be extrapolated
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Publisher Correction: Supporting the Message, Not the Messenger: The Correlates of Attitudes towards Black Lives Matter American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Omeed S. Ilchi, James Frank
Due to typesetting mistake, the last two rows of Table 6 were misaligned.
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Translation of National Juvenile Drug Treatment Court Guidelines into Statewide Standards and Practices: a Case Study American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 Stephen W. Phillippi, Casey L. Thomas, Kerry Lentini
Juvenile Drug Treatment Courts (JDTCs) are designed to reduce offending and substance use among youth populations. This case study represents Louisiana’s translation of federal guidelines into best practices to address substance abuse and delinquency among youth served by the state’s JDTCs. Preliminary results from this implementation indicate positive outcomes for juvenile populations in JDTCs, including
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Comparing Different Sources of Data to Examine Trends of Hate Crime in Absence of Official Registers American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-09-02 Matteo Vergani, Carolina Navarro, Joshua D. Freilich, Steven M. Chermak
Whether hate crime against minority groups increases or decreases over time underpins important theoretical and policy questions. However, the ability to capture trends is limited due to a dearth of data and measurement problems, especially in countries where there is no official register of hate crime. Using Chile as a case study, we compare longitudinal data from victimization surveys, registers
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Applying Black’s Theory of Law to Juvenile Justice Decisions American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-09-02 Allison T. Chappell, Scott R. Maggard
An abundance of research has examined the impact of legal and extra-legal variables on juvenile justice processing. Much of this research, whether explicitly or implicitly, investigates the extent to which extra-legal variables, such as race, ethnicity, and gender, impact decision making. Some of these studies have also considered how social situational factors shape outcomes. However, there remains
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Frontline Support for Concealed Carry on Campus: A Case Study in a Border Town American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-08-31 Fei Luo, Wanzhu Shi
An increasing number of states have passed legislation allowing individuals to carry concealed weapons on university campuses. Past research has examined the perceptions of campus carry among college students, but most of the extant literature represents efforts occurring prior to these legislative changes and seldom explores the perceptions of minority populations. Current scholarship also lacks research
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Plea-Bargaining Law: the Impact of Innocence, Trial Penalty, and Conviction Probability on Plea Outcomes American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Miko M. Wilford, Gary L. Wells, Annabelle Frazier
Despite the prevalence of guilty pleas, we know relatively little about factors that influence the decision to plead. Replicating and extending Dervan and Edkins’ Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 103, 1-48. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2071397, (2013), we conducted two experiments to examine the effects of guilt status, trial penalty, and conviction likelihood on plea outcomes using an adaptation
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The Different Crime Solving Styles of Police Agencies across the United States.: A Latent Class Analysis of Criminal Investigation Goals American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Yung Hyeock Lee, Sujung Cho
This study employed latent class analysis (LCA) to identify distinct subgroups of U.S. police agencies, each having a similar pattern of criminal investigation goals. Using a nationally representative sample of 1746 U.S. police agencies, including municipal, county sheriffs, and State police, this analysis yielded four subgroups: professional (32.5% of the sample), enforcing (25.2%), servicing (20
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Revolving Doors: Examining the Effect of Race and Ethnicity on Discretionary Decision-Making in Parole Revocations American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 Tri Keah S. Henry
Approximately 20% of offenders under community supervision in the United States are currently on parole. While parole board members possess a wide range of discretionary power, the factors influencing this decision-making process have yet to be fully explored. Previous research has generally examined factors that influence time to release on parole or parole disposition (i.e. granted or denied) as
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Supporting the Message, Not the Messenger: The Correlates of Attitudes towards Black Lives Matter American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 Omeed S. Ilchi, James Frank
Since the Black Lives Matter movement’s rise to prominence, there has been significant opposition from both media and political figures who believe that the movement is promoting a “war on cops.” Because there is no evidence to support this claim, the current study examines the basis for negative attitudes towards Black Lives Matter using a sample of over 500 undergraduate students from a large Midwestern
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Stop and Risk: Policing, Data, and the Digital Age of Discrimination American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-08-07 Matthew Browning, Bruce Arrigo
Predictive policing is the newest innovation in the field of law enforcement. Predictive policing programs use algorithms to analyze existing crime data in an attempt to make predictions about future crimes: What crimes are likely to be committed, where crimes are likely to be committed, and a list of potential victims and offenders. Proponents of predictive policing champion the practice as an effective
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Routine Activities Theory as a Formula for Systematic Sexual Abuse: A Content Analysis of Survivors’ Testimony Against Larry Nassar American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 Ashley Wellman, Michele Bisaccia Meitl, Patrick Kinkade, Amanda Huffman
Larry Nassar, a once world renowned Olympic doctor, was arrested and charged with child abuse and child pornography in 2016, becoming one of the most prolific abusers in history. The current paper examines Nassar’s abuse through the lens of Routine Activities Theory. Drawing from the complete transcripts of 172 victim impact statements read at his trial, a formula for Nassar’s systematic abuse was
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Split Sentencing in Florida: Race/Ethnicity, Gender, Age, and the Mitigation of Prison Sentence Length American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 Peter S. Lehmann, Anna I. Gomez
Corresponding with the theoretical expectations of the causal attributions and focal concerns perspectives, a vast body of sentencing literature has shown that Black and Hispanic defendants, and specifically young minority males, are more likely than other offenders to receive incarceration sentences, longer prison terms, and punitive departures from sentencing guideline recommendations. To date, however
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Rural Victimization and Policing during the COVID-19 Pandemic. American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-07-17 J Andrew Hansen,Gabrielle L Lory
Rural criminal justice organizations have been overlooked by researchers and underfunded in the United States, exacerbating problems caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Access to victims’ services has been a longstanding issue in rural communities, but has become more difficult due to stay-at-home orders and changes in daily activities. Requirements such as social distancing, necessitated by COVID-19
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Court Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic. American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-07-12 Julie Marie Baldwin,John M Eassey,Erika J Brooke
This paper reviews the distinct nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and examines the resultant court responses and recommendations disseminated by various entities that support courts. Specifically, we contextualize the current environment the present pandemic has created by considering how it compares to the most-recent previous pandemics. We then review guidelines disseminated to the courts and the modifications
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A Comparative Analysis of Foiled and Completed Mass Shootings American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-07-11 Jason R. Silva
This study provides a comparative analysis of foiled and completed mass shootings in the United States between 2000 and 2019. Specifically, this work quantitatively examines differences in mass shooting perpetrator, motivation, and target characteristics. Findings identify significant predictors of foiled mass shootings including student-aged perpetrators, dyads, fame and ideological motivations, as
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Crime, Justice & the COVID-19 Pandemic: Toward a National Research Agenda. American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 J Mitchell Miller,Alfred Blumstein
The novel corona virus COVID-19 has become a worldwide public health pandemic that has induced anomic conditions impacting daily routines. COVID-19 response measures specifically alter regular schedules and both restrict and expand opportunities for various types of crime while presenting unprecedented challenges for the criminal justice system. For criminologists and criminal justice scientists, the
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Has COVID-19 Changed Crime? Crime Rates in the United States during the Pandemic. American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 John H Boman,Owen Gallupe
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, state-level governments across the United States issued mandatory stay-at-home orders around the end of March 2020. Though intended to stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus, the lockdowns have had sweeping impacts on life in ways which were not originally planned. This study’s purpose is to investigate the extent to which governmental responses to COVID-19 have
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A Content Analysis of Qualitative Research Published in Top Criminology and Criminal Justice Journals from 2010 to 2019 American Journal of Criminal Justice (IF 1.181) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Heith Copes, Blake Beaton, David Ayeni, Dean Dabney, Richard Tewksbury
With the growth of qualitative research within the fields of criminology and criminal justice (CCJ) it is important to examine discipline standards and expectations of how to collect and analyze qualitative data and to present research findings. Our aim here is to assess qualitative research published in 17 top CCJ journals during the period of 2010 to 2019. We found that the number of qualitative
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